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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and characterization of semiconductor ion detectors for plasma diagnostics in the range over 0.3 keV : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 324-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the purpose of plasma-ion-energy analyses in a wide-energy range from a few hundred eV to hundreds of keV, upgraded semiconductor detectors are newly fabricated and characterized using a test-ion-beam line from 0.3 to 12 keV. In particular, the detectable lowest-ion energy is drastically improved at least down to 0.3 keV; this energy is one to two orders-of-magnitude better than those for commercially available Si-surface-barrier diodes employed for previous plasma-ion diagnostics. A signal-to-noise ratio of two to three orders-of-magnitude better than that for usual metal-collector detectors is demonstrated for the compact-sized semiconductor along with the availability of the use under conditions of a good vacuum and a strong-magnetic field. Such characteristics are achieved due to the improving methods of the optimization of the thicknesses of a Si dead layer and a SiO2 layer, as well as the nitrogen-doping technique near the depletion layer along with minimizing impurity concentrations in Si. Such an upgraded capability of an extremely low-energy-ion detection with the low-noise characteristics enlarges research regimes of plasma-ion behavior using semiconductor detectors not only in the divertor regions of tokamaks but in wider spectra of open-field plasma devices including tandem mirrors. An application of the semiconductor ion detector for plasma-ion diagnostics is demonstrated in a specially designed ion-spectrometer structure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147923
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A differential-spectrum ion-energy analyzer with electrostatic slanted grids (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4928-4936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel end-loss ion-energy spectrometer is designed for plasma-ion diagnostics in open-ended plasma-confinement devices. This analyzer significantly upgrades a previous slanted grid end-loss analyzer (SELA) to essentially eliminate secondary-electron current, and to provide a differential-spectrum mode of operation, in addition to the usual integral-spectrum operation of gridded ion-energy analyzers. The upgraded SELA does not perturb the ambient magnetic field due to its electrostatic operation. Either the differential or integral spectra are obtained by a time sweep of grid voltages, collecting the ion current on a single-channel plate. Because the angular alignment of the SELA is not critical, it can be used as a spatially scannable diagnostic of ion-energy distributions and plasma potentials. It is characterized using computer simulations of ion trajectories, monoenergetic ion beams, and end-loss plasma from the world's largest tandem mirror—GAMMA 10. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146177
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The overlap between the thin- and thick-filament reflections in the small-angle X-ray diffraction pattern from a molluscan smooth muscle (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle X-ray diffraction studies of the living anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM) of Mytilus edulis have been carried out using a long (2.2 m) point-focusing camera to investigate the overlap between the thin- and thick-filament reflections. While the reflections due to the cross-bridge lattice on the thick filaments in the resting ABRM are distant in the axial direction from the thin-filament layer lines, the paramyosin cores of the thick filaments produce reflections very close to the thin-filament reflections at axial spacings of 387, 59 and 51 Å. Using such a long camera it becomes possible to separate these reflections due to an improvement in the angular resolution and increase in the difference between the widths of the thin- and thick-filament reflections, and it is shown that the intensities of the 387 and 59 Å thin-filament layer lines gradually drop to zero close to the meridian. It becomes relatively easy to observe the thin-filament-based X-ray pattern by use of the long camera, making it possible to show a partial resemblance of the small-angle X-ray pattern from the contracting ABRM with the pattern from the rigorized ABRM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598015544
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [1,3-Bis(pyridine-2-carboxamido)propane]palladium(II) monohydrate and its nickel(II) analogue (1999)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 719-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270198016412
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of middle ear effusions and epidermal growth factor in cholesteatoma formation in the gerbilline temporal bone (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 428-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Mongolian gerbil ; Cholesteatoma ; Middle ear effusion ; Otitis media with effusion ; Epidermal growth factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study the process of aural cholesteatoma formation, we used gerbilline temporal bones to examine histologically the early stages of spontaneous cholesteatomas associated with experimentally induced otitis media with effusion (OME) following electric cauterizations of the eustachian tube. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was then localized immunohistochemically in the pars flaccida of normal ears and the forming spontaneous cholesteatomas. Findings in the ears with the early spontaneous cholesteatomas were effusion inside the pars flaccida and hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis of the pars flaccida. Findings in the ears with experimental OME involved an effusion in the whole middle ear cavity as well as hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis in both the pars flaccida and pars tensa. The incidence of ear drum changes was higher in the experimental OME group than in control animals without cauterization. EGF was localized in the mucous layer of normal drums, the mucous layer and lamina propria of drums with hypertrophy alone, and all lalers in drums with hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis. EGF was especially positive in the cytoplasms of transformed cuboidal cells. These findings suggest that EGF within the transformed mucous layer may play an important role as a biochemical factor in developing cholesteatomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167314
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutational analysis of the role of the first helix of region 4.2 of the σ70 subunit ofEscherichia coli RNA polymerase in transcriptional activation by activator protein PhoB (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 248 (1995), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Phosphate regulon ; RNA polymerase ; σ70 ; Region 4.2 ; PhoB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcription of the genes belonging to the phosphate (pho) regulon inEscherichia coli requires the specific activator protein PhoB, in addition to RNA polymerase containing the major sigma factor, σ70, which is encoded byrpoD. We previously isolated two mutant σ70s(D570G and E575K) that were specifically defective in transcribing thepho genes. The mutated sites were located near and within the first helix of the helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif of region 4.2 of σ70. To study further the role of the first helix of the HTH motif of σ70 in transcriptional activation by PhoB, we made a series ofrpoD mutations that alter the motif and purified the mutant σ70 proteins. RNA polymerases containing the mutant σ70s Y571A, T572L, V576T, K578E and F580V showed reduced in vitro transcription from thepstS promoter, a representativepho promoter, in the presence of PhoB, whereas RNA polymerase containing another mutant σ70 (E574 K) showed enhanced transcription from the promoter. Transcription from the activator-independenttac promoter and thepBR-P4 promoter, which is independent of PhoB and requires cAMP-CRP (cAMP receptor protein) for transcription, was affected at most only marginally by these σ70 mutations. These results provide further evidence that the first helix plays an important role in the specific interaction between RNA polymerase and PhoB protein bound to thepho promoters in transcriptional activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456607
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