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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 111 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been proposed for predicting the yield potential of different types of cross. Their has been evaluated in 15 flint and 12 dent inbreds from the European maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm as well as in 68 F1 crosses (21 flint × flint, 14 dent × dent, and 33 flint × dent) produced between them. The materials were evaluated for F1 performance and midparent heterosis of grain yield, dry matter content (DMC) and plant height in two environments in Germany. Genetic distances (GDs) between parental lines, calculated from RFLP data of 194 clone-enzyme combinations, showed greater means for flint × dent (0.67) than dent × dent (0.62) and flint × flint (0.55) crosses. Cluster analysis based on GDs resulted in a clear separation of flint and dent lines and agreed well with pedigree information. For the complete set of 64 crosses analyzed (excluding 4 crosses between closely related lines) correlations of GD with F1 performance and heterosis were significant for all traits except F1 performance of DMC. When separate calculations were performed for individual subjets of crosses, correlations of GD with Fl performance and heterosis were significantly positive (0.48 ≤ r ≤ 0.80) for all traits in the flint × flint crosses, but not significant for the subsets of flint × dent and dent × dent crosses. Our results confirm those of previous investigations in that the predictive value of RFLP data is restricted to crosses between lines from the same heterotic group, and cannot be applied to crosses between lines from genetically divergent heterotic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 107 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Genes from wild species of the Procumbentes section can be transferred to sugar beet chromosomes via translocations. Since large translocations, including for example a gene for nematode resistance, generally result in meiotic disturbances, there is a need to select new diploid resistant beets from progenies of monosomic wild beet addition lines. A dispersed repetitive DNA probe, which is closely correlated with the resistance gene and hybridizes exclusively with wild beet DNA, appears to be highly superior to selection based on isozyme markers. Characteristic ‘fingerprints’ on the available monosomic addition lines reveal the existence of at last 5 different chromosomes in the wild species each housing a gene for nematode resistance. This probe can be used advantageously to identify individuals carrying the intact or fragmented wild beet chromosomes, or even various amounts of translocated chromatin. Strategies are discussed for the identification of new translocation types using straightforward squash dot or Southern hybridization techniques in combination with the wild beet DNA probe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 107 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A PstI-based genomic library from barley DNA was screened for RFLPs in the three relatively-distant cultivars ‘Alexis’ (2-row spring type), ‘Igri’ (2-row winter type) and ‘Mammut’ (6-row winter type), digested with BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII. 50 % of the 108 DNA fragments studied represented single-copy sequences, 29 % low-copy and 21 % repetitive sequences. The DNA probes were assigned to discrete barley chromosomes with the aid of wheat/barley addition lines. 80 % of the single- and low-copy sequences hybridized with both barley and wheat DNA, whereas most repetitive sequences gave signals only with barley DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An extended genetic map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is presented encompassing 177 segregating markers (2 morphological traits, 7 isozymes, and 168 RFLP markers) on 9 linkage groups. The linkage map comprises 1057.3 cM equivalent to an average genetic spacing of 6.0 cM/marker. The length of individual linkage groups varies between 80.7 (group VIII) and 167.4 cM (group VIII). The number of markers per linkage group ranges between 13 and 24. No indication of duplicate regions was found, confirming the true diploid nature of B. vulgaris. Twenty-six markers (15 %) deviated significantly (a = 0.01) from the expected segregation ratio. This distorted segregation was probably caused by linkage with lethal genes. Four such genes (designated Let Ib, Let 5b, Let 6b, Let 8) could be located at discrete positions due to their absolute linkage to skewed RFLP markers. The restorer gene X has been located terminally on linkage group ÜI, 9.6 cM distant from RFLP marker pKP1238.