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  • 1995-1999  (10)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and electrical characterization of nitrogen ion implanted ZnSSe/p-GaAs (100) (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4994-4999 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nitrogen ions were implanted into ZnSxSe1−x epilayers grown on p-GaAs (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Dopant activation and annealing out the implant damage were achieved by a postannealing process in a N2 ambient. Schottky structures employing the implanted p-type ZnSxSe1−x were fabricated and device efficacy was examined by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, current–voltage (I–V), current–voltage temperature (I–V–T), and high frequency capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. PL spectra showed a clear donor–acceptor pair (DAP) recombination at an energy of 2.735 and 2.72 eV, in both MBE and MOCVD ZnSSe epilayers, respectively, regardless of the postannealing temperatures. The diode conduction in forward bias proceeds by the combination of thermionic and tunneling emission. C–V measurement proved the maximum doping concentration to be around 1017 cm−3 after ion implantation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366368
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen ion implanted ZnSe/GaAs p-i-n photodetectors (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 2328-2333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: p-i-n photodiodes were fabricated on nitrogen ion implanted undoped ZnSe/n-type ZnSe epilayers grown on n+GaAs (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. To obtain a quasi-uniform p layer doping profile, nitrogen ions at multiple energies and ion doses were implanted at room temperature. The activation of implanted species was carried out by an optimized post-annealing in a nitrogen ambient. Optical studies were performed on the implanted/annealed devices by photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K, which indicated donor–acceptor pairs at an energy of 2.7 eV and its phonon replicas with 30 meV intervals. The circular p-i-n diodes with a 1 mm diam contact area showed a device breakdown voltage to be linearly dependent on the thickness of the undoped ZnSe epilayer. For p-i-n diodes fabricated on an initial 0.5 μm thick undoped ZnSe layer, an ideality factor of 1.19 and a reverse bias breakdown voltage of 12 V was observed. A large photocurrent, good linearity with light intensity, and low dark current were observed. A photocurrent/dark current ratio 〉105 was obtained at an illumination intensity of 100 mW/cm2. These devices exhibited a responsivity of 0.025 A/W at a wavelength of 460 nm through the top 200 Å thick metal contacts.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368300
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and characterization of Zn1−xFexSe films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2270-2272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The epitaxial growth of the diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) Zn1−xFexSe (0〈x≤0.22) by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) is reported. The films were grown on (100) GaAs substrates in a vertical stagnation flow reactor with a specially designed inlet to minimize prereactions between the groups II and VI precursors. The precursors used in this study were (CH3)2Zn:N(CH2H5)3, Fe(CO)5, and H2Se diluted in H2 carrier gas. The epilayers were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, absorption, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS). Typical growth rates were from 3–4 μm/h, which are significantly higher than those obtained by molecular beam epitaxy. Thus, in addition to the growth of DMS multilayer structures, MOVPE appears to be very promising for efficient growth of thick DMS films for Faraday magneto-optical applications. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115881
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring electron transfer in real space in biased asymmetric double quantum wells using far-infrared cyclotron resonance (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 214-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements of electron transfer in real space in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs asymmetric double quantum wells under an electric field by far-infrared cyclotron resonance (CR). Due to nonparabolicity, the asymmetric quantum structure results in well-resolved CR lines, which allow contactless measurements of the electron density in each well. Our results show that electrons tunnel through the barrier from one well to the other at the level anticrossing of their ground states. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118361
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of flexible monocrystalline ZnSe-based foils and membranes (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1608-1610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the successful fabrication of flexible single crystal semiconductor structures. A highly selective etching solution allowed us to obtain large area foils and membranes of good structural integrity, using films of indium and silicone as flexible substrates. Photoluminescence and transmission measurements verified that the optical properties of these structures were preserved. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117046
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    n-type doping of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1−xMnxSe (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2412-2414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the intentional n-type doping of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1−xMnxSe using ZnCl2 as the dopant source. Samples with varying Mn concentrations and carrier densities were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized using Hall effect, x-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence measurements. Net carrier concentrations in excess of 1018 cm−3 are readily obtained for x≤0.08. Useful carrier densities can be achieved for Mn concentrations x≤0.15, above which the samples are highly insulating. The controlled doping of this alloy provides another material for use in the fabrication of wide gap semiconductor device structures. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113957
