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  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influenza viral infection of swine in the United States 1988–1989 (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 116 (1991), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Swine are an animal reservoir for influenza viruses capable of causing disease in humans. A serological survey in 1988–1989 demonstrates that subtype H1 influenza viruses continue to circulate at high frequency among swine in the north-central U.S.A. (average 51% incidence). Subtype H3 viruses antigenically similar to current human H3 viruses are circulating at low frequency (average 1.1%), particularly in the southeast U.S.A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319247
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Replication of avian influenza viruses in humans (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 119 (1991), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Volunteers inoculated with avian influenza viruses belonging to subtypes currently circulating in humans (H1N1 and H3N2) were largely refractory to infection. However 11 out of 40 volunteers inoculated with the avian subtypes, H4N8, H6N1, and H10N7, shed virus and had mild clinical symptoms: they did not produce a detectable antibody response. This was presumably because virus multiplication was limited and insufficient to stimulate a detectable primary immune response. Avian influenza viruses comprise hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes 1–14 and it is possible that HA genes not so far seen in humans could enter the human influenza virus gene pool through reassortment between avian and circulating human viruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314321
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 135 (1994), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the findings of a 12-year surveillance study (1977–89) of avian influenza A viruses in eastern Germany. Viruses were isolated directly from feral ducks (n=236) and other wild birds (n=89); from domestic ducks (n=735) living on a single farm; and from white Pekin ducks (n=193) used as sentinels for populations of wild aquatic birds; mainly sea birds. The efficiency of virus isolation was 9.9% overall, with considerable variability noted among species: 8.7% in wild ducks, 0.9% in other feral birds and 38% in Pekin ducks. Use of sentinel ducks in wild pelagic bird colonies improved virus detection rates fivefold, suggesting that this approach is advantageous in ecological studies. Among the 40 different combinations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes we identified, H6N1 predominated (23.6% for all avian species), followed by H4N6 (11%). Among individual species, the frequency profiles favored H2N3 (20.8%) and H4N6 (20.3%) in feral ducks; H7N7 (22.3%), H4N6 (24.4%) and H2N3 (10.4%) in Pekin ducks used as sentinels; and H6N1 (34.8%) and H6N6 (15.1%) in domestic ducks maintained on a single farm. By relying on sentinel birds for serological assays, it was possible to trace an “influenza season” in feral swan populations, beginning in August and continuing through the winter months. Comparison of subtype distribution of influenza viruses for Europe and North American showed significant differences. This supports the fact of two geographically distinct gene pools of influenza viruses in birds connected with their distinct flyways of each hemisphere. The high frequency of isolation of H2 influenza viruses is of considerable interest to those interested in the recycling of this subtype in humans. Similarly the frequent isolation of H7N7 influenza viruses raises concern about reservoirs of potentially pathogenic influenza virus for domestic poultry. Our results confirm the existence of a vast reservoir of influenza A viruses in European aquatic birds, which possesses sufficient diversity to account for strains that infect lower animals and humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309768
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of persistence of influenza virus genetic information in ducks (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 111 (1990), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clearance of infectious virus and RNA occurred concurrently after oral infection of ducks with influenza virus. There was no evidence from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene for persistence of viral genetic information. No detectable RNA was found in the spleen indicating processing of antigen near the site of replication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311060
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic evidence for the association of M 2 protein with the influenza virion (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 118 (1991), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that site-specific antibodies elicited by a synthetic peptide representing the N-terminal sequence (residues 2–10) of influenza virus M 2 protein were capable of binding to the surface of virions. Antibody binding was observed with two human influenza virus strains but not with an avian virus strain which has amino acid substitutions in the appropriate sequence of M 2. These results provide direct evidence for the presence of M 2 in the influenza virion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314030
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between drug resistance and antigenicity among norakin-resistant mutants of influenza A (fowl plague) virus (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 124 (1992), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Norakin-resistant (NR) mutants of fowl plague virus (A/FPV/Wey-bridge, H7N7) have 1 to 2 (in one instance 3) amino acid substitutions in different positions of the heavy (HA 1) and/or light (HA 2) subunits of the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule. Investigation of NR mutants using the haemagglutination inhibition test with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the HA of A/seal/Massachusetts/80 (H7N7) virus revealed that one of the mutants (NR 1) differs antigenically from the wild-type fowl plague virus: its haemagglutination was not inhibited by MAb 55/2 and 58/6. By contrast, MAb-resistant (escape) mutants, selected from the wild-type fowl plague virus under pressure from MAb 55/2 or 58/6, showed reduced drug sensitivity. These findings suggest a possibility of correlation between alteration of influenza virus antigenicity and change of its sensitivity to drugs whose target is the haemagglutinin. This potential effect should be taken into account when antiviral substances directed to surface influenza virus antigens are being developed for use as antiviral drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314632
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding affinity of influenza virus N9 neuraminidase with Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies NC10 and NC41 (1993)
    Springer
    The protein journal 12 (1993), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Neuraminidase ; antibody ; binding ; sedimentation equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation has been applied to determine the affinity and stoichiometry of the interaction between Fab fragments, derived from monoclonal antibodies NC10 and NC41, with influenza virus neuraminidase N9 isolated from either tern or whale. Although the two neuraminidase epitopes recognized by NC10 and NC41 Fab overlap, crystal-lographic studies have shown that the modes of binding of each Fab are different. The sedimentation equilibrium experiments described here reveal that the binding affinities are also different, with NC10 Fab binding more strongly to each neuraminidase. Furthermore, comparison of the affinity of binding of each antibody fragment reveals a stronger interaction with tern neuraminidase than with whale neuraminidase. Although the respective epitopes recognized by each antibody on the two antigens are similar, this technique shows that they do nevertheless possess sufficient differences to affect significantly the binding of antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028188
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S15.3 Sialyl sugar chain-method recognition of influenza viruses (1993)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 10 (1993), S. 312-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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