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Gene P1 of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which codes for a major adhesin, is flanked by two sequences with open reading frames designated QRF4 and QRF6 (Inamine et al., 1988b). In order to identify proteins translated from these ORFs, gene fusions between the N-terminus of the RNA replicase of the Escherichia coli bacteriophage MS2 and selected regions of ORF4 and ORF6 were constructed. The corresponding fusion proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli were used to immunize mice. Antisera directed against ORF4-related sequences did not recognize M. pneumoniae antigens in Western blot analysis, but antisera directed against ORF-6-derived fusion proteins reacted with two M. pneumoniae proteins of 40kDa and 90kDa. In addition, some of the antisera also recognized proteins that formed in a sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel a protein ladder between 115 and 145 kDa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cachexia ; Hematological neoplasia ; Cytokines ; Neopterin ; Tryptophan metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Weight loss is the main symptom of so-called tumor cachexia. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying cachexia are poorly understood; however, it appears that enhanced formation of cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α are involved. In 94 patients suffering from hematological neoplasias we compared body weight changes with serum neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine. Biochemical changes, the formation of neopterin, the degradation of tryptophan are closely related to interferon-γ activity. The majority of our patients had increased neopterin and decreased tryptophan concentrations. Weight loss was seen particularly in patients with higher neopterin and lower tryptophan values. An association between higher neopterin levels and greater weight loss was apparent at study entry and during the follow-up of patients. Our data support the concept that weight loss is closely linked to endogenous interferon-γ activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Alkynes ; Nitriles ; Dinitrogen complexes ; Alkynyl complexes ; Vinylidene complexes ; Phosphite complexes ; Phosphonate complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktionen von Phenylacetylen und anderen Alkinen [HC≡CCH2OH, HC≡C(CH2)2OH, HC≡CCH2CMe2CH2COCH3, HC≡CSiMe3 und MeC≡CSiMe3] in Gegenwart von Acetonitril oder Benzonitril mit den folgenden Komplexen wurde wie üblich bei Raumtemperatur untersucht:trans-[Mo(N2)2 L 4] (L=PMePh),cis-[Mo(N2)2(PMePh 2)4],cis-[W(N2)2 L 4],trans-[ReCl(N2)L 4],mer-[ReCl(N2)(PPh 3)L′3] {L′=P(OMe)3}, [ReCl2(N2COPh)L′3] und [(η5-MeC5H4)-Mn(CO)2(NCMe)]. Die Hauptreaktion für Phenylacetylen war stets die cyclische Trimerisierung (mit Ausnahme des Mn-Komplexes), obwohl auch Hydrogenierungsprodukte und Spezies aus einer Alkin/Nitril-Kupplung in kleineren Mengen aufgefunden wurden; für die Mo- oder W-Systeme waren die Ausbeuten unter etwa 40% relativ zum Metall, die Re-Systeme zeigten eine schwache katalytische Aktivität. Die anderen Alkine gingen (auch in niedrigen Ausbeuten) hauptsächlich Dimerisierung, cyclische oder lineare Trimerisierung neben (in noch geringerem Maßstab) Kupplungs-reaktionen mit den Nitrilen oder Hydrogenierung ein. Die Alkinylkomplexe [ReCl(C≡CPh)-{P(O)(OMe)2}(PPh 3)L′2] und [ReCl(C≡CPh) {P(O)(OMe)2}(NCMe)2 L′] wurden aus der Reaktion vonmer-[ReCl(N2)(PPh 3)L′3] mitPhC≡CH sowohl in Abwesenheit als auch in Gegenwart von NCMe gebildet, wohingegen der Benzonitril/Distickstoff-Komplex [ReCl(N2)(NCPh)L′3] entweder aus der Reaktion dieses N2-Komplexes mit NCPh oder über die Reaktion von [ReCl2(N2COPh)L′3] mit NCPh in Gegenwart von NaOMe gebildet wurde. Die Vinylidenverbindungtrans-[Re(CNMe)(C=CHPh)(dppe)2] [BF4] (dppe=Ph 2PCH2CH2PPh 2) wurde in der Reaktion vontrans-[ReCl(CNMe)-(dppe)2] mitPhC≡CH in der Gegenwart von Tl[BF4] gebildet, wobei keine detektierbaren Mengen irgendeines von Alkin abgeleiteten organischen Produkts entstanden.
