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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 48 (1985), S. 837-840 
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 459 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Midline granuloma ; Histochemistry ; B cell NHL ; T cell NHL ; Malignant histiocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present report describes the results of a combined morphological, enzyme- and immunohistochemical analysis of nine cases of malignant non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) clinically presenting as lethal midline granuloma. In a previous report written before antibodies directed against B and T lymphocytes were available, a histiocytic origin of such neoplasms had been suggested. A panel of antibodies reactive with most B cells (L26, MB1, KiB3) and a majority of T cells (MT1, UCHL1) was applied on paraffin sections of formalin fixed tissues as well as antibodies directed against leukocyte common antigen (LCA), myeloid/histiocyte antigen (MAC 387), lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein, prekeratin and immunoglobulin light chains. Enzyme histochemistry included tests for non-specific acid esterase, acid phosphatase, betaglucuronidase and chloroacetate esterase. As a result, five T, two B and two unclassified (malignant histiocytosis probable) NHL were identified, indicating distinct heterogeneity of NHL as causative disorders in lethal midline granuloma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: chlorprothixene ; geometric isomers (cis and trans isomers) ; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ; nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Proton NMR spectroscopy was applied to the assignment of the isomeric identity of commercially available chlorprothixene. Nuclear Overhauser effect studies confirmed that the clinically useful isomer is the cis (Z) configuration. An NMR method for determining the isomeric content of chlorprothixene was developed based on integration of the ratio of areas of signal strength of the cis-N-methyl in comparison to the trans-N-methyl resonances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 796-813 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Elektron-Donor-Acceptor-Verbindungen, XXXVI Chinone und Chinhydrone der [2.2]- und [3.3]Metaparacyclophan-ReihenDie isomeren Chinhydrone 1 und 2 sowie das Bis(chinon) 6 der [2.2]Metaparacyclophan-Reihe wurden synthetisiert. Vorstufe dieser Verbindungen war das Tetramethoxy[2.2]metaparacyclophan 3, das über 4 und 5 dargestellt wurde. Röntgen-Strukturanalysen von 1, 3 und 6 werden im Hinblick auf die sterische Spannung dieser Moleküle und die Donor-Acceptor-Orientierung in 1 diskutiert. Charge-transfer-Absorptionen von 1 und 2 werden ebenso behandelt wie der Circulardichroismus von 1, das in Enantiomere getrennt werden konnte.  -  Auf analogem Wege wurden die isomeren Chinhydrone 13 und 14 sowie das Bis(chinon) 15 der [3.3]Metaparacyclophan-Reihe dargestellt. Der Unterschied in der sterischen Spannung zwischen den [3.3]- und [2.2]-Metaparacyclophan-Reihen wird auf der Grundlage der Röntgen-Strukturanalyse von 13 diskutiert. Charge-transfer-Absorptionen von 13 und 14 werden angegeben.
    Notes: The isomeric quinhydrones 1 and 2 as well as the bis(quinone) 6 of the [2.2]metaparacyclophane series were synthesized. Precursor of these products was the tetramethoxy[2.2]metaparacyclophane 3 which was prepared via 4 and 5. X-ray structure analyses of 1, 3 and 6 are discussed with regard to the steric strain in these molecules and the donor-acceptor orientation in 1. Charge-transfer absorptions of 1 and 2 are reported as well as circular dichroism of 1 which was separated into enantiomers.  -  Following an analogous route the isomeric quinhydrones 13 and 14 as well as the bis(quinone) 15 of the [3.3]metaparacyclophane series were prepared. The difference in steric strain of the [3.3]- in comparison to the [2.2]metaparacyclophane series is discussed on the basis of an X-ray structure analysis of 13. Charge-transfer absorptions of 13 and 14 are reported.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1230-1253 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron Donor-Acceptor Compounds, XXXIX. Quinones and Quinhydrones of the [2.2]Metacyclophane SeriesStarting from dithia[3.3]metacyclophanes 5/6, which are available by cyclisation of correspondingly substituted bis(bromomethyl) and bis(mercaptomethyl) compounds, via the disulfones 7/8 and by Stevens or Wittig rearrangements to 12/13 and subsequent reductive desulfuration anti- and syn-tetramethoxy[2.2]metacyclophanes 9 and 10 were prepared. Attempts to partially demethylate 9 and 10 led by transanular reaction with and without loss of intraanular substituents to 14-17 in addition to the anti- and syn-[2.2]metacyclophane quinhydrones 3 and 4. Complete demethylation and subsequent oxidation resulted in the formation of the isomeric [2.2]benzoquinonophanes 18 and 19. Catalytic hydrogenation of 19 did not yield the quinhydrone 2 but proceeded by transanular reaction to the isomeric 16. - The structure of the compounds obtained was determined on the basis of spectroscopic results, especially by 1H NMR investigations which also allowed the unambigious assignment to the anti- and syn-series. For 4 and 16 X-ray structure analyses were solved on the basis of which the unusual steric strain of the substituted [2.2]metacyclophanes is discussed. - As further highly substituted [2.2]metacyclophanes 20 and 21 were prepared from the precursors 23 and 24. For spectroscopic comparison 25 and 26 were synthesized from 27 via 28. - The electronic spectra of the anti- and syn-[2.2]metacyclophane quinhydrones 3 and 4 are discussed in comparison to 9, 10, 26, 18, 19, and 25. In spite of the completely different donor-acceptor overlap resulting from the two distinct sterical structures, for 3 and 4 surprisingly similar charge-transfer absorptions are observed.
