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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNase I hypersensitive sites in promoter elements associated with basal and vitamin D dependent transcription of the bone-specific osteocalcin gene (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 33 (1994), S. 348-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00167a045
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-lectin component in a fermented extract from Viscum album L. grown on pines induces proliferation of lymphocytes from healthy and allergic individuals in vitro (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 47 (1994), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Viscum album ; Iscador Pini ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; lectins ; mistletoe extracts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mistletoe preparations have been shown to express immunomodulatory properties. In order to evaluate the stimulatory potency of different mistletoe extracts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and allergic/atopic individuals were exposed to aqueous or fermented extracts derived from Viscum album L. grown on apple trees (Mali-extracts) or on pines (Pini-extracts). None of them had received any mistletoe treatment. Iscador Pini was the only extract which strongly induced proliferation of PBMC in contrast to the other five preparations. On testing these extracts by Western blotting with anti-mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) antibody positive sera from mistletoe-treated patients, it became evident that Iscador Pini was almost devoid of lectins. The stimulatory potency of Iscador Pini for PBMC from three different groups was examined: PBMC from 35 normal controls (Group I), 23 patients with drug-induced adverse effects (Group II) and 16 individuals with allergic manifestations (Group III). Cells were exposed in 7-day cultures to the extract at concentrations between 1 and 10,000 μg/ml. PBMC from 63% of Group III individuals showed strong stimulation (SI varying from 6 to 97) in contrast to only 9% from Group I and 22% from Group II individuals. Anti-ML-1 antibodies were detected in 5% and anti-IP antibodies in 11% of subjects in the three groups. They were either of the IgA or IgM type but not of the IgG type. Our findings strongly imply that a non-lectin associated antigen from Iscador Pini is able to activate PBMC from healthy and allergic/atopic individuals, thereby demonstrating sensitization to probably highly conserved plant antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193475
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responsiveness of gene expression markers of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity to calcitonin in the appendicular and axial skeleton of the rat in vivo (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Collagen ; Osteocalcin ; Bone mineral density ; Skeletal heterogeneity ; TRAP ; Cell proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have previously shown that calcitonin (CT), an inhibitor of bone resorption, increases vertebral, but not femoral bone density in the rat [3]. To address the physiologic responses associated with these effects on bone mineral density (BMD), we assessed mRNA transcripts reflecting activities of osteoblasts (type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase), osteoclasts [tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)], and cell proliferation (histone H4) in the spine and femur of these rats. CT increased spine BMD while increasing type I collagen and decreasing TRAP and histone mRNAs. In the femur, where CT had no effect on BMD, it decreased type I collagen and histone H4 mRNA but did not affect TRAP. CT had no effect on the gene expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, or alkaline phosphatase at either site. The results indicate that selective alterations in gene expression, as reflected by steady state mRNA levels, are consistent with the changes observed by BMD measurement, and can more clearly define the specific contribution from osteoblast and osteoclast activity. This study demonstrates a heterogeneity in response of the axial and appendicular skeleton to CT, reflected by alterations in gene expression that provide a basis for understanding the observed BMD responses to various pharmacologic interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334334
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serumspiegel und organablagerungen vonΒ 2-mikroglobulin bei dialysepatienten (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1150-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Β 2-Mikroglobulin ; AB-Amyloid ; Dialysis ; Arthropathy ; Spondylarthropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In radioimmunological estimation ofΒ 2-microglobulin (Β 2m) significant higher serum values were found in 36 dialysis patients (44.4±20.3 mg/l) in comparison with healthy probands (1.5±0.2 mg/l). A significant relation to the duration of dialysis, diuresis, symptoms of the musculo-skeletal system, but not to radiologic changes or bone biopsy findings could be seen. Post mortem examinations carried out in 21 dialysis patients revealed AB-amyloid depositis in synovial tissue of different joints (particularly shoulder and hip joint) or intervertebral discs in eight patients (age 48 to 73 years, dialysis duration less than four years) without correlation to serumΒ 2m level or radiographically suspect areas. In the tissue of cervical spine or intervertebral discs of two patients suffering from destructive spondylarthropathy no amyloid could be detected. These results suggest that AB-amyloid may occur in elderly patients early in the course of hemodialysis and may be asymptomatic in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01798067
