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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Step semantics for “true” concurrency with recursion (1989)
    Springer
    Distributed computing 3 (1989), S. 130-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0452
    Keywords: Denotational semantics ; True concurrency ; Smyth powerdomain of streams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a variety of denotational linear time semantics for a language with recursion and “true” concurrency in a form of synchronous co-operation, which in the literature is known as step semantics. We show that this can be done by a generalization of known results for interleaving semantics. A general method is presented to define semantical operators and denotational semantics in the Smyth powerdomain of streams. With this method, first a naive and then more sophisticated semantics for synchronous co-operation are developed, which include such features as interleaving and synchronization. Then we refine the semantics to deal with a bounded number of processors, subatomic actions, maximal parallelism and a real-time operator. Finally, it is indicated how to apply these ideas to branching-time models, where it becomes possible to analyze deadlock behaviour as well as a form of “true” concurrency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanosphaera stadtmaniae gen. nov., sp. nov.: a species that forms methane by reducing methanol with hydrogen (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanosphaera stadtmaniae ; Hydrogen ; Methanol ; Methane ; Human large intestine ; Methanobacteriaceae ; Archaebacterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanosphaera stadtmaniae is a non-motile, Gram-positive spherical-shaped organism that obtains energy for growth by using hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane. It does not produce methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide, formate, acetate or methylamines and cannot grow with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, nitrate, fumarate, sulfate or choline. Its pH optimum is 6.5 to 6.9 and its temperature optimum is 36° to 40° C. It is not inhibited by bile salts, inhibitors of the synthesis of folic acid coenzymes, cephalothin or clindamycin but is inhibited by metronidazole, bacitracin, monensin, lasalocid, or bromoethanesulfonate. It requires acetate, carbon dioxide, isoleucine, ammonium, and thiamin for growth and biotin is stimulatory. It does not contain cytochromes and the mol % G+C of its DNA is 25.8. The composition of its cell wall and 16 S rRNA and its immunological fingerprint are consistent with characterization of the organism as a member of a new genus of the family Methanobacteriaceae. The habitat of the type strain is the human large intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423270
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognosis and work absence due to occupational contact dermatitis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The consequences of a diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) were investigated using cases available from the voluntary surveillance scheme, EPIDERM. Cases of OCD reported from November 1994 to September 1995 were identified and sampled to give at least 100 cases of allergic, irritant and mixed OCD reported by consultant dermatologists (344 cases) and occupational physicians (377 cases). A questionnaire was sent to the reporting physician to elicit further information. 512 completed questionnaires were returned, of which 510 were eligible for analysis. Among cases reported by dermatologists (n = 286) and occupational physicians (n = 224), 7% (6.3%) had been unemployed and 16.8% (20.1%) had taken sick leave. 3 factors independently predicted time off work in a logistic regression analysis: age OR = 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05–1.49), allergic dermatitis OR = 1.77 (95% CI, 1.13–2.79) and medicolegal assessment OR = 4.42 (95% CI, 2.20–8.89). Overall, 15.7% did not improve clinically between the first and last visit. Those who did not improve had been exposed to the agent for longer (mean 7.6 years) than those who did (5.3 years) (p = 0.09). In patients ≤ 45 years, those reported to be atopic failed to improve (25.4%) more often than those not atopic (13.4%) (p = 0.04). The substantial numbers (21%) with time off work and with persistent dermatitis suggest that OCD continues to have a significant impact on workers and their employers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460505.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High gain, multiatmosphere CO2 laser amplifier (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel TE discharge, 15-mm aperture, multiatmosphere, CO2 laser amplifier is described, with measured electrical characteristics and gain measurements on the 9.294-μm, 9R(16) line. The electrical circuit used in this amplifier is a realistic alternative to the Marx bank or conventional LC inversion circuit and, similarly, it would be useful for excitation of other gas lasers as well. This automatically preionized, double-sided, fourfold LC inversion circuit uses only one spark gap, and it is shown to provide small-signal gains of 5.7% cm−1, at 120 J l−1 atm−1 and 10 atm. The generalization to an n–stage device, which would be suitable for higher pressures, and larger apertures, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggressive periodontitis – what exactly is it? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00602.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhinovirus infection up-regulates eotaxin and eotaxin-2 expression in bronchial epithelial cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most common precipitants of asthma exacerbations. RV infection of bronchial epithelium results in local airway inflammation inducing eosinophil recruitment and activation. Induction of eosinophil chemoattractants could represent a central mechanism, as well as a prime target for intervention.Objective To assess the effect of RV infection on mRNA expression and production of eosinophil chemoattractants by bronchial epithelial cells in-vitro.Methods BEAS-2B cells were infected with major and minor RVs and the mRNA expression of IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, eotaxin, eotaxin-2, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MCP-4 was assessed by reverse transcription PCR. In cases where mRNA induction was observed, a fluoroimmunoassay was used to confirm protein production. To assess the virus-specificity of the observed reactions, cells were also exposed to inactivated RVs.Results RV infection was able to up-regulate mRNA expression of IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, eotaxin and eotaxin-2, did not affect MCP-4, while MCP-2 and MCP-3 were not expressed either at baseline or after virus infection. Protein production was confirmed for IL-8, RANTES and eotaxin, but not for MIP-1α. When RVs were inactivated cytokine up-regulation was almost completely lost.Conclusion Infection of bronchial epithelial cells with RVs results in the production of a wide array of mediators that are able to chemoattract eosinophils. These include the eosinophil-specific molecules eotaxin and eotaxin-2, in addition to IL-8 and RANTES, which are the most abundant. Eosinophil recruitment after RV infection of bronchial epithelium could represent a central event in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01112.