    Notes: Ausgehend von den Dithia[3.3]metacyclophanen 5/6, die durch Cyclisierung entsprechend substituierter Bis(brommethyl)- und Bis(mercaptomethyl)-Verbindungen zugänglich sind, wurden über die Disulfone 7/8 sowie durch Stevens- und Wittig-Umlagerung zu 12/13 und nachfolgende reduktive Entschwefelung die anti- und syn-Tetramethoxy[2.2]metacyclophane 9 und 10 dargestellt. Versuche der partiellen Demethylierung von 9 und 10 führten durch transanulare Reaktion mit und ohne Verlust der intraanularen Substituenten zu 14-17 neben den anti- und syn-[2.2]-Metacyclophan-Chinhydronen 3 und 4. Vollständige Entmethylierung und anschließende Oxidation führten zu den isomeren [2.2]Benzochinonophanen 18 und 19. Katalytische Hydrierung von 19 ergab nicht das Chinhydron 2, sondern durch transanulare Reaktion das isomere 16. - Die Struktur der erhaltenen Verbindungen wurde aufgrund spektroskopischer Ergebnisse ermittelt, besonders durch 1H-NMR-Untersuchungen, die auch die eindeutige Zuordnung zur anti- und syn- Reihe erlaubten. Für 4 und 16 wurden Röntgen-Strukturanalysen durchgeführt, auf deren Basis die ungewöhnliche sterische Spannung der substituierten [2.2]Metacyclophane diskutiert wird. - Als weitere hochsubstituierte [2.2]Metacyclophane wurden 20 und 21 aus den Vorstufen 23 und 24 dargestellt. Für spektroskopische Vergleiche synthetisierte man 25 und 26 aus 27 über 28. - Die Elektronenspektren der anti- und syn-[2.2]Metacyclophan-Chinhydrone 3 und 4 werden im Vergleich zu 9, 10, 26, 18, 19 und 25 diskutiert. Trotz der sehr unterschiedlichen räumlichen Struktur und der dadurch bedingten völlig verschiedenen Donor-Acceptor-Überlappung werden für 3 und 4 überraschend ähnliche Charge-Transfer-Absorptionen beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1204-1229 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron Donor-Acceptor Compounds, XXXVIII. Electron Donor-Acceptor [2.2]Metacyclophanes: Synthesis, Structure, and Charge-Transfer SpectraDonor-acceptor [2.2]metacyclophanes 1-4 as well as 24 were synthesized via the correspondingly substituted 2,11-dithia[3.3]metacyclophanes 8, 13, and 25 and their disulfone derivatives. The anti-compound 1 and the syn-isomer 2 were isolated and characterized. The attempt of the analogous synthesis of 5/6 via 21 and 22 failed since with loss of the intraanular substituents and by transanular C — C formation the tetrahydropyrene derivative 23 was formed. For spectroscopic comparison 27 was prepared via 28. - X-Ray structure analyses of 21, 24, and 25 were performed. The molecular structures of these compounds are discussed under the aspects of sterical strain and donor-acceptor overlap. The structure analyses confirm the assignment to the syn- and anti-series as derived from 1H NMR. - Absorption spectra of 1, 2, 3, and 24 were measured; especially the surprising absorption behaviour of the isomers 1 and 2 with very different donor-acceptor overlap was of interest. Determination of the solvent dependence of fluorescence made sure that the absorptions dealt with are indeed charge-transfer transitions.