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do limited changes in phosphate intake modulate 1,25(OH)2D3 levels in early renal failure? (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 564-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00866509
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of clarithromycin and penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 10 (1991), S. 949-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of clarithromycin in the treatment of patients with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Subjects were treated with either 250 mg clarithromycin twice daily or 250 mg penicillin V four times a day for 10 days and followed for approximately three weeks post-treatment. At the completion of therapy, 96 % (45/47) of patients treated with clarithromycin and 89 % (43/48) of patients treated with penicillin V were clinically cured or improved. Recurrence of symptoms occurred in 7 and 5 patients who were treated with clarithromycin and penicillin V respectively. Initial bacteriologic eradication was observed in all but one patient. Recurrence ofStreptococcus pyogenes occurred in 5 (11 %) patients who received clarithromycin and 7 (15 %) patients who received penicillin V. The majority of adverse events reported during this study were mild and involved the gastrointestinal tract. Diarrhea was more frequent in patients who received clarithromycin. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, clarithromycin was as safe and effective as penicillin V in the treatment ofStreptococcus pyogenes throat infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02005450
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection with ceftibuten (1991)
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 124-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ceftibuten ist ein Oralcephalosporin der dritten Generation mit erhöhter Aktivität gegenEnterobacteriaceae-Arten. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit dieses neuen Antibiotikums wurden in einer offenen Studie bei 74 Frauen mit akuter, unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektion geprüft. Die Patientinnen erhielten sieben Tage lang eine einmal tägliche Dosis von 400 mg Ceftibuten oral. Nach Ende der Therapie wurden vier bis sechs Wochen lang Nachuntersuchungen vorgenommen. In allen Fällen war eine Erregereradikation nachzuweisen, darunter waren auch fünf Fälle, bei denen koagulase-negative Staphylokokken mit Resistenz gegen Ceftibuten aus dem Urin isoliert worden waren. Eine Heilung war fünf bis neun Tage nach Behandlungsende bei 93% der Patientinnen eingetreten. Rezidive wurden in einem von fünf Fällen auf eine Reinfektion zurückgeführt, in vier Fällen durch den ursprünglichen Keim. Vier bis sechs Wochen nach Therapie hatten weitere fünf Patientinnen erneut Infektionsschübe entwickelt. Insgesamt kam es in dieser Studie zu einer Heilungsrate von 85%. Nebenwirkungen, die unter der Therapie mit Ceftibuten auftraten, waren meistens leicht und betrafen den Gastrointestinaltrakt. Die häufigste Nebenwirkung war Diarrhoe. Der Latex-Agglutinationstest fürClostridium difficile war in drei von acht Fällen mit Diarrhoe (11% des Gesamtkollektivs) positiv. Bei Frauen mit akuter, unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektion erwies sich die Therapie mit Ceftibuten als wirksam und im allgemeinen sicher. Bedenken ergeben sich aus der hohen Diarrhoerate in dieser Studie.
    Notes: Summary Ceftibuten is an orally active third generation cephalosporin with increased potency against members of theEnterobacteriaceae. In this study, 74 women with acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) were enrolled in an open study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new antibiotic. Patients were treated with 400 mg ceftibuten once daily for seven days and followed for four to six weeks after cessation of therapy. All pathogens were eradicated during treatment, including five coagulase-negative staphylococci that were resistant to ceftibuten. At five to nine days posttreatment, 93% of patients were cured. Of the five recurrent infections, four patients had a relapse and one had a reinfection. By four to six weeks post-treatment, five additional patients had recurrent infections. The overall cure rate was 85% in this study. Most ceftibuten-associated adverse effects were mild and involved the gastrointestinal tract. Diarrhea was the most commonly reported side effect. Of the eight (11%) patients who developed diarrhea, three had a positive latex agglutination test forClostridium difficile. The diarrhea resolved in all patients without sequelae. Ceftibuten was effective and generally safe in the treatment of women with acute uncomplicated UTI. The high incidence of diarrhea observed in this study is a concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01645584
