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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Nicotinamide, the water-soluble amide of nicotinic acid, is a component of the two most important coenzymes – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Thus nicotinamide is involved in numerous oxidation–reduction reactions in mammalian biological systems. Nicotinamide essentially acts as an antioxidant. Most effects are exerted via poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibition. Thus nicotinamide increasingly gains interest in the prevention and treatment of several skin diseases. It is well established in the systemic therapy of pellagra, a deficiency disease linked to nicotinic acid, but with respect to topical use there is still a need for further evidence with respect to its manifold potential uses. Currently, its local use is established in the care of acne-prone skin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 109-113 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): griseofulvin ; skin blister fluid levels ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy subjects ; bioavailability ; protein binding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Griseofulvin and 6-demethylgriseofulvin (6-DMG) in plasma, suction blister fluid (SBF) and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) and urinary excretion of 6-DMG, were evaluated following administration of single oral doses of an ultramicrosize and a microsize formulation of griseofulvin to 6 healthy volunteers. The bioavailability of griseofulvin was higher following the ultramicrosize formulation when 64% of the dose was recovered (via metabolites) versus 52% after the microsize preparation. Penetration into skin blister fluid was delayed as compared to plasma levels; the peak concentration in plasma was observed at 3–4 h, whereas griseofulvin in CBF increased up to 6 h. The terminal half-live was calculated from plasma levels to 9.3 h. The half-lives calculated from SBF and CBF concentrations were 9.2 and 9.8 h, respectively, (n=5). In plasma 84% of griseofulvin was bound to proteins, predominantly to albumin; binding in SBF and CBF was 72 and 82%, respectively. 3 h after drug administration the free concentration in plasma significantly exceeded the free concentrations in SBF and CBF. Distribution equilibrium between plasma and skin blister fluid was observed after 27 h. Thus, during chronic administration, the plasma griseofulvin level should reflect its concentration in the target organ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 351-354 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): griseofulvin ; skin blister fluid ; plasma concentration ; blister fluid concentration ; pharmacokinetics ; microsize formulation ; urinary excretion ; bioavailability ; different formulations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Griseofulvin was administered orally to 6 healthy volunteers for 6 days. The subjects received 500 mg of a microsize formulation and 330 mg of an ultramicrosize formulation, according to a cross-over design. The drug was determined in plasma, suction blister fluid (SBF) and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) following the last dose. Urinary excretion of the main metabolites 6-demethylgriseofulvin (6-DMG) and its glucuronic acid conjugate was also measured. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with those obtained from a recent single dose experiment. On repeated administration, the bioavailability of griseofulvin was significantly lower from the microsize formulation; the urinary recovery of total 6-DMG was 33.8% versus 53.6% on administration of the ultramicrosize material. Bioavailability was reduced as compared to ingestion of a single dose. The reduction was more prominent following the microsize (36%) than the ultramicrosize (17%) formulation. Penetration into skin blister fluid was not altered as compared to the single dose experiment. Relative areas under the blister fluid-time curves amounted to 51% (SBF) and 80% (CBF) of the area under the plasma level-time curve. The concentration of unbound griseofulvin in these body fluids was identical throughout the entire dosage interval. Unbound griseofulvin levels were low in comparison with the minimum inhibitory concentrations for strains of trichophyton and microsporum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): cefodizime ; skin suction blister fluid ; pharmacokinetics ; protein binding ; healthy subjects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cefodizime pharmacokinetics was investigated, evaluating drug concentrations in serum, skin suction blister fluid (SBF), saliva and urine in six healthy male subjects who were administered a 1-g dose intravenously. Serum levels in five subjects can be described according to a two-compartment open model; terminal half-life is 181±14 min. Volume of distribution (Vdβ) amounts to 15.3±1.61, serum clearance to 59±6 ml/min, renal clearance to 33±3 ml/min. Of the administered dose, 54% is renally excreted unchanged within 27 h. Unbound drug fraction in serum is 19.0% and in SBF 38.4%. Thus renal clearance of free cefodizime amounts to 172 ml/min, Vdss to 68.91 (free drug). Whereas cefodizime has not been detected in saliva samples, SBF concentration 3–9 h post administration parallel serum levels, amounting to 40% of the respective serum concentration. At 9 h, unbound cefodizime concentrations in SBF amount to 1.4±0.4 µg/ml, this value being well above the MIC90% values of many clinically relevant bacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 678-680 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The cell wall carbohydrates of 43 strains ofHaemophilus ducreyi isolated in different parts of the world were subjected to lectin analysis using commerical panels containing 14 different plant lectins of known specificity. Preliminary evidence indicated both intrastrain and inter-strain variation in cell wall carbohydrate composition. In addition, it was possible to group strains from different geographical areas by lectin agglutination patterns. Lectin typing might thus become a useful marker system for epidemiological investigation ofHaemophilus ducreyi infections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Infection 17 (1989), S. 377-377 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Five recent gonoccal isolates were exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of several antibioticsin vitro 25 times. In the presence of rifampicin all strains quickly became resistant. In the presence of penicillin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin, antimicrobial susceptibility also decreased. Here development of resistance, however, corresponded to the multi- and not to the one-step type. It seems remarkable that even at the end of the experiments no strain grew at concentrations of ciprofloxacin exceeding 0.064 mg/l. In conclusion, quick development of resistance need not be expected after the introduction of newer quinolones into the therapy of gonorrhoea on a large scale.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Fünf rezente Gonokokkenisolate wurden 25mal in Flüssigmedien überimpft, welche subinhibitorische Konzentrationen verschiedener Antibiotika enthielten. In Gegenwart von Rifampicin wurden alle Stämme schnell resistent (Einschrittyp). In Gegenwart von Penicillin, Enoxacin sowie Ciprofloxacin konnte ebenfalls eine Resistenzsteigerung beobachtet werden. Diese ist jedoch offensichtlich dem langsameren Mehrschrittyp zuzuordnen. Bemerkenswert ist ferner, daß bei Ciprofloxacin, sicherlich mit bedingt durch die von vornherein niedrigere MHK, bei keinem der fünf untersuchten Keime in Gegenwart einer höheren Konzentration als 0,064 mg/l noch Wachstum nach 25 Kulturpassagen auftrat. Eine schnelle Resistenzentwicklung vonNeisseria gonorrhoeae gegenüber Enoxacin oder Ciprofloxacin, welche in der Gonorrhoetherapie eingesetzt werden, muß somit nicht erwartet werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Schlagwort(e): Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Munich isolates ; Plasmid content ; Serotyping ; Antimicrobial susceptibility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Eighty-four strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Munich between January 1987 and June 1988 were characterized in terms of their plasmid content, protein I serovar and susceptibility or resistance to four antimicrobial agents. Eighty two percent of the strains belonged to serogroup 1B, the three most prevalent serovars being 1B-1, 1B-2 and 1B-6. Among the serogroup 1A strains, 1A-2 was the commonest serovar. Fourteen strains (16.7%) lacked the 2.6 Md cryptic plasmid, although two of these strains contained the conjugative gonococcal plasmid. Although some degree of resistance to penicillin and tetracycline was noted, all the strains were sensitive to spectinomycin and cefotiam.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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