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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of mycelial development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using image analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Image analysis ; Glomus spp ; Extraradical mycelium ; Hyphal extraction ; Hyphal lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative and reproducible information concerning the development of the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is lacking due to the difficulties in extracting, identifying and estimating hyphal lengths. In this study, using a rhizobox growth system, the lengths of hyphae of AMF estimated using an image analysis system were not significantly different from data obtained by a trained observer using a modified grid-line intersect method. The assessment of lengths of hyphae on membrane filters or slides was, however, much quicker using image analysis, and allowed the complete sample to be quantified, unlike the grid-line method where a limited number of fields of view are assessed. The image analysis procedure is objective, observer-independent and less laborious than the manual method of assessment. Of the four different methods of sample preparation compared, membrane filter methods were found to be the most appropriate for quantitative sampling from three non-soil substrates. Glomus monosporum (UKC M3) produced twice as much extraradical mycelium and hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root than G. geosporum (BEG 11) on both leek and linseed in a durite sand at final harvest (63 days). Both AMF also produced more hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root on linseed than on leek. The spatial distribution of both AMF, however, was similar in durite sand and no correlation with levels of NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus was noted. In a third experiment, with G. manihotis (UKC INDO-1) colonising a tropical forage legume, Pueraria phaseoloides, in two other growth substrates, a different pattern of development of the extra-radical mycelium was observed. Because of a higher content of particulate matter, which collected on the membrane filters, the extraction technique had to be modified to give optimal performance of the image analysis system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202341
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of mycelial development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using image analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Image analysis ; Glomus spp. ; Extraradical mycelium ; Hyphal extraction ; Hyphal lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative and reproducible information concerning the development of the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is lacking due to the difficulties in extracting, identifying and estimating hyphal lengths. In this study, using a rhizobox growth system, the lengths of hyphae of AMF estimated using an image analysis system were not significantly different from data obtained by a trained observer using a modified grid-line intersect method. The assessment of lengths of hyphae on membrane filters or slides was, however, much quicker using image analysis, and allowed the complete sample to be quantified, unlike the grid-line method where a limited number of fields of view are assessed. The image analysis procedure is objective, observer-independent and less laborious than the manual method of assessment. Of the four different methods of sample preparation compared, membrane filter methods were found to be the most appropriate for quantitative sampling from three non-soil substrates. Glomus monosporum (UKC M3) produced twice as much extraradical mycelium and hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root than G. geosporum (BEG 11) on both leek and linseed in a durite sand at final harvest (63 days). Both AMF also produced more hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root on linseed than on leek. The spatial distribution of both AMF, however, was similar in durite sand and no correlation with levels of NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus was noted. In a third experiment, with G. manihotis (UKC INDO-1) colonising a tropical forage legume, Pueraria phaseoloides, in two other growth substrates, a different pattern of development of the extraradical mycelium was observed. Because of a higher content of particulate matter, which collected on the membrane filters, the extraction technique had to be modified to give optimal performance of the image analysis system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050046
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fungicides on three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 120-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Fungicides ; Glomus spp. ; Spore germination ; Root infection ; Carbendazim ; Tridemorph ; Propiconazole ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of field application rates of three fungicides on spore germination and root infection in three species of Glomus. Bavistin (carbendazim) prevented germination of spores of G. monosporum and G. mosseae whereas Calixin (tridemorph) had no effect. Tilt Turbo (propiconazole) inhibited spore germination less than Bavistin. Spores of G. geosporum germinated in the presence of all three fungicides. Foliar applications of Bavistin alone and in a triple-spray programme significantly reduced infection of all three Glomus species in wheat roots grown in conditions of low P availability (2 mg P 1−1). Two fungicides with triazole derivatives, Sportak and Tilt Turbo, also decreased infection and the former significantly reduced spore production of all three Glomus species. Calixin-treated plants, however, showed increased infection levels, resulting in greater yields and greater foliar-P concentrations than control plants. Milgo (ethirimol) was not detrimental to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) symbiosis when applied as a foliar spray.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292569