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatin and total intravenous anaesthesia (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the analgesic effects of somatostatin during surgery and its influence on the plasma glucose levels and the liver enzyme profile in 40 ASA 1 or 2 patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Each patient received either somatostatin bolus 3.5 μg.kg-1 intravenously plus an infusion of somatostatin 3.5 μg kg-1. h-1, or sodium chloride 0.9% as a placebo in a double-blind manner. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 1 mg.kg-1 followed by a continuous infusion of propofol in a stepwise declining regimen. Vecuronium was used for muscular relaxation. Fentanyl 100 jig was administered intravenously in bolus doses for analgesia during surgery as required. Blood samples were taken at Wmin pre-induction, 5 min postintubation, 5, 30, 60,120 min postincision and 30 min post-recovery for plasma glucose levels. Blood samples were also taken at 10 min pre-induction, 120min postincision and 24 h postoperatively for liver enzymes. The total requirement for fentanyl in the control group was significantly higher (p 〈 0.001) than in the group that received somatostatin. Eight out of 20patients in the study group required no additional analgesia intra-operatively. The changes in blood glucose values followed the same pattern in both groups. There was a tendency for liver enzymes to increase in both groups. Although this increase was less in the study group, this change was not statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb15110.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of premedication on heart rate variability (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Analysis of heart rate variability has been used to study the effects of midazolam, morphine and clonidine on the autonomic nervous system, when administered to patients for premedication. Ninety-five patients were studied 60 min before and 60 min after premedication. Normal saline (n = 25), midazolam 0.08 mgkg−1 (n = 24), morphine 0.15 mgkg−1 (n = 23), or clonidine 2 μgkg−1 (n = 23) were administered intramuscularly by random allocation. A Holter device was connected to the patient during the study period. Using power spectral analysis the low-frequency and high-frequency components were calculated from the Holter recordings. These are markers for sympathetic and parasympathetic activity respectively; the low- to high-frequency ratio was also calculated, a ratio of 〉1 signifying sympathetic dominance. A significant reduction was noticed in both low-frequency and high-frequency power in the three premedicated groups, whereas no changes were observed in the normal saline group. In the case of midazolam, both the low and high frequencies were decreased but the low- to high-frequency ratio did not change significantly. Morphine and clonidine depressed the low-frequency component more than the high-frequency component and the low- to high-frequency ratio was decreased, suggesting parasympathetic dominance. We conclude that heart rate variability may be a useful tool for investigating the effect of drugs on the autonomic nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00323.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthesia and the QT intervalEffects of isoflurane and halothane in unpremedicated children (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of isoflurane and halothane on the QT interval were investigated during induction of anaesthesia. Fifty-one unpremedicated, ASA grade 1 children were studied. Anaesthesia was induced with either isoflurane (n = 25) or halothane (n = 26) and was maintained to the end of the study with end-tidal concentrations of between 2.5% and 3%. Recordings of the electrocardiograph, heart rate and systolic arterial pressure were obtained at the following times: before induction of anaesthesia; 1 min and 3 min after stable end-tidal concentrations of anaesthetic agent had been reached; 1 min and 3 min following vecuronium administration; at the time of tracheal intubation and 1 min and 3 min later. Isoflurane significantly prolonged the QT interval (p 〈 0.001), in contrast to halothane which shortened it (p 〈 0.01). Heart rate remained largely unchanged during isoflurane anaesthesia but it decreased in the presence of halothane (p 〈 0.001). In both groups, systolic arterial pressure decreased significantly after induction of anaesthesia (p 〈 0.001) and remained so to the end of the study. In the isoflurane group, 12 children developed ECG repolarisation abnormalities and in one child an arrhythmia was noticed. In the halothane group, one child developed repolarisation changes while arrhythmias were observed in 10 children. There were no adverse sequelae. It is concluded that halothane may be a better anaesthetic agent than isoflurane for use in children with a prolonged QT interval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00376.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthesia for intra-peritoneal perfusion of hyperthermic chemotherapy Haemodynamic changes, oxygen consumption and delivery (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the intra-operative application of intraperitoneal perfusion of hyperthermic chemotherapy and its effects on cardiovascular status and oxygen consumption and delivery in 11 patients following laparotomy for surgical resection of recurrent tumours or peritoneal metastases. Closed peritoneal irrigation was carried out with perfusate at a temperature of 45–47°C. External cooling was applied during the procedure to prevent systemic hyperthermia. Data were collected 5 min before the commencement of the hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion, at 5, 30, 60 and 90 mm during perfusion and 5 min after perfusion was discontinued. During the hyperthermic perfusion period, the core body temperature increased significantly but remained within clinically acceptable values. Heart rate, central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly during perfusion; these returned to control values immediately after discontinuation of perfusion, except for the heart rate, which remained high. Mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption did not change significantly although a metabolic acidosis developed during the study period. These findings suggest that the intraperitoneal perfusion of hyperthermic chemotherapy may be safe in humans, provided that appropriate monitoring, cooling and technical support are applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14998.x
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