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of a sub-tropical low gradient black water river (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 17 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Single-station diel oxygen curves were used to monitor the oxygen metabolism of the Ogeechee River, a sixth-order blackwater river in the Coastal Plain of southeastern U.S.A., over a period of 4 years. Ecosystem production (P) and respiration (R) were estimated, and P/R ratios calculated to determine the extent of autotrophy characteristic of this type of river. The potential error in oxygen metabolism caused by photo-oxidation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water was measured and found to be minor.2. Rates of ecosystem primary production measured were intermediate compared to other rivers, ranging from 0.49 to 13.99g O2m−2 day −1.Primary production rates were highest during the summer when water levels were low. Regression analysis indicated that water depth and light absorption by DOM were significant predictors of primary production in this river. Incident light intensities were not significantly correlated with production rate.3. Respiration rates were unusually high, varying between 3.70 and 11.5 g O2 m−2 day − 1. System respiration also varied seasonally, but less than primary production. Rates were slightly higher in spring and summer.4. With one exception, P/R ratios were considerably lower than l throughout the study period, indicating that the Ogeechee River was highly heterotrophic. PIR ratios ranged from 0.09 to 1.3, and averaged 0.25.5. A carbon budget calculated for this river showed floodplain inputs were 7 times autochthonous production. Organic carbon turnover length was 690 km, considerably longer than has been reported for lower-order rivers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01046.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in soil chemistry and aggregate stability induced by fertilizer applications, burning and trash retention on a long-term sugarcane experiment in South Africa (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Throughout the world there is a trend towards retaining crop residues rather than burning them. For this reason, changes in soil chemistry and aggregation in a Vertisol induced by 59 years of burning or green cane harvesting with or without annual fertilizer applications were investigated. Crop residues were either burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues raked off (R1), burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues left on the soil surface (R2), or left unburnt with all the trash left on the soil surface (R3). Concentrations of organic C in the surface 10 cm of soil increased with fertilizer applications and with increasing amounts of crop residue returned in the order R1 〈 R2 〈 R3. Fertilizer applications caused an accumulation of residual P in both inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) forms. A sequential P fractionation showed that fertilizer P accumulated in both labile and recalcitrant Pi and Po forms, and trash retention caused an accumulation of recalcitrant Po. Concentrations of K decreased in the unfertilized R1 and R2 treatments because K reserves were depleted. By contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of K in the fertilized R3 treatment. The soil became more acid on the fertilized and, to a lesser extent, trash retention plots. We attribute this to nitrification and subsequent nitrate leaching. Acidification resulted in a loss of exchangeable Ca and Mg, a decrease in ECEC, and an increase in the concentrations of total and monomeric Al in soil solution, in exchangeable Al3+ and in the buffering reserve of non-exchangeable Al associated with organic matter. Aggregate stability was increased by increasing crop residues but decreased by fertilizer applications. The decrease was attributed to an increase in the proportion of exchangeable cations present in monovalent form due to applications of fertilizer K and leaching of Ca and Mg. We conclude that trash retention and annual fertilizer applications have substantial long-term effects on both organic matter status and soil pH and therefore on other soil chemical and physical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00472.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in physical and chemical properties of a dental palladium—silver alloy during metal—porcelain bonding (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hardening ability of a dental palladium–silver (Pd–Ag–Sn–In) bonding alloy has been investigated, and the distribution of the elements along the metal–ceramic interface have been studied by microprobe analysis. The alloy was found to be highly heterogeneous in its ‘as-cast’ condition, but homogenized alloy was obtained after heating the alloy at 1000°C for 2h. Hardening occurred after annealing at 650°C for 1 h. A longer thermal treatment caused the hardness to decrease (over-ageing). The change in hardness could be attributed to an internal oxidation phenomenon. The additional elements tin and indium segregated towards the ceramic–metal interface, with a diffusion of indium only into the porcelain. Diffusion of silver in the ceramics, supposed to be the cause of the ‘greening’ of dental porcelains baked on silver-rich alloys, has not been detected by the microprobe across the interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1986.tb00667.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shubnikov–de Haas measurements on n- and p-type HgTe-CdTe superlattices (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oscillatory magnetoresistance (Shubnikov–de Haas) measurements have been used to determine free-carrier effective masses in HgTe-CdTe superlattices. Measurements on an n-type superlattice yield an electron mass that is in excellent agreement with theoretical results from a tight-binding band-structure calculation. The p-type data are more complex, showing evidence for a light-hole mass at low magnetic fields and a much heavier mass at fields above 2.0 T. This finding is also in agreement with the predictions of band-structure theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343873
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