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of phosphoprotein gene expression in three osteopetrotic rat mutations: Elevated mrna transcripts, protein synthesis, and accumulation in bone of mutant animals (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 158 (1994), S. 110-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Osteoclast abnormalities that characterize osteopetrosis, a disorder of bone resorption, may derive from aberrant signals from the osteoblast or the bone matrix. In the present studies, both synthesis and the bone matrix content of the major bone phosphoprotein component, osteopontin, were found to be elevated in three osteopetrotic rat mutations (ia, op, and tl). In whole bone, a twofold increase in the content of the characteristic amino acid O-phosphoserine for osteopontin occurred in op and tl mutant long bone, but a smaller (15%) and more variable increase was observed in ia mutant rat long bone. Extraction of the bone matrix components and partial purification by reverse phase chromatography showed a twofold increase in a phosphoprotein fraction relative to other noncollagenous components. Amino acid analysis and staining characteristics of SDS-PAGE fractionated proteins indicated this to be osteopontin. Organ cultures of calvarial bone from 4 day ia osteopetrotic mutant and normal rats in the presence of 3H-proline showed increased synthesis of this 60 kD protein, which was stimulated by vitamin D. Preparation of total cellular RNA from bone of 2- and 6-weekold mutants and normal rats supported increased synthesis of osteopontin as reflected by hybridization with osteopontin cDNA probe, showing significantly higher levels of mRNA transcripts in ia (3-5 fold), tl (1.4-2 fold), and op (6-25 fold) mutant bone compared to normal littermates. The changes in osteopontin mRNA levels in mutant bone were also examined in relation to other growth and phenotype-expressed genes. The findings of increased accumulation of osteopontin in osteopetrotic bone and increased synthesis by osteoblasts are interesting in light of the previously reported decrease in bone osteocalcin content (Endocrinology, 126:966, 1990), confirmed here by decreased osteocalcin mRNA transcripts. Such aberrations in the composition of skeletal extracellular matrix could be a reflection of or a contributing factor to the osteoclast abnormalities of some of these osteopetrotic disorders. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041580114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors that promote progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype in cultured fetal rat calvaria cells (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 143 (1990), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat calvaria osteoblasts derived from 21-day-old fetal rat pups undergo a temporal expression of markers of the osteoblast phenotype during a 5 week culture period. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin are sequentially expressed in relation to collagen accumulation and mineralization. This pattern of expression of these osteoblast parameters in cultured rat osteoblasts (ROB) is analogous to that seen in vivo in developing fetal rat calvaria tissue (Yoon et. al: Biochem. Biophis. Res. Commun. 148:1129, 1987) and is similar to that observed in cultures of subcultivated 16-day-old embryonic chick calvaria-derived osteoblasts (COB) (Gerstenfeld, et. al: Dev. Biol. 122:46, 1987). While the cellular organization of subcultivated COB and primary ROB cultures are somewhat different, the temporal expression of the parameters remains. Both the rat and chick culture systems support formation of matrix mineralization even in the absence of β-glycerol-phosphate. A systematic examination of factors which constitute conditions supporting complete expression of the osteoblast phenotype in ROB cultures indicate requirements for specific serum lots, ascorbic acid and the ordered deposition of mineral in the extracellular matrix. The present studies suggest that formation of a collagenous matrix, dependent on ascorbic acid, is requisite for expression of the osteoblast phenotype. In ROB cultures, expression of osteocalcin synthesis occurs subsequent to initiation of alkaline phosphatase activity and accompanies the formation of mineralized nodules. Thus, extracellular matrix mineralization (deposition of hydroxyapatite) is required for complete development of the osteoblast phenotype, as reflected by a 200-fold increase in osteocalcin synthesis. These data show the temporal expression of the various osteoblast parameters during the formation and mineralization of an extracellular matrix can provide markers reflective of various stages of osteoblast differentiation/maturation in vitro.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041430203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptionally active nuclei isolated from intact bone reflect modified levels of gene expression in skeletal development and pathology (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 55 (1994), S. 182-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: rat bone transcription ; rat bone transcription factors ; osteopetrotic bone transcription ; osteocalcin transcription ; collagen transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in vivo in bone, associated with normal development or skeletal disorders, to date, has not been studied. We report the successful isolation of nuclei that are transcriptionally active from normal and osteopetrotic rat bone. Transcription rates of cell growth and bone-related genes (including histone H4, c-fos, c-jun, TGFβ1, β2 macroglobulin, collagen, fibronectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and tartrate resistent acid phosphatase) change as a function of calvarial development from birth to 6 weeks and are selectively modified in osteopetrotic animals. Additionally, nuclei isolated from intact bone yield promoter binding factors. Bone nuclei, which transcribe faithfully and contain the normal complement of nuclear protein factors, offer a powerful approach for investigating in vivo gene regulation in skeletal development and pathology. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240550205
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