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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of molecular orientation in polymeric products by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using diffuse reflectance optics (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 4278-4280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00015a008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ratio between large and small carboxy-terminal molecular forms of cholecystokinin in brains of different species (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1240-1241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin ; radioimmunoassay ; species difference ; molecular heterogeneity ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ratio between large and small carboxy-terminal forms of cholecystokinin in brain extracts from man, pig, dog, rat, chicken, frog and trout was determined by two sequence-specific radioimmunoassays. It was found that the relative amounts of large forms of cholecystokinin; are higher in mammalian brain than in brains of lower species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946403
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Gallbladder emptying, hyperglycaemia, cholecystokinin, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, autonomic neuropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing gallstones. This has been attributed, among other factors, to alterations in gallbladder motility in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Since high blood glucose concentrations impair gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we have investigated the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility. Seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied twice during euglycaemia (blood glucose 5 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemia (blood glucose 15 mmol/l) using a clamp technique. In addition, seven healthy volunteers were studied during euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of step-wise increasing doses of cholecystokinin-33, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1, each dose for 30 min. Mean basal gallbladder volumes were not significantly different in the four experiments. Administration of cholecystokinin resulted in significant (p 〈0.05) dose-dependent reductions in gallbladder volume in all experiments. During euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in diabetic patients was not significantly different from the control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the diabetic patients was significantly (p 〈0.05) reduced compared to euglycaemia only during infusion of 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 of cholecystokinin (19±6 % vs 33±6 %). Compared to euglycaemia, during hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the control subjects was significantly (p 〈0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 of cholecystokinin (14±4 % vs 31±3 %; 42±6 % vs 65±5 %; 74±4 % vs 90±3 %, respectively). It is concluded that during euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin in Type 1 diabetic patients is not significantly different from control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit·kg−1·h−1 cholecystokinin, leading to cholecystokinin levels as observed after ingestion of a light meal, is significantly reduced in Type 1 diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 75–81]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050075
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Gallbladder emptying ; hyperglycaemia ; cholecystokinin ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; autonomic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing gallstones. This has been attributed, among other factors, to alterations in gallbladder motility in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Since high blood glucose concentrations impair gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we have investigated the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gallbladder motility. Seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied twice during euglycaemia (blood glucose 5 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemia (blood glucose 15 mmol/l) using a clamp technique. In addition, seven healthy volunteers were studied during euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Gallbladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of step-wise increasing doses of cholecystokinin-33, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1, each dose for 30 min. Mean basal gallbladder volumes were not significantly different in the four experiments. Administration of cholecystokinin resulted in significant (p〈0.05) dose-dependent reductions in gallbladder volume in all experiments. During euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in diabetic patients was not significantly different from the control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the diabetic patients was significantly (p〈0.05) reduced compared to euglycaemia only during infusion of 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 of cholecystokinin (19±6% vs 33±6%). Compared to euglycaemia, during hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in the control subjects was significantly (p〈0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 of cholecystokinin (14±4% vs 31±3%; 42±6% vs 65±5%; 74±4% vs 90±3%, respectively). It is concluded that during euglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to cholecystokinin in Type 1 diabetic patients is not significantly different from control subjects. During hyperglycaemia the gallbladder contraction in response to 0.25 Ivy Dog Unit · kg−1 · h−1 cholecystokinin, leading to cholecystokinin levels as observed after ingestion of a light meal, is significantly reduced in Type 1 diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428781
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological role of cholecystokinin on postprandial insulin secretion and gastric meal emptying in man. Studies with the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist loxiglumide (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 721-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin blocker ; plasma glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; plasma cholecystokinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholecystokinin was previously proposed to play an important role in the regulation of postprandial insulin secretion either indirectly, by inhibiting gastric meal emptying, or directly, by acting as an incretin promoting the release of insulin. The aim of this investigation was therefore to clarify the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in the regulation of insulin release and gastric emptying applying the highly potent and specific cholecystokinin receptor antagonist loxiglumide. Five healthy volunteers were examined after an overnight fast. Gastric meal emptying was measured by the double indicator technique using a multiple lumen tube in the duodenum and 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate as a meal marker and polyethylene glycol 4000 as a duodenal perfusion marker. Postprandial insulin, C-peptide, cholecystokinin and glucose levels were measured after ingestion of two isocaloric meals of a) Ensure (containing fat, protein and glucose), and b) a pure glucose meal (1.11 mol/l). The meals were given either with an intravenous infusion of loxiglumide (22 μmol·kg−1·h−1) or placebo. The infusion of loxiglumide markedly accelerated the gastric emptying of the mixed meal (area under curve, 5576±352 min vs 3498±109 min; p〈0.001) and the pure glucose meal (area under curve 5662±537 min vs 3551±534 min; p〈0.05). Simultaneously, loxiglumide induced a more rapid rise in postprandial insulin levels after both meals resulting in significantly higher (p〈0.05) insulin levels during the first postprandial hour, but similar insulin levels in the second postprandial hour. Accordingly, we found a close correlation between meal emptying and insulin release (r=0.748, p〈0.01). Integrated insulin and C-peptide levels for the whole 2-h experimental period tended to be higher during loxiglumide infusion, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Similar plasma glucose levels at all time periods were observed with and without loxiglumide infusion. Higher cholecystokinin levels were measured during loxiglumide infusion after the mixed (p〈0.01) and the pure dextrose (p〈0.05) meals. We conclude that postprandially released cholecystokinin exerts an important role in the regulation of gastric meal emptying and consecutively the postprandial pattern of insulin release. In contrast, no evidence was found for an insulinotropic role for cholecystokinin in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401517
