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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 771-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; NG monomethyl-l-arginine ; endothelium derived relaxing factor ; glyceryl trinitrate ; venous occlusion plethysmography ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endothelium plays a pivotal role in modulating the reactivity of vascular smooth muscle through the formation of several vasoactive substances. We examined the effects of endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilators on forearm blood flow in 29 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and in 21 control subjects, using venous occlusion plethysmography. Via a brachial artery cannula, increasing amounts of acetylcholine and glyceryl trinitrate were infused in doses of 60, 120, 180 and 240 mmol per min and 3, 6 and 9 nmol per min respectively. NG monomethyl-l-arginine, a stereospecific inhibitor of endothelium derived relaxing factor, was infused to inhibit basal and stimulated release of this dilator substance. Reactive hyperaemic forearm blood flow did not differ between groups. Forearm blood flow responses to each dose of acetylcholine were significantly greater in control than diabetic subjects (p〈0.01 for all doses). NG monomethyl-l-arginine attenuated forearm blood flow from maximal stimulated values when responses were compared with the natural decline to acetylcholine in forearm flow in both control and diabetic subjects (p〈0.05 for both groups), but had no effect on basal blood flow responses. Forearm blood flow responses to each dose of glyceryl trinitrate were significantly greater in control than diabetic subjects (p〈0.05 for all). These data provide evidence for endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction in diabetes which may have important therapeutic implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429099
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary fish oil augments nitric oxide production or release in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; NG monomethyl-l-arginine ; nitric oxide ; glyceryl trinitrate ; fish oils ; Type 2 (non-insulin-de-pendent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Decreased release of nitric oxide from damaged endothelium is responsible for the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses found in animal models of vascular disease. Dietary supplementation with fish oils has been shown to augment endothelium-dependent relaxations, principally by improving the release of nitric oxide from injured endothelium. Using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography we studied vascular responses to 60, 120, 180 and 240 nmol/min of acetylcholine (an endothelium-dependent vasodilator) and 3, 6 and 9 nmol/min of glyceryl trinitrate (an endothelium-independent vasodilator) infused into the brachial artery in 23 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. NG monomethyl-l-arginine was employed to inhibit stimulated and basal release of nitric oxide from the endothelium. On completion of the baseline studies patients randomly received either fish oil or matching olive oil capsules in a double-blind crossover fashion for 6 weeks followed by a 6-week washout period and a final 6-week treatment phase. Studies, identical to the initial baseline studies, were performed at the end of the active treatment periods at 6 and 18 weeks. Fish oil supplementation significantly improved forearm blood flow responses to each dose of acetylcholine when compared to the vasodilator responses recorded at baseline and after olive oil administration (p〈0.01). Neither fish oil nor olive oil supplementation produced any significant changes in forearm blood flow to the incremental infusions of glyceryl trinitrate when compared with responses recorded during the baseline studies. NG monomethyl-l-arginine significantly reduced forearm blood flow from maximal stimulated values to acetylcholine when compared to the uninhibited decline in flow to acetylcholine infusions at comparable time points (p〈0.01). Treatment with fish oils improved endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine without altering endothelium-independent responses to glyceryl trinitrate. By increasing stimulated nitric oxide release from the endothelium fish oils may afford protection against vasospasm and thrombosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399090
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of peripheral vasoconstrictor responses and cardiovascular autonomic function tests in diabetic patients (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 350-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; autonomic neuropathy ; sympathetic vasoconstriction ; cardiovascular reflexes ; postural hypotension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Venous occlusion plethysmography has been used to measure sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses in the feet and hands to a deep breath and body cooling and to assess blood flow variability. Measurements were made in 14 non-diabetic control subjects and 52 diabetic patients, 30 of whom had evidence of peripheral neuropathy. All the measurements were significantly reduced in the feet of patients with neuropathy. Vasoconstrictor responses were not significantly impaired in the hands of these patients. Cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed in the same subjects by standard tests of reflex heart rate responses and compared to sympathetic vasoconstrictor function as determined by the response to a deep breath. Eighteen of the 30 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy had impairment of both cardiovascular and sympathetic vasoconstrictor functon. Five had normal vasoconstrictor but impaired cardiovascular responses and two had normal cardiovascular but impaired vasoconstrictor function. It may therefore be important to assess both systems in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404639
