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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Lake Constance from September 1986 to May 1988 13 adult lake dwelling brown trout (Sulmo trutta L.) were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked almost continuously for up to 13 days. Two behaviour types were observed: (a) random movement in locally restricted areas and (b) excursions of up to 40 km distance. Swimming activity during the day was significantly higher than at night in most experiments. In summer swimming depth ranged between 8 and 16 m, and in winter between 0 and 3m. The preferred water temperature was about 14°C in the thermally stratified waterbody. During the experiments mean swimming speed ranged between 0.3 km h−1 (0.1 bodylengths s−1) and 0.9 km h−1 (0.6 bodylengths s−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 12 (1993), S. 364-367 
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Ultrasound ; Cortical bone ; Mechanical Properties ; Architecture ; Modulus of Elasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The square of ultrasound transmission velocity in a material is correlated to the modulus of elasticity, which is an indicator of its mechanical properties. This might make the measurement of ultrasound transmission velocity useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of bone diseases. Bone, however, is not an isotropic material but is architecturally structured. The aim of our study was to investigate and especially to quantify the influence of architecture in cortical bone on ultrasound transmission velocity. Twenty-two rectangular, flat specimens of cortical bone were prepared from diaphysis of fresh pig radius. Ultrasound transmission velocity was measured parallel and perpendicular to direction of Haversian channels. It was found to be 3647 ± 41 m/s parallel to and 2821 ± 29 m/s perpendicular to Haversian channels respectively (p〈0.001). Our results clearly indicate that there is an important influence of architecture in cortical bone on ultrasound transmission velocity which has to be taken into account in its clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 39 (1993), S. 249-261 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: Mg2TiO4 ; NiMn2O4 ; Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 ; semiconductor ceramics ; solid state reactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von NixMn3−x(C2O4)36H2O Oxalatmischkristallen führt die thermische Zersetzung bei vermindertem partialem Druck von Sauerstoff (po2 = 2%) zur Bildung von NiMn2O4 (x=1) unter metastabilen Bedingungen. Das nur in metastabilem Zustand existierende Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 (x=1.5) wurde ebenfalls hergestellt. Beide Spinellverbindungen sind vom stark umgekehrten Typ. Über einen Sol-Gel Herstellungsweg wurde gefunden, daß Mg2TiO4 ebenfalls in metastabilem Zustand gebildet wird. Tempern ergibt eine Zersetzung der Verbindungen, was zu NiMnO3 und 1/2Mn2O3 oder nur NiMnO3 oder MgTiO3 und MgO führt. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten sind für die Zersetzung von NiMn2O4 und Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 niedriger als für die von Mg2TiO4. Die Rückreaktion der Bildung von NiMn2O4 oberhalb 730°C zeigt eine endotherme Enthalpie von +61 kJ·mol−1. Für die Bildung von Mg2TiO4 oberhalb 1050°C wurde eine endotherme Enthalpie von +19.3 kJ·mol−1 gefunden. Die Ergebnisse wurden unter Berücksichtigung der Struktureigenschaften der Oxide diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Starting from oxalate mixed crystals NixMn3−x(C2O4)3·6H2O thermal decomposition at reduced oxygen partial pressure (po2= 2%) leads to the formation of NiMn2O4 (x = 1) at metastable conditions. Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 (x = 1.5) existing in the metastable state only has been also prepared. The spinel compounds both are of the highly inversed type. Following a sol-gel preparation route Mg2TiO4 has been also found to be formed in the metastable state. Annealing results in decomposition of the compounds providing NiMnO3 and 1/2α-Mn2O3 or NiMnO3 only or MgTiO3 and MgO, respectively. The reaction rates observed are lower for NiMn2O4 and Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 than for Mg2TiO4 decomposition. The reverse reaction of NiMn2O4 formation above 730°C shows an endothermic enthalpy of +61 kJ·mol−1. For Mg2TiO4 formation above 1050°C an endothermic enthalpy of +19.3 kJ·mol−1 is found. The results are discussed in terms of structural features of the oxides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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