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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma by using spiral volumetric CT: Comparison of US and MR imaging (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 547-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Liver neoplasm ; Computed tomography ; Hepatocellular carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are hypervascular and arise in the liver with chronicity. Spiral volumetric CT (SVCT) is a new rapid-scan technique that offers whole-liver scanning during the arterial-dominant phase. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the detectability of hypervascular HCC with SVCT as compared with ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods Forty-three hypervascular HCCs in 512 patients with chronic liver disease were examined with US, precontrast SVCT, postcontrast SVCT during the arterial-dominant phase (CT-ADP) and during the equivalent-phase (CT-EP) noncontrast MR imaging and angiography including SVCT during arteriography and arterial portography. Angiographic and follow-up findings were used as the gold standard if the lesion was not confirmed histologically. Results The sensitivity was 61% with precontrast CT, 84% with CT-ADP, 58% with CT-EP, 70% with US, 72% with MR, and 95% with the combination of these five modalities. Five HCCs (12%) were detected with only CT-ADP. The vascularity of HCC was correctly evaluated as hypervascular in 38 nodules (88%) with the combination of precontrast CT and CT-ADP. Conclusions We suggest that the combination of precontrast SVCT and CT-ADP is an essential modality to screen for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease. CT-EP did not contribute to the detection of hypervascular HCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256709
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of structural relaxation and regularities of plastic flow of metallic glasses (1999)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 41 (1999), S. 1989-1994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of a calculation of the structural relaxation rate and an experimental acoustical-emission determination of the temperature of the transition from localized to uniform flow it is argued that the type of plastic deformation of metallic glasses is uniquely determined by the kinetic structure of the relaxation. In the case of a kinetically hindered structural relaxation, which is characteristic for tests of initial samples at temperatures T〈380–420 K, a localized dislocational deformation is realized. At higher temperatures, “memory” of the thermal prehistory of the samples is lost (aging at room temperature), the structural relaxation rate grows abruptly and plastic flow becomes uniform viscoplastic flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1131140
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle regulators in the keratinocyte (cyclin-cdk) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has recently become clear that cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) complex regulates the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein, a tumor suppressor protein. It is likely that this complex is a target of various growth factors and anti-growth factors (UV TGF-β etc.) in keratinocyte (KC). It has also been suggested that abnormalities in the cell cycle regulating mechanism such as increased activity of cyclin-cdk due to mutation of p53, a tumor suppressor gene, and overexpression of cyclin D may be concerned with carcinogenesis of KC. Thus, recent studies indicate that the cyclin-cdk complex is a common target of proliferation and carcinogenesis in KC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00215.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of structural relaxation in the plastic flow of metallic glasses (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5724-5731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The role of structural relaxation in the plastic flow behavior of metallic glasses is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The characteristic time of structural relaxation is calculated as a function of glass thermal prehistory. It is revealed that heating above the room temperature by several tens of Kelvins results in a sharp, by several orders of magnitude, decrease of this time. It is argued that localized "inhomogeneous" dislocation-like flow occurs on loading if the characteristic time of structural relaxation is much greater than the characteristic loading time, while "homogeneous" viscous deformation is observed in the opposite case. Precise measurements of acoustic emission in a Co-based metallic glass being loaded at different temperatures and strain rates are employed for verification of this statement. It is shown that the inhomogeneous → homogeneous flow transition occurs at temperatures somewhat higher than T=400 K, and the transition temperature increases by (approximate) 40 K as the strain rate increases by two orders of magnitude. Theoretical estimations show that for the inhomogeneous flow the characteristic time of structural relaxation in the loaded state is indeed much greater than the characteristic loading time. It is concluded that the kinetics of structural relaxation determines the flow mode of metallic glasses in a unique manner. The kinetically "frozen" structural relaxation gives rise to a crystalline-like localized flow under load while intensive structural relaxation facilitates a viscous glass-like behavior. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367428
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First operation of HiECR-3 ion source for 14–18 GHz : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1186-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The new HiECR-3 ion source has been designed to have a mirror field and a hexapole field strong enough for both 14 and 18 GHz operation. We designed, manufactured, and operated the HiECR-3, for studying characteristics of volume and surface dependence on the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma zone. From these measurements of the ECR plasma, we examined many problems. They are the ECR plasma zone, the extraction efficiency from the plasma zone, electron injection from another ECR plasma zone, and volume and surface of the ECR plasma zone. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146727
