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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titanium cluster polymers as reactive ion etch barriers (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 7 (1995), S. 1534-1538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00056a020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the spirocyst tubule in black corals (Coelenterata: Antipatharia) and its taxonomic implications (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 125 (1996), S. 655-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spirocyst tubules in five shallow-water antipatharian species Antipathes pennacea, Antipathes sp. cf. salix, A. fiordensis, A. galapagensis, and Cirrhipathes luetkeni contain an electron-opaque, helically arranged structure, composed of four distinct and separate bundles of microfibril-like material. Each bundle appears to be solid, rather than hollow, and is enveloped by a sheath of lesser electron-opacity that is continuous with the pleats. Tubules from a more distantly related, deep-water antipatharian, are similarly configured but are composed of only three distinct bundles, separated from one another by electron-opaque sheath material. The bundles are electron-lucent; their substructure was not preserved because this specimen was prepared for microscopy after preservation in alcohol for 27 yr, apparently without initial fixation. Most other details of the spirocyst tubule and capsule can be determined from this museum specimen. The arrangement within the tubule of multiple bundles, clearly defined by sheaths, is structurally distinct from other zoantharian spirocysts, and appears to be unique to the Antipatharia. The tubule structure of the anemone Aiptasia sp., examined for comparison, is consistent with that of spirocysts from other actiniarians and zoantharians generally, including the appearance of electron-opaque rodlets within the tubule lumen. No substructural information was obtained from Aiptasia sp. rodlets. It is unclear whether the microfibrillar bundles of antipatharian spirocysts differ from those of other zoantharians by being more amenable to resolution, or if their tubule substructure is fundamentally distinct from those of more typical zoantharians. In terms of overall structure, Aiptasia sp. spirocyst tubules contain a single bundle of rodlets without a clearly defined sheath, in contrast to antipatharians which have three or four bundles, each clearly defined. These structural differences may be useful in determining relationships both within the Antipatharia, and between antipatharians and allied orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349247
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cardiac effects of terfenadine after inhibition of its metabolism by grapefruit juice (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 52 (1997), S. 311-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key wordsTerfenadine ; Grapefruit juice ; QT interval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine whether the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of terfenadine are affected by the concomitant administration of grapefruit juice. Methods: Six healthy volunteers were recruited for a balanced cross-over study. Each volunteer received 120 mg terfenadine 30 min after drinking 300 ml of either water or freshly squeezed grapefruit juice. The alternative treatment was administered on the second study day 2 weeks later. Measurements of the area under the terfenadine plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum terfenadine concentration (Cmax) and the time to maximum concentration (tmax) were made, and the corrected QT (QTc) interval was measured from the surface electrocardiogram. Results: Terfenadine was quantifiable in plasma in all 6 subjects on both study days for up to 24 h post-dosing. The AUC of terfenadine was significantly increased by concomitant grapefruit administration (median values 40.6 vs 16.3 ng · ml−1 · h), as was the Cmax (median values 7.2 vs 2.1 ng · ml−1). The tmax was not significantly increased and there was no significant change in the median QTc interval despite the increased terfenadine levels. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in the change in QTc interval at Cmax was −13 to +38 ms. Conclusion: Administration of grapefruit juice concomitantly with terfenadine may lead to an increase in terfenadine bioavailability, but the increase observed in this study did not lead to significant cardiotoxicity in normal subjects. However, this does not exclude the risk of cardiotoxicity in high-risk subjects given greater doses of grapefruit juice over longer periods of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050296
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for measurement of temperature based upon the electron Bernstein wave : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1018-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Most magnetically confined plasma devices cannot take advantage of standard electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics to measure temperature. They either operate at high density relative to their magnetic field (e.g., ωp(very-much-greater-than)Ωc in spherical tokamaks) or they do not have sufficient density and temperature to reach the blackbody condition (τ〉2). The standard ECE technique measures the electromagnetic waves emanating from the plasma. Here we propose to measure electron Bernstein waves (EBW) to ascertain the local electron temperature in these plasmas. The optical thickness of EBW is extremely high because it is an electrostatic wave with a large ki. For example, the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) will have an optical thickness τ(approximate)3000 and CDX-U will have τ(approximate)300. One can reach the blackbody condition with a plasma density (approximate)1011 cm−3 and Te(approximate)1 eV. This makes it attractive to most plasma devices. The serious issue with using EBW is the wave accessibility for the emission measurement. Simple accessibility arguments indicate the wave may be accessible by either direct coupling or mode conversion through an extremely narrow layer ((approximate)1–2 mm). EBW experiments on the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) will test the accessibility properties of the spherical tokamak configuration. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149464
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An optoelectronic thyristor-based analog-to-digital converter for parallel processing (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2372-2374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A single pixel optoelectronic analog-to-digital converter is described which is suitable for two-dimensional (2D) arrays as would be required for a digital optical signal processor. The conversion is based upon the use of an optoelectronic thyristor in the form of the double heterostructure optoelectronic switch as a comparator. Using the switch configured as a VCSEL and one field-effect transistor load device, the comparator delivers the binary output optically and, at the same time, provides an electrical output to combine with the input signal to determine the next lower order bit. The function is similar to the algorithmic electrical converter with several optoelectronic advantages. Resolution of 10 bits is expected at speeds of 100 MHz with scaled transistor technology. The compact size of the circuit and the algorithm suggest a viable approach for conversion of 2D data arrays in real time. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122464
