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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of branched liquid-crystalline polyethers containing cyclotetraveratrylene-based disk-like mesogens (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 1164-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00029a025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the antiulcer mechanisms of propanolol in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Propranolol ; Gastric damage ; Ethanol ; Indomethacin ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although propranolol has been shown to protect against enthanol and stress ulceration, the antiulcer mechanisms are still unclear. The present study examined the antiulcer mechanisms of propranolol in three different types of ulceration induced respectively by ethanol (60%), indomethacin (30 mg/kg) and stress (cold-restraint). Propranolol pretreatment in the highest dose (10 mg/kg) given either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.) prevented gastric mucosal damage in these three ulcer models. The three doses of the drug (2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased systemic blood pressure which was accompanied by a reduction of gastric mucosal blood flow. These findings suggest that the protection was unrelated to an improvement of local circulation in the stomach. However, propranolol preserved the mucus levels in the three types of ulcer models. The β-adrenoceptor blocker also increased the basal gastric mucosal potential difference. These findings indicate that propranolol strengthens the mucosal barrier by the preservation of mucosal mucus and enhancement of the mucosal integrity in the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252930
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds in gastric adaptive cytoprotection against ethanol-induced mucosal damage in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 242-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Adaptive cytoprotection ; Lesions ; Nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of the endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds (SH) in gastric adaptive cytoprotection was investigated in rats. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment significantly reduced mucosal SH level, and aggravated the mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol. Oral administration of the mild irritants, 20% ethanol, 5% NaCl or 0.3 M HCl, significantly increased the basal mucosal SH level. These agents also showed a cytoprotective action against the necrotizing effect of absolute ethanol. Administration of NEM did not alleviate this cytoprotective potential, although it abolished the increased SH level evoked by these mild irritants. Thus, it is concluded that modulation of endogenous SH by mild irritants perhaps only plays a minor role in the gastric adaptive cytoprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782975
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-regulation of mucosal nitric oxide and prostaglandin in gastric adaptive cytoprotection (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide — Prostaglandins — Adaptive cytoprotection — Ethanol — Gastric defense — Mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: The correlation between mucosal generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric adaptive cytoprotection was investigated.¶Materials and Treatment: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with either Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 12.5mg/kg i.v.) or indomethacin (5mg/kg s.c.). Following that, mild irritant 20% ethanol was administered, 15min prior to 100% ethanol challenge.¶Methods: Macroscopic gastric mucosal damage, NO synthase activity, mucosal PGE2 and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels were measured.¶Results: Administration of L-NAME and indomethacin significantly reduced the protective action of 20% ethanol against 100% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Besides, mucosal activity of constitutive NO (cNO) synthase, but not of the inducible isozyme (iNO synthase), was elevated following 20% ethanol treatment. This was accompanied by a reduction in mucosal leukotriene C4 level. Indomethacin significantly inhibited mucosal PGE2 biosynthesis but increased cNO synthase activity. Nevertheless, L-NAME reduced both cNO and iNO formation and prevented the increase in cNO formation caused by 20% ethanol, while enhancing mucosal PGE2 production. Combined L-NAME and indomethacin treatment markedly potentiated ethanol-induced mucosal damage, and completely prevented the increase in cNO or PGE2 biosynthesis when either compound was given alone.¶Conclusions: These findings suggest a co-regulatory relationship between mucosal NO and PG in the gastric defense system, which will be released after activation by the mild irritants to induce cytoprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050489
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of gastric emptying and mucosal folds in the adaptive cytoprotection of mild irritants in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 518-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Mild irritants ; Ethanol ; Gastric lesions ; Gastric emptying rate ; Mucosal folds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examines the involvement of gastric emptying and mucosal folds in the adaptive cytoprotection of different mild irritants against 100% ethanolinduced gastric mucosal damage. Pre-exposure to either 20% ethanol, 5% NaCl or 0.3M HCl significantly reduced the gastric mucosal damage caused by 100% ethanol in rats. Administration of either one of the three mild irritants increased the basal gastric residual volume and decreased the area occupied by gastric mucosal folds, but only 20% ethanol reduced the gastric emptying rate. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, s.c.) pretreatment did not affect ethanol ulceration and gastric emptying rate when given by itself, but reversed the flattening of mucosal folds produced by the three mild irritants, and abolished the protective effect of 20% ethanol. These results suggest that the gastric adaptive cytoprotection induced by the three mild irritants acts through luminal dilution of the noxious agent, possibly caused by gastric retention. The reduction of mucosal folds could also contribute to the anti-lesion action of 20% ethanol. It is therefore suggested that the protective actions of the three mild irritants act through different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01757355
