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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary human cytomegalovirus infection ; IgE antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Renal transplant recipients ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antibody capture assay using an enzyme-linked human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antigen for the detection of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was established. IgG, M, and E responses to HCMV were studied in 497 sera obtained from 44 renal transplant recipients and 51 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The results were compared with those obtained from 58 HCMV-seropositive healthy individuals. HCMV-specific IgE was detected in 11 (91.7%) renal transplant recipients with primary HCMV infection. In contrast, antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes were detected in only 6 (50.0%) of these patients. Specific IgE was detected in 10 (90.9%) out of 11 renal allograft recipients suffering from secondary HCMV infection. Significant IgG titer rises and IgM were detected in 2 (18.2%) and 6 (54.6%) of these patients, respectively. IgG titer rises and IgM and IgE antibodies were seen in 5 (12.2%), 1 (2.4%) and 18 (43.9%) AIDS patients respectively. All healthy immunocompetent HCMV-seropositive individuals were tested IgE negative. The results obtained in our study indicate that IgE against HCMV is a more reliable serologic marker for primary and secondary HCMV infection than IgM in immunocompromised individuals, especially in organ transplant recipients, since it is not affected by the prophylactic application of HCMV hyperimmune globulin preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Neonates ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS related complex patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present retrospective study compares the laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) by the use of “shell vial culture” [i.e., immunoperoxidase staining of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early antigen in human fibroblasts 24 h postinoculation] to the results of serology (i.e. immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA HCMV antibody testing) in 21 infants with congenital or postnatally acquired HCMV infection, 5 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who met the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stages IVA and IVB of HIV infection, and 115 patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS (stages IVC-IVE according to CDC criteria). HCMV infection was diagnosed by means of the shell vial culture inoculated with patient samples (e.g., urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, etc.) and serology in 163 (92.6%) and 65 (36.9%) patients, respectively. Viral shedding was detected by shell vial culture in 100% of the neonates, 80% of the patients suffering from lymphoproliferative disorders, 100% of the AIDS related complex (ARC) and 89.6% of the AIDS patients. In contrast, serologic testing for HCMV-specific antibodies was positive in only 28.6%, 42.9%, and 34.8% of the neonates, ARC, and AIDS patients, respectively. In lymphoma patients, serologic testing gave identical results (80%) to the shell vial culture technique. With the use of the shell vial procedure, active HCMV infection in immunocompromised subjects and neonates can be recognized more reliably than by serologic testing. Nevertheless, in a low percentage of patients (7.4%), virus isolation by the shell vial culture may fail to detect HCMV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 400-400 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was investigated in a new human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (KFR) with morphological and biochemical characteristics of fetal striated muscle precursors (rhabdomyoblasts). KFR cells exhibited the unique property for spontaneous morphological transformation from a poorly-differentiated state into well-differentiated (myotube-like) rhabdomyoblasts. The poorly-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts promoted both complete viral gene expression and the production of infectious virus. In contrast, in well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts HCMV infection was abortive. The results showed that replication of HCMV in this human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line depended on the state of cellular differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human T cell line H9 was established in a protein-free 1:1 mixture of Ham's F-12 and IMDM. After 230 passages (3 years) in protein-free medium, the cells designated H9-PF were infected with HIV-1. The infectivity titers of HIV-1 in cell culture medium were monitored by determining the median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50). Additionaly, the production of viral antigen in cells was measured by an immunoenzymatical alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method using a monoclonal antibody against HIV-1-p24 antigen. In acutely infected H9-PF and H9 cultures similar TCID50 values and percentage of cells positive for p24 antigen were found. In contrast, both TCID50 values and percentage of cells positive for p24 antigen were by far greater in chronically infected H9-PF than in H9 cultures.