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexpression of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p53 in sun-exposed normal epidermis, but not in neoplastic epidermis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wild-type p53 accumulation induced by DNA damaging agents such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. γ-irradiation and drugs, may arrest the cell cycle until DNA damage is repaired. p21Waf1/Cip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor induced by wild-type p53. CDK is activated by cyclin and progresses the cell cycle. On the other hand. CDK inhibitors inhibit CDK activity to arrest the cell cycle. Thus, p21Waf1/Cip1 is thought to mediate the signal of p53 induced by DNA damaging agents to arrest the cell cycle. p21Waf1/Cip1 is induced by wild-type, but not mutant p53. To investigate p21Waf1/Cip1 regulation by p53 in epidermis in vivo, immunohistochemical staining of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p53 were conducted in chronically sun-exposed normal epidermis and in neoplastic epidermis. p21Waf1/Cip1 expression was found to be coincident with the p53-positive regions or not coincident with the p53-positive regions in chronically sun-exposed normal epidermis, whereas there was only low or undetectable p21Waf1/Cip1 expression in any regions including the p53-positive regions of solar keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. This suggests that wild-type p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 may play a part in chronically sun-exposed normal epidermis response to UV exposure, whereas p21Waf1/Cip1 cannot be induced by mutated p53 in solar keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1068.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of complexity on learning ability of recurrent neural networks (1998)
    Springer
    Artificial life and robotics 2 (1998), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: Recurrent neural networks ; Chaos ; Complex systems ; Learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper demonstrates that recurrent neural networks can be used effectively to estimate unknown, complicated nonlinear dynamics. The emphasis of this paper is on the distinguishable properties of dynamics at the edge of chaos, i.e., between ordered behavior and chaotic behavior. We introduce new stochastic parameters, defined as combinations of standard parameters, and reveal relations between these parameters and the complexity of the network dynamics by simulation experiments. We then propose a novel learning method whose core is to keep the complexity of the network dynamics to the dynamics phase which has been distinguished using formulations of the experimental relations. In this method, the standard parameters of neurons are changed by the core part and also according to the global error measure calculated by the well-known simple back-propagation algorithm. Some simulation studies show that the core part is effective for recurrent neural network learning, and suggest the existence of excellent learning ability at the edge of chaos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471163
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-dimensional shock wave interaction with rubber and low-porosity foam (1995)
    Springer
    Shock waves 5 (1995), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Low-porosity foam ; Shock-foam interaction ; Environmental problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract One-dimensional interaction between a planar shock wave and a rubber or low-porosity foam is investigated experimentally and numerically. The considered polyurethane foam is of high density (ρ c=290 kg/m3) and lowporosity (ϕ=0.76), and this corresponds to an intermediate condition between rubber and high-porosity foam. Stress-strain relations for the low-porosity foam are investigated by machine tests, which show larger deformation against compressive force and higher non-linearity in stress-strain curve as compared with rubber. Also the low-porosity foam shows a hysteresis cycle. Experiments on shock wave-foam interactions are conducted by using a shock tube. Experimental time history of the surface stress of the foam at the end of the shock tube does not show shock type stress increase, but continuous excessive stress rise can be seen, and then dumping vibration approaching to gas dynamic pressure of the reflected shock wave is followed, and the highest stress amounts about 3∼4 times of the pressure after the reflected gas dynamic shock wave. Interactive motions of gas and the low-porosity foam are analyzed using the Lagrangean coordinates system. An elastic model for a low-porosity foam is assumed to be a single elastic material with the measured stress-strain relation. Results of numerical simulations are compared with the shock tube experiments, which show essentially same stress variations with experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425033
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of dry eye in Japanese eye centers (1995)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 233 (1995), S. 555-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: The purpose of the investigation was to ascertain the prevalence of dry eye in new outpatients. • Methods: A total of 2127 consecutive new outpatients seen in eight Japanese centers from April 1992 to January 1993 underwent comprehensive examinations, including double vital staining and measurement of tear film break-up time, basal tear secretion, and tear clearance. Dry eye was diagnosed if patients had abnormalities of both the tear film and the ocular surface. • Results: Three hundred fifty-nine patients (17%) had dry eye. There was no seasonal pattern for dry eye. The condition was significantly more common in Tokyo than in suburban areas (P 〈 0.01). The prevalence of dry eye in visual display terminal (VDT) users and contact lens (CL) wearers was significantly higher than in non-VDT users and non-CL wearers (P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.02, respectively). • Conclusion: Our findings suggest that dry eye is one of the most common ocular disorders encountered by physicians. Furthermore, if patients use VDTs or wear CLs, the likelihood of dry eye occurring is higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404705
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue Crack Propagation in Copper Bicrystals Having the Grain Boundaries of Σ3 Vicinal Domain (1999)
    Springer
    Interface science 7 (1999), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Keywords: intergranular fatigue cracking ; twin boundary ; bicrystal ; copper ; persistent slip band
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The criterion for occurrence of intergranular fatigue cracking in copper has been investigated from the view point of both the grain boundary (GB) character and the cyclic deformation property of constituent grains. The copper bicrystals were prepared to have several orientation relationships close to Σ3(1 1 1) coherent twin (Σ3 vicinal domain) so as to change the GB character rapidly with increasing deviation angles |Δθ| from the Σ3 relation. These bicrystals were shaped to single-edge-notched specimens in which a GB plane was perpendicular to the tensile axis. The fatigue crack propagation tests were carried out in air at room temperature. The specimens having deviation angles |Δθ| less than 3° involved no intergranular fatigue cracking. When the |Δθ| values were ranged from 3° to 5°, the ratio of the intergranular cracking increased. In the specimens having the |Δθ| values more than 9°, the intragranular cracking became predominate again. The increase in the intergranular cracking with increasing deviation angle at the |Δθ| values less than 5° could be understood in terms of the increasing GB susceptibility to the GB damage due to air environment. On the other hand, the intragranular cracking at the |Δθ| values more than 9° could be attributed to the formation of the persistent slip bands in the constituent grains and subsequent crack propagation preferentially along them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008787703423
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