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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 6423-6431 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Glycine; immunoregulation; anti-inflammatory; glycine receptor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of glycine and its pathophysiological applications are discussed in this review. Glycine has been well characterized in spinal cord as an inhibitory neurotransmitter which activates a glycine-gated chloride channel (GlyR) expressed in postsynaptic membranes. Activation of the channel allows the influx of chloride, preventing depolarization of the plasma membrane and the potentiation of excitatory signals along the axon. Glycine has recently been shown to have similar inhibitory effects on several white blood cells, including hepatic and alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Pharmacological analysis using a GlyR antagonist strychnine, chloride-free buffer, and radiolabeled chloride has provided convincing evidence to support the hypothesis that many white blood cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel with properties similar to the spinal cord GlyR. Molecular analysis using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting has identified the mRNA and protein for the β subunit of the GlyR in total RNA and purified membrane protein from rat Kupffer cells. Dietary glycine is protective in rat models against endotoxemia, liver ischemia-reperfusion, and liver transplantation, most likely by inactivating the Kupffer cell via this newly identified glycine-gated chloride channel. Glycine also prevents the growth of B16 melanomas cell in vivo. Moreover, dietary glycine is protective in the kidney against cyclosporin A toxicity and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glycine may be useful clinically for the treatment of sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, arthritis, and other diseases with an inflammatory component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Preliminary experiments have been carried out on the X27C R&D beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) to explore the potential improvement in contrast in breast imaging using monochromatic synchrotron x-rays [R. E. Johnson et al., SPIE (1995) (to be published)]. In our present study, images have been obtained of ACR, contrast detail and anthropomorphic phantoms at 16 to 24 keV. Phantom thickness varied from 42 to 80 mm. Synchrotron images using a Fuji image plate detector and standard mammographic film have been compared to each other and with conventionally produced images. The preliminary results show an improved contrast over the conventional images with lower absorbed dose in the phantoms. The image plate detector was used for our fist experiments because it was readily available and produces digital data. Experiments using an additional analyzer crystal as a scatter rejection element are also underway at the NSLS [D. Chapman, SRI ‘95 (these proceedings)]. We plan to evaluate a variety of detectors and monochromatic beam geometries in order to develop a system that optimizes mammography image contrast and spatial resolution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Synchrotron-based mammography imaging experiments have been performed with monochromatic x-rays in which a Laue crystal placed after the object being imaged has been used to split the beam transmitted through the object. The X27C R&D beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source was used with the white beam monochromatized by a double crystal Si(111) monochromator tuned to 18 keV. The imaging beam was a thin horizontal line approximately 0.5 mm high by 100 mm wide. Images were acquired in line scan mode with the phantom and detector both scanned together. The detector for these experiments was an image plate. A thin Si(111) Laue analyzer was used to diffract a portion of the beam transmitted through the phantom before the image plate detector. This "scatter free'' diffracted beam was then recorded on the image plate during the phantom scan. Since the thin Laue crystal also transmitted a fraction of the incident beam, this beam was also simultaneously recorded on the image plate. The imaging results are interpreted in terms of an x-ray schliere or refractive index inhomogeneities. The analyzer images taken at various points in the rocking curve will be presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have observed an extremely narrow absorption spectrum due to bound-to-continuum transition in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs). Its linewidth is only about one tenth of the values reported previously. Our calculation indicates that the broadening of the excited state in the continuum has little contribution to the absorption linewidth. We have grown a sample whose MQW region contains two kinds of wells with a minor thickness inhomogeneity. Its resultant absorption linewidth is six times as large as that of homogeneous well sample, which is in good agreement with our theoretical analysis. Thus we can suggest that the wider absorption spectra reported by many authors may be due to the well width inhomogeneity. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 449-451 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The molecule of the title compound, C10H4N2S6, is nearly planar except for the ethylene group. Intermolecular S...S interactions are found along the a axis in the crystal structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 212-214 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 3030-3033 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Liver transplantation ; rat ; free radicals ; Free radicals ; liver transplantation ; rat ; Adherent leukocytes ; free radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The production of free radicals in blood correlates with primary nonfunction of transplanted livers, but the source of the free radicals is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if adherent leukocytes in the transplanted liver are responsible for the radicals detected in blood. First, a new method to harvest adherent leukocytes from the liver without enzymatic digestion was developed and characterized by transplanting livers from ethanol-treated rats, which increases primary nonfunction, and from saline-treated controls. Free radicals were then detected in isolated leukocytes using the spin-trapping technique and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin spectroscopy. Livers were perfused with a balanced salt solution (200 ml), followed by a Ca2 + -free solution containing EGTA and heparin (400 ml). Perfusion with Ca2 + -free buffer removed greater than 90 % of all adherent leukocytes from saline-treated livers and nearly 80 % of all leukocytes from fatty livers without removing Kupffer cells. Transplanted fatty livers from rats given ethanol contained significantly more adherent leukocytes (5.0 × 107 cells/liver) than grafts from control donors (3.2 × 107 cells/liver) and almost double the number of adherent neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, adherent white blood cells from transplanted livers produced the same three free radical species that have been detected previously in blood; however, cells from ethanol-treated livers produced about five times more radical adducts. These data show that adherent white blood cells produce free radicals that are important in the mechanism of primary graft nonfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 49 (1997), S. 1221-1226 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: calcium cadmium acetate hexahydrate ; calcium copper acetate hexahydrate ; complexes ; thermal analysis ; thermal dehydration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behaviour of thermal dehydrations of isomorphous complexes of calcium copper acetate hexahydrate, CaCu(CH3CO2)4·6H2O and calcium cadmium acetate hexahydrate, CaCd(CH3CO2)4· 6H2O was studied by means of thermal analyses and X-ray structural analysis. The enthalpy changes for the dehydration of CaCu(CH3CO2)4·6H2O and CaCd(CH3CO2)4·6H2O were 315±9.7 and 295±8.0 kJ mol−1, respectively. The DSC curves of the dehydrations indicated that the seemingly simple dehydrations are more complex than they appear at first sight. Apparent activation energies for the dehydrations of CaCu(CH3CO2)4·6H2O and CaCd(CH3CO2)4·6H2O were 85.7±7.4 and 87.9±12.5 kJ mol−1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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