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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 49 (1997), S. 1025-1037 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallographic evaluation ; evaluation with difference procedure ; kinetics ; Rietveld refinement ; X-ray diffraction ; temperature resolved
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Time and temperature resolved X-ray diffraction was used for thermal analysis. Series of diffraction patterns were measured, while the samples are heated/cooled stepwise or isothermally with freely selectable temperature programs. The method was applied for the investigation of the phase transitions of ammonium nitrate and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraaza-cyclooctane), when the identification of phases was required. Its capability in the field of kinetics is demonstrated with the isothermal investigation of the solid state reaction of ammonium nitrate with copper oxide and the non-isothermal investigation of the high temperature corrosion of nickel, which was performed by means of a difference procedure. For obtaining structural details peak fitting and Rietveld refinement were applied for the investigation of ammonium nitrate and HMX.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 48 (1997), S. 171-184 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: TiAl, corrosion ; high-temperature ; kinetics ; nitrogen dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxide scale formation on γ-TiAl at 800 and 900°C was studied using high temperature X-ray diffraction as anin situ-method. The experiments were performed in air and in He with 20 vol.% O2. The formation of alumina in the form of α-Al2O3 and of TiO2 in the form of rutile was observed in both atmospheres and the formation of TiN was detected in air. Depending on the atmosphere the diffraction peaks of two different additional phases were detected, which do not exist in any data base nor in the Ti-Al-O phase diagram. One of them, the Z-phase, appears in He with 20 vol.% O2 and the other, the X-phase, in air. The Zphase was also found at room temperature after oxidation at 900°C in air. The growth of both phases, X and Z, starts immediately with the oxidation process and follows the parabolic rate law.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 139-203 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; MoSi2 ; TiSi2 ; air ; oxygen ; O and Si transport in SiO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of two MoSi2 variants, one Mo-rich and one Si-rich, and TiSi2 was investigated between 1000 and 1400°C in air, oxygen and an 80/20-Ar/O2 mixture. A protective SiO2 scale develops on MoSi2 in all atmospheres in the temperature range investigated. The SiO2 modification changes around 1300°C from tridymite to cristobalite. This change in SiO2 modification seems to cause an enhanced formation of SiO2 and evaporation of MoO3. The SiO2 grows at the MoSi2-scale interface. In air a two-layer scale grows on TiSi2 between about 1000 and 1200°C with an inner inwards growing fine-grain mixture of SiO2 + TiO2 and an outer outward-growing TiO2 partial layer. TiN formation in the transient oxidation is responsible for the formation of the inner mixed partial layer because in N -free atmospheres a scale of a SiO2 matrix with some Ti oxide precipitates inside is formed. A one-layer scale structure similar as that in N-free atmosphere is found on TiSi2 in air at T 〉 1200°C. In oxygen the TiO2 precipitates grow as needles mostly oriented perpendicular to the surface. Due to the faster oxygen transport in TiO2 compared with SiO2, these TiO2 needles act as “oxygen pipes,” causing an enhanced oxidation of TiSi2 in front of these needles. The SiO2 scale dissolves about 1–2% TiO2. This doping causes a mixed oxygenand Si transport with the consequence that the SiO2 scale on TiSi2 grows partly by oxygen transport inwards and Si transport outwards. The SiO2 modification is cristobalite over the entire temperature range investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Analog integrated circuits and signal processing 11 (1996), S. 5-19 
    ISSN: 1573-1979
    Keywords: balanced filters ; analogue ; BIST ; fault diagnosis ; ATPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The test and diagnosis of fully differential analogue filters are addressed in this paper. Full coverage of hard/soft faults affecting circuit behaviour can be achieved by adjusting the tolerance window of the built-in self-test circuitry and the amplitude and frequency of the input test signal. Under a single fault assumption, the faulty active or passive component is located and the actual defective value of a faulty passive component is determined. A test generation procedure which results in maximum fault coverage and maximal diagnosis of hard/soft faults in the filter is presented. The test and diagnosis approach can be made compatible with IEEE Std 1149.1 for boundary scan testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 625-630 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidationsverhalten von β-NiAl, undotiert und dotiert mit Ce, Y und HfDie Hochtemperaturoxidation von β-NiAl, undotiert und dotiert mit Ce, Y und Hf wurde mittels Thermogravimetrie in He mit p(O2) = 5·10-6 bar bei 1000°C und mittels Hochtemperatur-Röntgendiffraktrometrie bei 950 und 1000°C in Luft untersucht. Nachuntersuchungen der Proben erfolgten mit Hilfe optischer Mikroskopie sowie Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) mit EDX.Thermogravimetrische Messungen ergaben für β-NiAl+Hf eine niedrigere und für β-NiAl+Y eine ähnliche Massenzunahme wie für undotiertes β-NiAl. Bei β-NiAl+Ce wurde eine deutlich höhere Massenzunahme beobachtet. Die in situ-Versuche zeigten, daß in den ersten Stunden des Oxidationsprozesses das metastabile Θ-Al2O3 gebildet wird, das sich im weiteren Verlauf der Oxidation zu dem stabilen α-Al2O3 umwandelt. Der Zeitraum, in dem Θ-Al2O3 zu beobachten ist, hängt vom Dotierungselement und von der Temperatur ab. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung zeigte, daß die ternären Phasen an den Korngrenzen oxidieren, die ternären Phasen innerhalb der Körner aber keine Oxidation aufweisen. Die Korngrenzenoxidation nimmt in der Reihenfolge β-NiAl+Hf, β-NiAl+Y und β-NiAl+Ce zu.
    Notes: The high temperature oxidation of β-NiAl, undoped and doped with Ce, Y and Hf was studied in situ by thermogravimetry in He with p(O2) = 5·10-6 bar at 1000°C and by high temperature X-ray diffraction at 950 and 1000°C in air. After the in situ experiments the samples were analysed by optical microscopy and SEM with EDX.It was observed by thermogravimetry that the weight gain for β-NiAl+Hf is lower than for undoped β-NiAl, whereas the weight gain for β-NiAl+Y was similar to that for β-NiAl. For β-NiAl+Ce an enhanced increase of mass gain was observed. The in situ X-ray-experiments show that in the first hours of the oxidation process the metastable Θ-Al2O3 is formed, which transforms to the protective α-Al2O3 after different periods of time, depending on the dopant element and the temperature. The analysis of the samples shows that the ternary phases along the grain boundaries were oxidized, whereas the ternary phase precipitates within the grains remained unoxidized. The extend of the grain boundary oxidation increases from β-NiAl+Hf and β-NiAl+Y to β-NiAl+Ce.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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