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of a two-dimensional phased array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1198-1200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the successful fabrication of a two-dimensional phase-locked array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The array was comprised of more than 160 vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers of 1.3 μm diameter with a separation of less than 0.1 μm between each lasing element. The array had a 25 μm diameter and each of the elemental lasers was located on a two-dimensional rectangular lattice. The threshold current of the two-dimensional array 45 mA yields a threshold current of 280 μA for an elemental laser. The far-field beam angle of the array was as narrow as 7°, and the spectral purity was found to be good enough to allow for a clear holographic image reconstruction of a holographic memory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102558
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-field transport properties of InAsxP1−x/InP (0.3≤x≤1.0) modulation- doped heterostructures at 300 and 77 K (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the high-field transport characteristics of pseudomorphic InAsxP1−x/InP (0.3≤x≤1.0) modulation doped heterostructures at 300 and 77 K. The field dependent steady state average velocities increase steadily with increase in x. The maximum velocities that have been measured in InAs/InP are 1.7×107 cm/s (2.5 kV/cm) and 3.2×107 cm/s (2.2 kV/cm) at 300 and 77 K, respectively. These are the highest velocities measured in any modulation doped heterostructure. The field dependent channel carrier concentration and mobility data indicate that there is very little real space transfer of carriers at high fields and this is confirmed by results from steady state Monte Carlo calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352154
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regrowth of In0.53Ga0.47As/InP p-n heterojunctions by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3967-3969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The quality of interfaces regrown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition is evaluated from the electrical characteristics of In0.53Ga0.47As/InP p-n heterojunction diodes. The I-V curves are undistinguishable from those of junctions obtained by continuous growth, with ideality factors η≈1.1 and no observable contribution from interface recombination in the measured current range. An upper limit of 200 cm/s is obtained for the interface recombination velocity. The results show that high-quality interfaces can be obtained in spite of prior air exposure. The technique can be used for the realization of regrown heterojunction bipolar transistors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349159
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of in situ treatment on InGaAs/InP heterointerfaces produced by organometallic chemical vapor deposition regrowth (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 502-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of heterostructures containing an InGaAs/InP heterointerface generated by organometallic chemical vapor deposition regrowth have been investigated. Regrowth of InGaAs on InP was carried out after different sample preparations including wet chemical etching and in situ treatment prior to the regrowth. The electrical properties of the heterointerface were studied by performing deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements. An electron trap was observed in the interface region of the samples either in situ etched with HCl gas or annealed under PH3 overpressure. Temporal pulse response measurements were employed to study the effects of this electron trap on the optical performance of p-i-n photodetectors containing this regrown heterointerface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350260
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low series resistance vertical-cavity front-surface-emitting laser diode (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1942-1944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated a front-surface-emitting laser diode (FSELD) using a technique which relies on a double ion implant of oxygen and beryllium. The laser had a low operating voltage at the lasing threshold, a low series resistance, and a relatively small threshold current of 6 mA for a 25-μm-diam device. The lasing wavelength was 971 nm and the spectral width above threshold was 5 A(ring). Since the light comes from the front surface of the wafer, the fabrication technique described here for realizing a FSELD can be used for the fabrication of vertical-cavity visible surface-emitting lasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103029
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective growth of InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistors with a buried subcollector (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 1193-1195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate the fabrication of an InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with a reduced base-collector overlap area using selective epitaxy techniques. The process uses planarizing growth by chloride-transport vapor-phase epitaxy (VPE) to create a buried subcollector layer, followed by selective regrowth by organometallic VPE. The quality of the regrowth over the planarized substrates is evident from the dc characteristics of the HBT which show an ideality factor η=1.05 for the base-emitter junction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107644
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wavelength-selectable laser emission from a multistripe array grating integrated cavity laser (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2750-2752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report laser operation of a multistripe array grating integrated cavity (MAGIC) laser in which the wavelength of the emission from a single output stripe is chosen by selectively injection pumping a second stripe. We demonstrate a device that lases in the 1.5 μm fiber band at 15 wavelengths, evenly spaced by ∼2 nm. The single-output/wavelength-selectable operation, together with the accurate predefinition of the lasing wavelengths, makes the MAGIC laser a very attractive candidate for use in multiwavelength networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108078
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