    Notes: Summary The reactions of phenylacetylene and other alkynes [HC≡CCH2OH, HC≡C(CH2)2OH, HC≡CCH2CMe 2CH2COCH3, HC≡CSiMe 3 andMeC≡CSiMe 3], in the presence of acetonitrile or benzonitrile, with the following complexes have been investigated usually at room temperature:trans-[Mo(N2)2 L 4] (L=PMe 2 Ph),cis-[Mo(N2)2(PMePh 2)4],cis-[W(N2)2 L 4],trans-[ReCl(N2)L 4],mer-[ReCl(N2)(PPh 3)L′3] {L′=P(OMe)3}, [ReCl2(N2COPh)L′3] and [(η5-MeC5H4)Mn(CO)2(NCMe)]. Cyclic trimerization was the main reaction detected for phenylacetylene (except for the Mn complex), although dimers, products of hydrogenation and species derived from alkyne/nitrile coupling were also formed in smaller amounts; for the Mo- or W-systems, the total yields were below ca. 40% relative to the metal, but the Re-systems exhibited a modest catalytic activity. The other alkynes underwent, also in low yields, mainly dimerization, cyclic or linear trimerization, apart from, to a smaller extent, coupling reactions with the nitriles or hydrogenation. The alkynyl complexes [ReCl(C≡CPh) {P(O) (OMe)2}(PPh 3)L′2] and [ReCl(C≡CPh) {P(O)(OMe)2}(NCMe)2 L′] were prepared by reaction ofmer-[ReCl(N2)(PPh 3)L′3] withPhC≡CH, in the absence and in the presence of NCMe, respectively, whereas the benzonitrile/dinitrogen complex [ReCl(N2)(CNPh)L′3] was obtained either by reaction of that N2-complex with NCPh or by the reaction of [ReCl2(N2COPh)L′3] with NCPh in the presence of NaOMe. The vinylidene compoundtrans-[Re(CNMe)(C=CHPh)(dppe)2][BF4] (dppe=Ph 2PCH2CH2PPh 2) was formed by reaction oftrans-[ReCl(CNMe)(dppe)2] withPhC≡CH, in the presence of Tl[BF4], which did not lead to the formation of detectable amounts of any alkyne-derived organic product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a new method for the determination of the position of microwave burst sources on the Sun, its implementation and first observational results, are presented. The 13.7 m antenna at Itapetinga with a five-channel receiver operating at 48 GHz and with a time resolution of 1 ms is used. Five horn antennas clustered around the focus of the Cassegrain reflector provide 5 beams diverging by about 2′. This configuration allows the observation of different parts of an active region and the determination of the center of the burst position with an accuracy of 5″ to 20″ depending on the angular distance relative to the antenna axis. The field of view is ≈ 2′ by ≈ 4′. The time resolution of 1 ms is suitable to search for fast structures at 48 GHz. A total bandwidth of 400 MHz is used in order to achieve a sensitivity of 0.04 s.f.u. sufficient for the detection of weak bursts. First observational results of the flare on May 11, 1991 show a well-located source position during all stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: PCR ; CLL ; MDR 1 ; P-glycoprotein ; Drug resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the role the multiple drug-resistance (MDR1) gene plays in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we measured the expression of the MDR 1 gene in 30 patients with this disease. A rapid, highly sensitive, and nonradioactive technique based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for that purpose. In this technique, called differential PCR, the target (MDR 1) and a reference gene (β2-microglobulin) are co-amplified by PCR from random hexamer-primed cDNA in the same reaction vessel. The level of target gene expression is reflected in the ratio between the intensities of the two resulting PCR product bands, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MDR 1 gene expression was detectable in 29/30 (97%) patients with CLL, with a median expression level of 0.36 U (human placenta=1 U). There was no correlation between expression of the MDR 1 gene and clinical stage, time from diagnosis, absolute lymphocyte count, several lymphocyte surface markers, or prior treatment in the patients analyzed. Immunocytochemical studies of the same material using the monoclonal antibody C219 showed a very low or undetectable expression of the P-glycoprotein in the lymphocytes of all patients studied, whereas granulocytes were significantly more immunoreactive. We conclude that the level of expression of the MDR 1 gene in CLL is generally low, that the removal of granulocytes is important in studies of expression of MDR 1 mRNA in CLL, and that differential PCR provides a rapid and reliable method for quantifying the amount of a specific mRNA, even in very small samples of total RNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The B-hordein gene family consists of at least 13 genes that appear to be clustered in two regions on the barley chromosome 1H (5). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques, we have localized the B-hordein locus (Hor2) to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 1H (5), corresponding to the genetically determined position, 91% distal on the short arm. This result is based on appropriate barley lines (i.e. the two cultivars Igri and Betzes, the telotrisomic and ditelotetrasomic lines 1HS and the translocation line T21), on two experimental approaches and on a signal frequency of between 20% and 60% on metaphase chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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