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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Monoclonal islet cell surface antibodies (mcICSA) ; anti-islet cell toxicity ; application in vivo ; pancreatic insulin content ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two monoclonal Beta-cell surface antibodies M10H6 und K14D10 were obtained by fusion of spleen cells of Balb/c mice with the myeloma cell line P30. The monoclonal antibody M10H6 was induced by immunization with rat insulinoma cells finally boostered with disintegrated rat islets, whereas the K14D10 was generated after immunization with porcine proinsulin. Both monoclonals belong to the IgG2A isotype and were screened with insulin-producing rat insulinoma cells by an indirect immunofluorescence test as well as by a cellular enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition to the cell surface binding on living Beta cells the monoclonals react with islets on cryostat sections of rat pancreas. The anti-islet cytotoxic potential of these monoclonals was measured by 51Chromium-release in the presence of complement or Fc-receptor bearing leucocytes using 51Chromium-labelled rat islet cells as target. Both antibody secreting hybridomas were propagated in syngeneic mice resulting in high levels of islet cell surface antibodies in ascites and sera from the recipient. High anti-islet cytotoxicity was mediated by ascites fluid, but no mouse developed hyperglycaemia. Furthermore, the repeated injections of the monoclonals into rats did not exert a diabetogenic action and failed to reduce the pancreatic insulin content although the attraction of the K14D10 to the pancreatic islets in vivo could be demonstrated. We conclude that islet cell surface antibody-mediated Beta-cell lysis in vitro may not be relevant to Beta-cell destruction in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 163-165 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; rat ; autoimmunization ; streptozotocin ; polyclonal lymphocyte activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The non-specific activation of the immune system by administration of complete Freund's adjuvant was examined in Wistar rats as a possible means of amplification of the specific immune response directed to pancreatic β cells caused by low dose non-diabetogenic multiple injections of streptozotocin. Rats were given intraperitoneally 0.5 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant to induce polyclonal lymphocyte activation and, 1 day later, the animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight (group 1). This combined treatment was given twice at weekly intervals. In two further groups, rats were treated with complete Freund's adjuvant alone (group 2) or streptozotocin alone (group 3) with the same doses and at the same times. Only the rats in group 1 developed delayed but severe and persistent hyperglycaemia. In addition, significant complement-dependent cytotoxicity was detected in nine out of 15 rats (60%) in group 1 in islet cells, but not in spleen lymphocytes. The pancreatic insulin content of the rats in group 1 was depleted by up to 3.1 ± 0.5%. With these experiments, a new animal model for insulin-dependent diabetes is described; complete Freund's adjuvant/streptozotocin diabetes. In many aspects, this model of diabetes parallels the development of insulin-dependent diabetes in man, including the humoral autoimmunity to islet cell antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 229 (1983), S. 237-245 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Disability evaluation ; Isoniazid ; Huntington's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über 11 Patienten mit Huntingtonscher Krankheit berichtet, die in hoher Dosierung Isoniazid erhielten. Neben der klinischen Beurteilung erfolgte eine Quantifizierung des Behinderungsgrades. 4 Patienten wiesen eine eindeutige Besserung der Symptome und eine Abnahme der Behinderung auf. Ein Patient mit der rigiden Form (Westphal-Variante) verschlechterte sich und die restlichen 6 Patienten zeigten keine Änderung des Zustandsbildes. Es scheint, daß besonders die Patienten auf die Isoniazidtherapie ansprechen, bei denen die psychische Beeinträchtigung im Vordergrund steht.