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Early antigens ; Late antigens ; Recombinant antigens ; Immunglobulins G1-G3, A and M ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For the development of effective prophylaxis (hyperimmune globulins) and improvement of serological testing for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised patients it is essential to characterize the viral encoded proteins and the humoral immune response in terms of neutralizing antibodies and immunglobulin class and IgG subclass reactivity to “early” and “late” HCMV proteins. The major neutralizing epitopes have been identified and screening of donor sera for neutralizing antibody by either conventional neutralization assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigens may help to improve the efficacy of hyperimmune globulin prophylaxis. The humoral response to individual HCMV proteins has been thoroughly investigated in immunocompromised patients. Antibodies against HCMV induced “early” antigens are not exclusively associated with active infection but may indicate an elevated risk for cytomegalic inclusion disease in immunocompromised patients. With a sensitive western blot technique. IgM and IgA antibodies against HCMV “late” proteins can be detected in sera from healthy seropositive individuals. Serum samples from subjects suffering from cytomegalic inclusion disease show significantly larger broader immune responses compared with healthy HCMV antibody carriers. Promising results using recombinant antigens corresponding to immunodominant epitopes for the detection of HCMV specific antibodies have been published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 439 HIV-positiven Patienten verschiedener Krankheitsstadien wurden retrospektiv die Ergebnisse der Antikörpertests gegen Viren der Herpesgruppe (HSV, EBV, VZV und CMV) und gegen Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV) ausgewertet. Die Prävalenz spezifischer IgG-, IgM- und IgA-Antikörper wurde zwischen den verschiedenen Stadien der HIV-Infektion und mit einem Kontrollkollektiv HIV-negativer Krankhenhauspatienten verglichen. Die Durchseuchung mit Herpesviren und Hepatitis B war insgesamt bei HIV-positiven und insbesondere LAS-und AIDS-Patienten höher als im Kontrollkollektiv. Die größten Unterschiede zeigten sich für das CMV-IgG und das anti-HBc-IgG, beide mit einer vergleichsweise niedrigen Prävalenz bei HIV-negativen Personen (64,5% bzw. 23,2%). Der Anteil CMV und HBV-Seropositiver war deutlich höher in der Gruppe der asymptomatischen HIV-Träger (83,3% bzw. 50%) und noch mehr bei Patienten mit dem Vollbild AIDS (95,4% bzw. 82,5%). Die höhere Prävalenz von CMV- und HBV-Antikörpern bei asymptomatischen HIV- positiven Patienten entspricht ihrem erhöhten Risiko für sexuell übertragene Infektionen. Ferner wurde CMV-IgA bei 25,4% und 37,3% der LAS- bzw. AIDS-Patienten gegenüber nur 7,6% im Kontrollkollektiv nachgewiesen. Hohe CMV-IgA-Titer wurden ausschließlich bei HIV-infizierten Patienten gefunden. Der Vergleich der in dieser Querschnittsstudie gefundenen Antikörperprofile scheint die Progression der HIV-Krankheit widerzuspiegeln. Allerdings sind prospektive Verlaufsuntersuchungen erforderlich um den Wert dieser Marker als Prognosefaktoren sicher zu beurteilen.
    Notes: Summary The results of antibody assays for viruses of the herpes group (HSV, EBV, VZV and CMV) and for hepatitis B virus (HBV) were retrospectively evaluated in 439 HIV-seropositive patients classified into different stages of HIV infection. The prevalence of specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in these groups was compared with that of a control group of HIV-negative unselected hospital patients. Antibodies to herpes viruses and HBV were more prevalent amongst HIV-seropositives, especially LAS and AIDS patients than in controls. However, marked differences were found only with CMV-IgG and anti-HBc-IgG, both with a comparatively low prevalence in HIV-negative persons (64.5% and 23.2%). Significantly more seropositives were found among asymptomatic HIV carriers (83.3% and 50%) and still more in patients with full-blown AIDS (95.4% and 82.5%). The increased frequency of CMV and HBV antibodies, already seen in asymptomatic HIV patients reflects their higher risk for sexually transmitted infections. Moreover, IgA antibodies to CMV were detected in 25.4% of LAS and 37.3% of AIDS patients, respectively, but only in 7.6% of the controls. Elevated CMV-IgA titres were found exclusively in HIV-infected persons. The differences in the antibody patterns found in this cross-sectional study may reflect the progression of the HIV disease. However, prospective follow-up studies are required to assess the value of these markers as indicators of prognosis in HIV-infected subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer deutschen Touristin wurden bei einer akuten Gastroenteritis nach Bali-Aufenthalt insgesamt sechs verschiedene darmpathogene Erreger isoliert, darunterEntamoeba histolytica, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Campylobacter jejuni, sowie drei verschiedene Salmonellenarten (Salmonella typhi-murium, Salmonella blockley, undSalmonella hadar).