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of bioassays with metsulfuron-methyl in soil (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 35 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A total of 74 independently run bioassays with soil incorporated metsulfuron-methyl from 12 different laboratories was analysed by a logistic dose-response curve to assess the precision of regression parameters and relate ED50 to soil properties. The potency in terms of ED50 of metsulfuron-methyl in Brassica rapa L., which was used by all laboratories, varied between 0.05 and 3.9 g a.i. ha-1. ED50 was negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with organic matter. The majority of laboratories had ED50 within the interval 0.1-1.0 g a.i. ha-1. At one laboratory using three test species, the most sensitive species was Beta vulgaris L. followed by Brassica rapa L. and Lepidium sativum L. The coefficients of variation were smallest for the ED50 and ED90 response levels and largest for the ED10. The slope of the response curves had considerably lower coefficients of variation than the EDs. The results are discussed in relation to a previous collaborative bioassay study. Finally it is suggested that standardization of bioassays with herbicides could be achieved in the same way as standardization of chemical analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1995.tb01784.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of particle transport barriers in reverse shear plasmas on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1832-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Perturbative experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [Phys. Plasmas 4, 1736 (1997)] (TFTR) have investigated transport in reverse shear plasmas. On TFTR, reverse magnetic shear plasmas bifurcate into two states with different transport properties: reverse shear (RS) and enhanced reverse shear (ERS) with improved core confinement. Measurements of the 14 MeV t(d,n)α neutrons and charge-exchange recombination radiation spectra are used to infer the trace tritium and helium profiles, respectively. The profile evolution indicate the formation of core particle transport barriers in ERS plasmas. The transport barrier is manifested by an order-of-magnitude reduction in the particle diffusivity (DT,DHe) and a smaller reduction in the pinch within the reverse shear region. The low diffusivities are consistent with neoclassical predictions. Furthermore, DT and DHe(approximate)χeff, the effective thermal diffusivity. Although the measured coefficients imply no helium ash accumulation, the situation is uncertain in a reactor due to unknown χeff scaling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872853
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neoclassical tearing modes in Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor experiments. I. Measurements of magnetic islands and Δ′ (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1076-1084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tearing-type modes are observed in most high confinement operation regimes in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Nucl. Fusion 35, 1429 (1995)]. Three different methods are used to measure the magnetic island widths: external magnetic coils, internal temperature fluctuation from electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics and an experiment where the plasma major radius is rapidly shifted ("Jog" experiments). A good agreement between the three methods is observed. Numerical and analytic calculations of Δ′ (the tearing instability index) are compared with an experimental measurement of Δ′ using the tearing mode eigenfunction mapped from the jog data. The obtained negative Δ′ indicates that the observed tearing modes cannot be explained by the classical current-gradient-driven tearing theory. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872627
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma diagnostics in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor using emission of electron cyclotron radiation at arbitrary frequencies (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2331-2336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Emission of cyclotron radiation at arbitrary wave frequency for diagnostic purposes is discussed. It is shown that the radiation spectrum at arbitrary frequencies is more informative than the first few harmonics and it is suited for diagnosis of superthermal electrons without any "ad hoc'' value of the wall reflection coefficient. Thermal radiation from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)] is investigated and it is shown that the bulk and the tail of the electron momentum distribution during strong neutral beam injection is a Maxwellian with a single temperature in all ranges of electron energies. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871915
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confinement and the safety factor profile (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1348-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conjecture that the safety factor profile, q(r), controls the improvement in tokamak plasmas from poor confinement in the Low- (L-) mode regime to improved confinement in the supershot regime has been tested in two experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Nucl. Fusion Res. 1, 51 (1987)]. First, helium was puffed into the beam-heated phase of a supershot discharge, which induced a degradation from supershot to L-mode confinement in about 100 ms, far less than the current relaxation time. The q and shear profiles measured by a motional Stark effect polarimeter showed little change during the confinement degradation. Second, rapid current ramps in supershot plasmas altered the q profile, but were observed not to change significantly the energy confinement. Thus, enhanced confinement in supershot plasmas is not due to a particular q profile, which has enhanced stability or transport properties. The discharges making a continuous transition between supershot and L-mode confinement were also used to test the critical-electron-temperature-gradient transport model. It was found that this model could not reproduce the large changes in electron and ion temperature caused by the change in confinement. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871788
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