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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated emission pumping studies of energy transfer in highly vibrationally excited molecules (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 3944-3955 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100118a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult respiratory distress syndrome following cardiopulmonary bypass: incidence and prediction (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The outcome of adult respiratory distress syndrome complicating cardiopulmonary bypass has changed little in recent years. A retrospective, case-controlled study was designed to assess the incidence of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in these circumstances and the extent to which it could be linked with pre and peri-operative predictive factors. Eleven patients who developed the syndrome out of 840 who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass over a 9 month period were compared with 53 controls matched for sex, operation and surgeon. The incidence of adult respiratory distress syndrome and its mortality were 1.3% and 53% respectively. Significant predictors were a high intra and postoperative intervention score, the total volume of blood pumped during bypass (〉300 l) and age (〉60 years). These risk factors should alert the clinician to the possibility of severe postoperative pulmonary complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02134.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and without white clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the uplands. 5. Herbage production, quality and intake in years 4–6 (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Herbage characteristics were studied over years 4–6 (1988–90) in three perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties as grass-only (200 kg N ha-1) and grass/clover (Trifolium repens L.) swards which received 75kg N ha-1 in 1988 and 0kg N ha-1 in 1989 and 1990 when continuously stocked with sheep. Mean total annual herbage production of Aurora, a very early flowering variety, was 11% more than that of late-flowering Aberystwyth S23 due to 21% higher growth as grass/clover pasture. The grass/clover sward of Meltra, a tetraploid late-flowering variety, out-yielded S23/clover by 17%. Herbage production of grass/clover was 86% of that of grass only in 1988 but only 54% of the grass-only swards averaged for 1989 and 1990. In vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) of Meltra was 38g kg-1 OM and 27g kg-1 OM higher than that of S23 and Aurora respectively. OMD of grass/clover was 15g kg-1 OM higher than that of grass only during the post-weaning period. Herbage intake was positively correlated with OMD of herbage.The herbage attributes were related to lamb performance reported previously. Lamb output was positively correlated with intake of digestible organic matter.Differences between the three varieties in herbage characteristics were greater as grass/clover than as grass-only swards, reflecting their compatibility with white clover. In this respect Meltra was the best and S23 the poorest variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01854.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and without clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the uplands. 4. Animal performance in years 4–6 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Relative sheep production from Aurora (very early flowering), Mellra (late-flowering tetraploid) and Aberystwyth S23 (late flowering) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties was compared during harvest years 4-6 (1988-90) as grass only (200 kg N ha−1) and grass/clover (75 kg N ha −1 in 1988, 0 kg N ha−1 in 1989 and 1990) at Bronydd Mawr Research Centre (310-363 m) in mid-Wales. The pastures were continuously stocked with Beulah Speckled Face ewes and their Suffolk cross lambs from spring to mid-July. From late July to early November only the weaned lambs grazed the swards.Mean (1988-90) total annual lamb production per hectare from Aurora and Meltra was 70% and 16% more than that from S23. However, the difference between both varieties and S23 was much greater as grass/clover (Aberystwyth S184 small-leaved type) than as grass-only swards. Differences between the grasses in individual lamb growth rates were most pronounced during the post-weaning period, when that on Meltra was 38% and 23% more than on Aurora and S23 respectively.Mean annual lamb output from grass/clover swards was only 70% of that from grass-only swards during the 2 years when the former swards received no fertilizer N. Averaged over the 3 years (1988-90) individual lamb liveweight gain post weaning was 38% higher on grass/clover than on grass-only swards.The results are discussed in relation to those for the first 3 harvest years (1985-87). It is concluded that, although Aurora was less persistent than both late-flowering varieties, its superiority in providing an average of 29% more lamb output than S23 during the critical spring period (up to early June) would be of considerable practical significance in upland sheep systems, as would be the overall superiority of the tetraploid Meltra over S23.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02269.