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of herbicides on three vesicular-arbuscular fungi associated with winter wheat (Riticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Herbicides ; Wheat ; Glomus spp. ; Spore germination ; Root infection ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Bifenox ; Mecoprop ; Difenzoquat methyl sulphate ; Chlortoluron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of field application rates of four herbicides (Avenge, Ceridor, Dicurane, and Harrier) on spore germination and infection of wheat roots by three species of Glomus grown under conditions of low P availability. Low concentrations of Ceridor (bifenox, mecoprop) and Harrier (mecoprop, ioxynil, clopyralid) inhibited spore germination while higher concentrations were stimulatory. Avenge (difenzoquat methyl sulphate) prevented spore germination completely, while Dicurane (chlortoluron) had no effect. The herbicide applications had no significant effect on the infection rates of any of the three fungi except Harrier on G. geosporum. The herbicide treatments did, however, affect plant growth and ear yields. Ceridor and Harrier increased ear yields, while Dicurane showed marked phytotoxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292568
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to comments of Truhlar and Chesnavich–Bowers (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 2169-2170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448358
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre- and post-harvest control of mango anthracnose in the Philippines (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two field trials were conducted in the Philippines in successive years to compare the effectiveness of different pre- and post-harvest treatments on the development of anthracnose on mango fruits caused by Colletoirichum gloeosporioides. In one experiment, the pre-harvest application of benomyl (250 mg/l a.i.) significantly reduced the number of conidia sampled in tree canopies compared with control trees (no fungicide) and was associated with a significant reduction in the post-harvest development of anthracnose on fruits. A hot-benomyl dip (850 mg/l a.i. at 52 55 C for 10 min) completely eradicated anthracnose on fruit treated on the day of harvest. In a second experiment, pre-harvest applications of prochloraz (500 mg/l a.i.) either within a pre-planned spray schedule or applied strategically (when 18 h or more continual leaf wetness was recorded by a sensor placed within a tree canopy) gave the best control of anthracnose on fruits. A hot-benomyl dip was again the most effective post-harvest treatment for fruit treated on the day of harvest and on the day after. There was no significant difference, however, between hot-benomyl dips or prochloraz dips (500 mg/l a.i. for 10 min) at ambient temperatures when fruit were treated on the third day after harvest. The implications of these results for the production and treatment of Carabao mangoes in the Philippines are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02422.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of climatic factors on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, causal agent of mango anthracnose, in the Philippines (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The epidemiology of the anthracnose pathogen of mango, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was studied over two growing seasons in the Philippines. This pathogen spreads within tree canopies as water-borne conidia during rainfall, and causes symptoms on young flush leaves, flowers and fruit. Infection studies with leaves and fruit incubated at different temperatures and humidities led to the derivation of a logistic regression model of the percentage of conidia forming appressoria. This model was compared with a similarly derived model from work in Australia; it appeared that the Philippine isolates of C. gloeosporioides were adapted to the higher mean temperatures of the Philippines. Conidia were observed to germinate and form appressoria at relative humidities (RH) between 95 and 100%, even though free surface moisture was only visible at 100% RH. This model was used retrospectively to estimate infection levels in two field trials which had been established to compare pre- and post-harvest practices in the control of the disease. Using this information to plan applications of a curative fungicide might have resulted in four fewer sprays in the first trial and one less in the second, compared with the standard protective spray programme employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02421.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biology and control of Colletotrichum species on tropical fruit crops (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 39 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1990.tb02512.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The value of the monoclonal antibody (cancer antigen 125) in serial monitoring of ovarian cancer: a comparison with circulating immune complexes (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 92 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The use of circulating immune complexes and a commercial monocolonal antibody to ovarian cancer (CA125 kit) in monitoring progress in patients with ovarian cancer has been assessed. While changes in immune complexes were apparent in some patients with active progression of disease, the marked change in values and linear trend make the use of CA125 a useful clinical marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb03003.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 13 (1990), S. 227-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.001303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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