    Notes: Summary Isolation of six different gastrointestinal pathogens (Entamoeba histolytica, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Campylobacter jejuni and three differentSalmonella species [Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella blockley andSalmonella hadar]) in the feces of a German female tourist suffering from acute diarrhoea after a trip to Bali.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine kongenitale Rötelninfektion mit atypischer Immunreaktion bei einem Kind, bei dessen Mutter eine Rötelnimmunität wiederholt vor der Schwangerschaft nachgewiesen worden war. Die Labordiagnose war ab dem 2. Lebensmonat nur eindeutig anhand der Virusisolierung möglich, obwohl das klassische klinische Erscheinungsbild eines kongenitalen Rötelnsyndroms vorlag und mehrere Organe involviert waren. Nach dem ersten Lebensmonat wurden vorübergehend spezifische IgM-Antikörper mit 2 ELISA-Tests in schwacher Konzentration nachgewiesen und mit einem Referenzverfahren (Inhibierung der Hämagglutination mit der isolierten IgM-Fraktion) bestätigt. Persistierende IgM-Antikörper in ansteigender Konzentration waren ab dem 6. Lebensmonat nachweisbar. Im weiteren Verlauf sanken die spezifischen IgG-Antikörper ab. Die immunologische Analyse wies eine IgG1-Hypoglobulinämie nach. Die Besonderheit des geschilderten Falles liegt nicht nur im Versagen der mütterlichen Immunität, eine kongenitale Rötelninfektion zu verhindern, sondern auch im Defekt des kindlichen Immunsystems, welcher möglicherweise durch die kongenitale Rötelninfektion bedingt war, so daß über die bewährten Methoden der Infektionsserologie die Labordiagnose zunächst nicht gestellt werden konnte.
    Notes: Summary This report concerns a case of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) with atypical immune response affecting an infant whose mother had repeated evidence of immunity before pregnancy. Laboratory diagnosis of CRS could only clearly be achieved by virus isolation after the second month of life despite typical clinical features of CRS and multiple organ involvement. After the first month of age, low concentrations of specific IgM antibodies were revealed by ELISA and confirmed by a reference test system (IgM-specific haemagglutination inhibition assay). Persistent and increasing high levels of IgM antibodies were detected only after the 6th month of life. Later on IgG antibody levels decreased. Immunological investigations showed an IgG1-hypoglobulinaemia. The unusual feature of the present case report is not only the failure of the maternal rubella immunity to prevent CRS, but the defect of the child's immune system, probably attributable to congenital infection. As a consequence, laboratory diagnosis of CRS could not be achieved initially by the proved serological methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Nachweis von HCMV-spezifischem IgG, IgA, IgE und IgM wurde in 421 Verlaufsseren von 19 Nierentransplantationspatienten anhand eines Enzymimmunassays (ELISA) untersucht. Eine floride Zytomegalie wurde in 11 (57,9%) Patienten beobachtet. Bei 11 (100%) dieser Patienten gelang die Diagnose einer HCMV-Infektion durch den Nachweis von spezifischem IgE. Spezifische IgA- und IgM-Antikörper wurden nur bei 45,5% bzw. 18,2% der Patienten mit primärer oder sekundärer HCMV-Infektion nachgewiesen. Zwischen dem Auftreten der klinischen Symptome der HCMV-Infektion und dem ersten positiven IgE-, IgG-, IgM- und IgA-Antikörpernachweis wurden keine signifikanten Zeitunterschiede festgestellt. Spezifisches IgE blieb über längere Zeiträume nachweisbar als die anderen Immunglobulinklassen. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie deuten darauf hin, daß HCMV-spezifisches IgE besser zur serologischen Diagnose der Zytomegalie bei Nierentransplantierten geeignet ist als IgM und IgA.
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), M (IgM), A (IgA) and G (IgG) were studied in 421 sera obtained from 19 renal allograft recipients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) occurred in 11 (57.9%) patients. HCMV infection was diagnosed in all (100%) of these patients by testing for specific IgE. In contrast, increased levels of IgM and IgA class antibody against HCMV were detected in only 45.5% and 18.2% patients suffering from primary or recurrent HCMV infection, respectively. Concerning the time interval between the onset of clinical symptoms and the first positive test, no significant differences in the kinetics of HCMV-specific immunoglobulins E, M, A and G were observed. Elevated specific IgE levels persisted for longer time intervals than the other immunoglobulin classes. As shown by the present study, specific IgE proved to be a more reliable serologic marker than IgM and IgA for the serologic detection of HCMV infection in renal allograft recipients.
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