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination of the cell-specific distribution of the four subunits of glycine decarboxylase and of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in leaves of C3-C4 intermediate species from different genera (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 468-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C3-C4 intermediate species (Flaveria, Moricandia, Panicum) ; C4 evolution ; Glycine decarboxylase (localization) ; Photorespiration ; Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (localization)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell-specific distribution of the four subunit proteins (P, L, T and H) of glycine decarboxylase (GDC) and of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) has been studied in the leaves of C3-C4 intermediate and C4 species of three genera (Flaveria, Moricandia and Panicum) using immunogold localization. Antibodies raised against these proteins from pea leaf mitochondria were used to probe Western blots of total leaf proteins of F. linearis Lag., M. arvensis (L.) DC and P. milioides Nees ex Trin. (C3-C4), and F. trinervia (Spring.) Mohr and P. miliaceum (L.) (C4). For all species, each antibody recognised specifically a protein of similar molecular weight to that in pea leaves. In leaves of M. arvensis the P protein was present in the mitochondria of the bundle-sheath cells but was undetectable in those of the mesophyll, whereas the L, T and H proteins and SHMT were present in both cell types. The density of immunogold labelling of SHMT on the mitochondria of mesophyll cells was less than that on those of the bundle-sheath cells, which correlates with the relative activities of SHMT in these cell types. These data reveal that the lack of functional GDC in the mesophyll cells of M. arvensis, which is the principal biochemical reason for reduced photorespiration in this species, is due to the loss of a single subunit protein. This lack of coordinate expression of the subunit proteins of GDC within a photosynthetic cell represents a clear difference between M. arvensis and other C3 and C3-C4 species. None of the GDC proteins was detectable in the mesophyll cells of the C3-C4 and C4 Flaveria and Panicum species but all were present in the bundle-sheath cells. The differences in the distribution of the GDC proteins in leaves of the C3-C4 species studied are discussed in relation to the evolution of photosynthetic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224785
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration following cardio-pulmonary bypass (1993)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 19 (1993), S. 290-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Acute renal failure ; Cardio-pulmonary bypass ; Haemofiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To study the impact of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on survival in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) following cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Design A retrospective study of all patients requiring haemofiltration after CPB over a 2 year period. Setting A 20 bedded, adult cardothoracic intensive care unit in a postgraduate teaching hospital. Patients 35 patients (26 male, age range 24–74 years) required haemofiltration (2.7% of the total number of patients undergoing CPB). Main results Cardiovascular failure post CPB was the commonest causes of ARF (n=16). Indications for haemofiltration were ureamia (21), oligo-anuria (11), volume overload (2) and hyperkalaemia (1). Mean time from CPB to the initiation of haemofiltration was 8 days (range 0–15 days). Mean urea was 30 mmol/l and creatinine 362 μmol/l immediately prior to treatment. Urea was well-controlled in all patients, although 2 needed haemodiafiltration. Twenty-six patients died during their admission to the ICU (74% mortality). A further 3 patients died during their hospital admission, following discharge from ICU. Outcome was particularly poor in patients with cardiovascular failure following CPB (16 cases, 0 survivors). Survivors tended to commence filtration earlier (mean of 4 vs 7 days for non-survivors) and required treatment for a mean period of 8 days (range 1–26 days). Survival was determined by the number of failed organ systems at the start of haemofiltration. Thus, 100% of patients with single system failure survived, compared to only 10% with 3 or more system failure. Conclusions Despite the theoretical advantages of haemofiltration and the effective control of uraemia the mortality associated with ARF following CPB remains high and is probably determined by the number of failed organs systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690550
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of radionuclide techniques in the assessment of alveolar-capillary membrane permeability on the intensive care unit (1990)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Intensive care ; Radionuclides ; Lung injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Three isotopic methods of estimating alveolar-capillary membrane permeability have been described. The first, radiolabelled HSA, is crude, and appears to have no clinical applications. Pulmonary99mTc-DTPA clearance studies are relatively easy to perform, but suffer from their high sensitivity and variations in technique from centre to centre. The double isotopic measurement of PAI has only been adopted by a few centres, but may offer reliable assessment of the pulmonary endothelial permeability which is probably an early marker of acute lung injury. None of these techniques has proved predictive of outcome in ARDS. However, trials where alveolar-capillary membrane permeability is assessed before clinical evidence of lung injury is apparent have yet to be conducted. Thus at present, methods of assessing alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, particularly capillary endothelial integrity, may prove to be more useful in monitoring new therapeutic interventions in lung injury, rather predicting outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01735173