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of short-term omeprazole administration of serum pepsinogens in relation to fasting serum gastrin and gastric acid secretion (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: omeprazole ; pepsinogen A ; pepsinogen C ; fasting serum gastrin ; pentagastrin ; gastric-acid ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study has been done in 10 male healthy volunteers of the effect of oral omeprazole 20 mg daily for 3 days on the serum concentrations of Pepsinogens A and C in relation to changes in fasting serum gastrin and basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid output. The concentrations of Pepsinogens A and C showed concomitant and variable but significant increases, and the Pepsinogen A, C ratio did not change during the 3-day course of omeprazole. The increments were also significantly correlated with the increase in fasting serum gastrin and with the reduction in pentagastrin stimulated acid output. The correlations were mainly due to the marked inhibition of gastric acid secretion and the corresponding increases in serum gastrin and Pepsinogens A and C in two subjects, as in the other 8 subjects the changes were only modest. There appears to be a relationship, therefore, between the degree of inhibition of acid by omeprazole and the parallel increases in both serum pepsinogens and fasting gastrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558498
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of loxiglumide (CR-1505) on bombesin- and meal-stimulated plasma cholecystokinin in man (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cholecystokinin ; loxiglumide ; CCK-receptor antagonist ; bombesin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholecystokinin (CCK)-receptor antagonists have been reported to inhibit the effects of the hormone on the gastrointestinal tract. Their effect on plasma CCK levels in man has not been described. The present study in 5 normal subjects demonstrated that i.v. infusion of the potent, specific CCK-receptor antagonist loxiglumide (CR 1505) significantly augmented plasma CCK levels during infusion of bombesin (402 pM per 30 min) and after administration of a meal (1390 pM per 300 min) when compared to the bombesin- (192 pM per 30 min) and meal- (886 pM per 300 min) stimulated CCK responses during infusion of saline. The basal plasma CCK during saline infusion (0.1 pM per 40 min) was not significantly influenced by CR 1505 (−1.8 pM per 40 min). Thus, both enteral (meal) and parenteral (bombesin) stimulation of CCK secretion are augmented by CCK-receptor blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315577
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of single- and multiple-dose omeprazole treatment on nifedipine pharmacokinetics and effects in healthy subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nifedipine ; omeprazole ; absorption ; gastric pH ; pharmacokinetic ; drug interaction ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of single dose (20 mg) and short-term (20 mg/day for 8 days) oral treatment with omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics and effects of oral nifedipine (10 mg capsule) and on gastric pH have been investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in 10 non-smoking healthy male subjects. The single dose of omeprazole had no significant effect on any pharmacokinetic parameter of nifedipine, nor on gastric pH, or blood pressure or heart rate. Short-term omeprazole treatment increased the AUC of nifedipine by 26% (95% confidence interval 9–46%), but all other pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine, including elimination half-life, Cmax, tmax, and recovery of the main urinary metabolite, were not significantly changed. The median gastric pH during the absorption phase of nifedipine was increased by short-term omeprazole (pH 4.2) compared to placebo treatment (pH 1.4). Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ between treatments. The interaction between nifedipine and omeprazole is not likely to be of major clinical relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266355
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intraneoplastic chemotherapy in a rat brain tumour model utilizing methotrexate-polymethylmethacrylate-pellets (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 87 (1987), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Rat brain glioma ; intraneoplastic methotrexate treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an experimental glioma model, using ethylnitrosourea induced and subsequently intracerebrally implanted tumours in BD-IX rats, the effectiveness of intratumoural application of methotrexate (MTX) by stereotactic implantation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) pellets containing MTX, has been studied. Tumour volume 10 days after pellet implantation as well as survival rates of treated, untreated and control animals have been the criteria of the effect of treatment. Tumour volume was significantly smaller in treated compared to untreated animals. The survival rate of untreated to treated animals increased 150 and 233% respectively when compared with the control animals. Thus a positive therapeutic effect of MTX-PMMA pellet implantation in the experimental glioma could be proven. Possible consequences for the treatment of human gliomas are shortly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02076020
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemicranial attacks or permanent hemicrania — a sequel of upper cervical root compression (1989)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 9 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: After many years of unsuccessful conservative treatment 16 patients suffering from hemicrania are relieved of their pain or are improved by operative treatment. Hemicranial attacks or permanent hemicrania is found to be caused by upper cervical nerve root compression. Vascular compression of C2 (n = 9) or scar tissue surrounding C2 (n = 1) or C3 (n = 1) is the pathology identified in cases of cervicogenic headache or “cluster headache-like” headache. Compression attributable to tumor, prolapsed disc, or spondylotic changes is found to be a cause of permanent headache. Only in those patients with permanent headache are radiological or electrophysiological findings helpful for diagnosis. In patients with hemicranial attacks and compression of nerve root C2 (n = 10) or C3 (n = 1), only vasoactive tests (provoking or relieving pain) or local anaesthesia prove to be helpful in diagnosing and localizing the origin of pain. The operation involves freeing the nerve roots from vascular compression. In two patients the C2 ganglion is resected. Thirteen patients subsequently become pain free. In three patients, hemicrania improves. Four of the 16 patients experience a recurrence of pain after the decompressive operation. After additional thermorhizotomy two patients have no further complaints and one patient has improved. One patient can tolerate his pain with occasional analgesics. The problem of referred pain into the fronto-ocular region is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1989.0902123.x
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