    Notes: Donor-Acceptor-[2.2]Metacyclophane 1-4 sowie 24 wurden über die entsprechend substituierten 2,11-Dithia[3.3]metacyclophane 8, 13 und 25 und die davon abgeleiteten Disulfone synthetisiert. Die anti-Verbindung 1 und das syn-Isomere 2 konnten isoliert und charakterisiert werden. Der Versuch der entsprechenden Synthese von 5/6 über 21 und 22 schlug fehl, da unter Verlust der intraanularen Substituenten und transanularer C — C-Verknüpfung das Tetrahydropyren-Derivat 23 entstand. Für spektroskopische Vergleichszwecke wurde 27 über 28 dargestellt. - Röntgen-Strukturanalysen von 21, 24 und 25 wurden ausgeführt. Die Molekülstruktur dieser Verbindungen wird unter den Aspekten der sterischen Spannung und der Donor-Acceptor-Überlappung diskutiert. Die Strukturanalysen bestätigen die aus 1H-NMR-Daten abgeleiteten Zuordnungen zu den syn- und anti-Reihen. - Die Absorptionsspektren von 1, 2, 3 und 24 werden angegeben, wobei besonders das überraschende Absorptionsverhalten der Isomeren 1 und 2 mit sehr unterschiedlicher Donor-Acceptor-Überlappung interessierte. Die Bestimmung der Lösungsmittel-Abhängigkeit der Fluoreszenz ergab, daß es sich bei den behandelten langwelligen Absorptionen tatsächlich um Charge-Transfer-Absorptionen handelt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1254-1260 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron Donor-Acceptor Compounds, XL. Theoretical Explanation of Charge-Transfer Absorptions of syn- and anti-Donor-Acceptor MetacyclophanesThe similarity of charge-transfer absorptions which in spite of the very different donor-acceptor arrangement has been observed for syn-anti isomeric donor-acceptor metacyclophanes (1-4) is explained by the aid of simple theoretical considerations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nikotinamid-Coenzym-Modelle, I.  -  Synthese und Molekülstruktur von vier isomeren Bis(methoxycarbonyl)[2.2](2,5)pyridinophaneAls Nikotinamid-Coenzym-Modelle wurden die [2.2](2,5)Pyridinophane 3-6 dargestellt, die jeweils zwei in Wechselwirkung stehende Nikotinester-Einheiten in den vier verschiedenen möglichen Orientierungen enthalten. 3-6 wurden durch photolytische Schwefel-Extrusion aus den entsprechenden Dithia[3.3](2,5)pyridinophanen 18-21 erhalten, deren Synthesen beschrieben werden.  -  Die Molekülstruktur wurde für alle vier Isomeren 3-6 durch Röntgen-Strukturanalyse bestimmt. Die sterischen Wechselwirkungen und einige spektroskopische Eigenschaften werden auf der Grundlage der Strukturbestimmungen diskutiert.
    Notes: As nicotinamide coenzyme models the [2.2](2,5)pyridinophanes 3-6 were prepared which consist of two interacting nicotinic ester units in the four different orientations possible. 3-6 were obtained by photolytic sulfur extrusion from the corresponding dithia-[3.3](2,5)pyridinophanes 18-21 the syntheses of which are described.  -  The molecular structures for all four isomers 3-6 were determined by X-ray analysis. The sterical interactions and some spectroscopic properties of these compounds are discussed on the basis of the structure determinations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nikotinamid-Coenzym-Modelle, II. Bis(methoxycarbonyl)-N,N′-dimethyl[2.2](2,5)pyridiniophan-diiodide: Darstellung, Struktur und Reduktion zu halbreduzierten SystemenAusgehend von den Pyridinophanen 1-4(1), die jeweils zwei Nikotinsäureester-Einheiten in den vier verschiedenen Orientierungsmöglichkeiten enthalten, wurden durch doppelte Quartärsalzbildung die entsprechenden Pyridiniophan-diiodide 7-10 erhalten. UV- und 1H-NMR-Spektren dieser [2.2]Paracyclophane mit zwei positiven Ringladungen werden diskutiert; die Molekülstruktur des von 7 abgeleiteten Diperchlorats wurde durch Röntgen-Strukturanalyse bestimmt.  -  Durch Natriumdithionit-Reduktion des Pyridinium-Salzes 5, das ein analoges Substitutionsmuster wie 7-10 hat, wurde die entsprechende 1,4-Dihydro-Verbindung 6 erhalten. 7 reagierte mit Natriumdithionit jedoch zu dem doppelten 1,2-Dihydropyridin-System 15, das mit Maleinsäureanhydrid das 1:2-Addukt 16 ergab. Ein Zugang zu der gewünschten Reihe der halbreduzierten 1,4-Dihydroderivate 11-14 wurde in der Reaktion mit 6 als Reduktionsmittel gefunden. Für 11 und 14 werden die UV/VIS- und 1H-NMR-Spektren angegeben. Aus ersten Spin-Sättigungsübertragungs-1H-NMR-Versuchen wird geschlossen, daß bei 14 ein intramolekularer Austausch von Redox-Äquivalenten stattfindet, während dies unter denselben Bedingungen für das Isomere 11 nicht beobachtet wird.
    Notes: From the pyridinophanes 1-4(1) which consist of two nicotinic ester units in the four different orientations possible, by diquaternization the corresponding pyridiniophane diiodides 7-10 were obtained. UV and 1H NMR spectra of these [2.2]paracyclophanes with two positive ring charges are discussed; the molecular structure of the diperchlorate derived from 7 was determined by X-ray structure analysis.  -  By sodium dithionite reduction the pyridinium salt 5 with an analogous substitution pattern as 7-10 was reduced to the corresponding 1,4-dihydro compound 6. 7 reacted with sodium dithionite, however, to the double 1,2-dihydropyridine system 15 which yielded with maleic anhydride the 1:2-adduct 16. Access to the wanted series of semi-reduced 1,4-dihydro derivatives 11-14 was obtained by the reaction with 6 as the reducing reagent. For 11 and 14 the UV/VIS and 1H NMR spectra are reported. From first spin saturation transfer 1H NMR experiments it is concluded that in 14 an intramolecular exchange of redox-equivalents occurs whereas for the isomer 11 this is not observed under the same conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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