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood lactate and mixed venous-arterial PCO2 gradient as indices of poor peripheral perfusion following cardiopulmonary bypass surgry (1991)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 17 (1991), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Blood lactate ; Acid base balance ; Cardiopulmonary bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conventional indices of tissue perfusion after surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may not accurately reflect disordered cell metabolism. Venous hypercarbia leading to an increased veno-arterial difference in CO2 tensions (V-aCO2 gradient) has been shown to reflect critical reductions in systemic and pulmonary blood flow that occur during cardiorespiratory arrest and septic shock. We therefore measured plasma lactate levels and V-aCO2 gradients in 10 patients (mean age 57.2 years) following CPB and compared them with conventional indices of tissue perfusion. Plasma lactate levels, cardiac index (CI) and oxygen uptake $$(\dot VO_2 )$$ all increased significantly (p〈0.05 vs baseline levels) up to 3h following surgery. Oxygen delivery $$(\dot DO_2 )$$ did not change. Plasma lactate levels correlated significantly with CI (r=0.47,p〈0.01). V-aCO2 fell significantly with time (p〈0.01 vs baseline). There was an inverse relationship between V-aCO2 and cardiac index and V-aCO2 and lactate (r=−0.37,p〈0.05;r=−0.3,p〈0.05 respectively). We conclude that blood lactate, CI and $$\dot VO_2 $$ increase progressively following CPB. An increase in lactate was associated with a decrease in V-aCO2. An increase in V-aCO2 was not therefore associated with evidence of inadequate tissue perfusion as indicated by an increased blood lactate concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716189
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yohimbine — facilitated acoustic startle reflex in humans (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 342-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Noradrenergic ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preclinical studies have suggested the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) may be a useful animal model to investigate the neurochemical basis of anxiety and fear states. This work has revealed that the anxiogenic alpha-2 receptor antagonist, yohimbine, increases the amplitude of the ASR in laboratory animals. The present investigation evaluated the effects of yohimbine on the ASR in healthy subjects. Seven healthy subjects received IV yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline placebo on two separate days in a randomized double blind placebo control design. A trial of 2 tone frequencies with varied intensity (90, 96, 102, 108, 114 dB) white noise, instantaneous rise time, was delivered binaurally through headphones. Tones were delivered every 25–60 sec, for a 30 ms duration. Startle testing was done 80 minutes post infusion and lasted 15–20 minutes. Sign rank testing indicated yohimbine caused an overall increase in startle amplitude, as well as significant augmentation of startle amplitude at 96, 102, 108, 114 decibels but not at the 90 dB intensity. Sign rank tests indicated a significant reduction of startle latency by yohimbine at only the 96 dB intensity. Significant correlations were observed between startle and peak anxiety, startle and plasma MHPG, peak anxiety and plasma MHPG. This study demonstrates in healthy human subjects an excitatory effect of yohimbine on the mangnitude of the ASR and a decrease in its latency. In the context of the key role of this reflex in the alarm response, this finding adds to the array of documented behavioral, biochemical and cardiovascular effects of yohimbine in humans which support the relationship between increased noradrenergic function and anxiety states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251291
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rust-red grain beetle,Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and flat grain beetle,Cryptolestes pusillus: Antennal and behavioral responses to synthetic components of their aggregation pheromones (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3353-3372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cryptolestes ferrugineus ; C. pusillus ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae ; aggregation pheromone ; macrocyclic lactone ; electroantennogram ; behavioural bioassay ; interspecific response ; thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Antennal and behavioral responses of the rust-red grain beetle,Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and the flat grain beetle,C. pusillus, to synthetic samples of the macrocyclic lactones reported to comprise their aggregation pheromones were investigated. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings were obtained successfully from both species for the first time. Females of both species showed larger EAGs than males. The EAGs ofC. ferrugineus showed a high degree of specificity for conspecific aggregation pheromone components;C. pusillus showed much less specificity. Behavioral tests were conducted using two-choice pitfall bioassays. Separation of the results into the two effects of activity stimulation and direction finding showed that both effects contributed to the overall response, although sometimes to different extents. The strain ofC. pusillus studied responded equally well to both components of its pheromone, whereas it had been reported previously that only one was active, the other acting as a Synergist and eliciting no response when tested alone. With both species, behavioral response was elicited with a single lactone, suggesting that it might not be necessary to use both components for field use. Particularly surprising was thatC. pusillus showed a greater response to the pheromone components ofC. ferrugineus than to its own. Aeration of the two species and thermal desorption of the collected volatiles confirmed production of the expected lactones, and aeration of authentic lactones showed that the response was not due to the C.ferrugineus pheromone components being markedly more volatile. This response, which seems to be an actual preference, is the first to be discovered among the cucujid beetles and encourages optimism that a practical lure for various species may not need to be as complex as originally feared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982103
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