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients with Huntington's disease were treated with high doses of isoniazid. In addition to the clinical assessment, the functional capacity was evaluated quantitatively. The symptoms of four of the patients showed a marked improvement and their functional capacity increased. The condition of one patient with the rigid form (Westphal's variant) deteriorated, and the remaining six patients showed no change. Patients with prominent mental disturbances appeared to respond best to isoniazid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Diabetes-prone BB rats ; Displacement ; Human diabetic sera ; Monoclonal islet cell reactive autoantibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two fusion experiments using the heteromyeloma cell line CB-F7 and splenocytes from two diabetesprone BB (BioBreeding) rats at the onset of diabetes resulted in 128 islet cell reactive autoantibodies primarily detected with permeabilized insulin-producing rat insulinoma cells (RIN) by a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventy-nine (62%) of 128 RIN cell reactive supernatants exhibited a cross-reactivity with rat splenic lymphocytes. Six stable hybridomas secreting monoclonal ICSA (islet cell surface antibodies) were established, but only one monoclonal antibody, R4B10, showed preferential beta-cell binding. Six monoclonal antibodies showed a dual reactivity as ICA (islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies) detected by immunostaining of pancreatic islet cryosections and as ICSA on the surface of viable islet cells, whereas two reacted only with an ICA-like pattern. One monoclonal ICSA was specifically displaced from the RIN cell surface by sera of type 1 diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-5411
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The forward2H(γ,p)n cross section was measured at 7.2 and 8.5 MeV photon energy. The new absolute values confirm the theoretically predicted presence of a minimum in this cross section. A discrimination is made between the results from various theoretical descriptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.20.Ht ; 72.80.Sk ; 78.30.Ly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this contribution we have studied the key electrical parameters of silica aerogels and of silica-aerogel-based composites, namely the dielectric constants ɛ, the dielectric losses tan δ (at 1 kHz), and the breakdown fields E b (at 50 Hz). For low-density bulk silica aerogels we find ɛ=1.25 and tan δ=0.0005. E b is about 500 kV/cm in quasi-homogeneous fields, and of the order of MV/cm in strongly inhomogeneous fields. The dielectric constants of partially densified aerogels increase linearly with density; their dielectric losses are relatively large and their breakdown fields are comparativiely low. The same results are found for aerogels in the form of settled materials, i.e. aerogel granules and powders in air. Acrylate-based aerogel composites with volume fractions larger than 70% have low dielectric constants but their losses are at least 10 times higher than those of low-density aerogels. These materials sustain high local fields in the MV/cm region, while in quasihomogeneous fields, breakdown occurs at about 100 kV/cm. Based on the present results and the interplay with other physical properties (low mechanical resistance, low thermal conductivity, adsorption of water, etc.), silica aerogels and silica aerogel-acrylate-based composites are predicted to have a low potential for electrical insulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 15 (1982), S. 95-110 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using a transmission type polarimeter, an asymmetry has been found that can be ascribed to a circularly polarized component in the bremsstrahlung beam of unpolarized relativistic electrons from the Mainz electron linac, in the region of electron energiesE el between 140 and 400 MeV. The experiment is described in detail. Systematical errors are discussed. For a comparison with electroweak theory, an exact calculation for small photon emission angles (of the order ofm c 2/E el) is needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 139-140 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Molekulargewichten ; Sedimentationsgeschw., Ultrazentrifuge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 28 (1990), S. 297-300 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of both hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon vinyl polymers containing the SF5 group have been accomplished by the reaction of elemental fluorine with poly (S-vinyl-O-t-butylthiocar bonate(. The resulting linear polymers have pendant SF5 groups with similar structures to polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 600 (1991), S. 239-248 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cyano-elpasolites ; bis(-tetramethylammonium) alkali hexacyanometallates ; preparation ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetragonal Cyano-Elpasolites: The Crystal Structures of [N(CH3)4]2KMn(CN)6 and [N(CH3)4]2RbCo(CN)6The tetragonal bis(-tetramethylammonium)-alkali-hexacyanometallates [N(CH3)4]2KMn(CN)6 (a = 884.8(2), c = 1222.2(6) pm) and [N(CH3)4]2RbCo(CN)6 (a = 884.7(1), c = 1233.1(2) pm) were prepared in the form of single crystals and their structures determined by X-ray methods (wR = 0.050 and 0.047 for 486 and 463 independent reflections, respectively; space group 14/m, Z = 2). The average distances in the resulting elpasolite structure, which is but slightly tetragonally distorted by small ferro-rotative displacements of the [M(CN6]3-) octahedra (Mn—C = 201.8, C—N = 115.6, K—N = 307.1 pm resp. Co—C = 190.7, C—N = 114.8, Rb—N = 320.1 pm), seem a bit enlarged if compared to related cyano complexes. Reasons for this are discussed using a tolerance factor concept for cyanoepasolites.
    Notes: Die tetragonalen Bis(-tetramethylammonium)-Alkali-Hexacyanometallate [N(CH3)4]2KMn(CN)6 (a = 884.8(2), c = 1222,2(6) pm) und [N(CH3)4]2RbCo(CN)6 (a = 884,7(1), c = 1233,1(2) pm) wurden in Form von Einkristallen dargestellt und röntgenographisch ihre Strukturen bestimmt (wR = 0,050 bzw. 0,047 für 486 bzw. 463 unabhängige Reflexe; Raumgruppe 14/m, Z = 2). Die mittleren Abstände in der resultierenden Elpasolithstruktur, die durch geringe ferrorotative Drehung der [M(CN)6]3--Oktaeder nur wenig tetragonal verzerrt ist (Mn—C = 201,8, C—N = 115,6, K—N = 307,1 pm bzw. Co—C = 190,7, C—N = 114,8, Rb—N = 320,1 pm), erscheinen leicht vergrößert im Vergleich zu Werten die in verwandten Cyanokomplexen beobachtet wurden. Gründe dafür werden im Rahmen einer Toleranzfaktorbetrachtung für Cyano-Elpasolithe diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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