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gastric cytoprotective action of adenosine and prostaglandin E2 in rabbits (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 42 (1994), S. 146-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Adenosine ; Prostaglandin E2 ; Gastric gland ; Damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The direct protective action of adenosine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was examined in an isolated gastric gland preparation in rabbits. Ethanol, (8%, v/v) incubation markedly increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and number of non-viable glands in the preparation. Both effects were prevented by PGE2 preincubation in a concentration (10−6, 1.4×10−5 or 2.8×10−5 M)-dependent manner. The protective action was smaller in adenosine-treated groups, and yet the highest concentration (10−4 M) of the compound also significantly inhibited the cytotoxic effects of ethanol. These findings indicate that both adenosine and PGE2 possess cytoprotective action on gastric glands in rabbits, but the former compound exerts its action beyond physiological concentrations. It is concluded that endogenous PGE2, but not adenosine may act as an ulcer modulator in the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983481
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of chronic nicotine treatment on stress-induced gastric ulceration and emptying rate in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 389-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Nicotine ; cold-restraint stress ; gastric ulcers and motility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten-day treatment with nicotine, (5, 25 or 50 μg/ml drinking water) dose-dependently intensified gastric ulceration induced by cold-restraint, and emptying rate. Stomach contractions produced by graded doses of bethanechol i.v. were elevated further by nicotine treatment. It is suggested that chronic nicotine administration produces hypersensitivity of the gastric muscarinic receptors; stomach hypermotility contributes to the ulcer-worsening action of the alkaloid
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923437
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic neuropathy, QT interval lengthening, and unexpected deaths in male diabetic patients (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 182-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; autonomic neuropathy ; QT interval ; sudden death ; autonomic function tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary QT intervals were measured over RR intervals ranging from 500 ms to 1000 ms in 13 normal male subjects, 13 male diabetic subjects without and 13 with autonomic neuropathy. There was a close linear relationship between QT and RR in all subjects. The slope of the regression line was significantly greater in the autonomic neuropathy group than the normal group. Thirty-two male diabetic subjects with varying degrees of autonomic dysfunction had repeat QT measurements 3 (range 2–6) years later. QT and QTC lengthened significantly at the second visit, unrelated to age or time between recordings, but which corresponded with changes in autonomic function. Of 71 male diabetic subjects under 60 years followed for 3 years, 13 had died, 8 unexpectedly. Of those with autonomic neuropathy, QT and QTC were significantly longer in those who subsequently died, despite similar ages and duration of diabetes. We conclude that QT/RR interval relationships are altered in diabetic autonomic neuropathy, and that changes in QT length with time parallel changese in autonomic function. There may be an association between QT interval prolongation and the risk of dying unexpectedly in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418273
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular-level description of temperature and pressure effects on the viscosity of water (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 10171-10176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The steep non-Arrhenius temperature dependence at low temperatures of the shear viscosity of water and its backwards-sounding increased fluidity under pressure for temperatures below 33 °C are two of the anomalies of this liquid that have been known for a very long time. The purpose of the present paper is to show how these two important characteristics of water emerge quantitatively from an explicit two-state outer-neighbor mixture model that we have used to explain many other properties of this substance. It will be shown here that both of these viscosity anomalies are directly related to the steep variations with temperature and pressure of the fractional compositions of ice-Ih-type bonding and ice-II-type bonding in the two-state mixture. This compositional dependence has already been obtained in earlier work from the variations of the density and the isothermal compressibility of water with temperature. The viscosity analysis presented here thus helps to unify further all the properties of this liquid under a single, very simple structural characteristic. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480367
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemistry of adsorbed molecules. IX. Ultraviolet photodissociation and photoreaction of HBr on LiF(001) (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 1361-1377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dynamics of the UV photochemistry of HBr on LiF(001) has been studied by angle-resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry in ultra-high vacuum. Single-photon photodissociation of adsorbed HBr at 193 nm resulted in photofragment translational energy distributions that differed from those produced in the gas-phase photolysis. Angular distributions of the fast H-atom photofragments peaked at 55±5° to the surface normal, consistent with a preferentially oriented adsorbate geometry. The angular distribution of atomic H obtained from photodissociation of HBr(ad) using polarized light indicated that a substantial fraction of the H atoms collided with the surface before leaving it. Two types of photoreactions in the adsorbed state were observed. Molecular hydrogen was formed in the photoinitiated abstraction reaction, H+HBr(ad)→H2(g)+Br, and its markedly non-Boltzmann translational energy distribution was found to have less energy than would be consistent with gas-phase experiments (performed elsewhere). Photoproducts from the bimolecular reaction 2HX(ad)→H2+X2, X=Cl, Br were also observed in the present study. This photoreaction, which did not depend on prior photodissociation of HX(ad), is thought to proceed through electronic excitation of an HX dimer in the adsorbed state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.461118
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