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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 419-424 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Flow cytometry ; Ploidy ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Metastasis pattern ; Liver metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue samples from primary tumours and metastases obtained from surgical specimens and autopsies were investigated by flow cytometry for their DNA content. Of the 149 cases investigated, 124 autopsy cases of colorectal carcinoma were suitable for study. The pattern of metastatic spread in each indiviual case was analysed with reference to the autopsy records. A subgroup of euploid primary tumours was observed which should be considered separately with regard to its biological behavior, tumour location and extent of metastases. In these tumours, the liver was the first and final organ of haematogenic metastatic spread at an above-random frequency and a grossly metastatic liver with less than 15% of residual normal parenchyma was present at the same time. Furthermore, we observed stem-lines deviating in ploidy from the primary tumour in the metastases of nine cases. This indicates the chromosomal heterogeneity of colorectal carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Renal carcinoma ; metastasis ; pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The metastatic behaviour of renal cell carcinoma has been studied in a series of 687 necropsies. The observations were consistent with the concept of “metastatic inefficiency”, in that in 295 cases, including 25 with renal vein invasion, there were no detectable metastases. In the present series, renal vein involvement was not an important prognostic factor in stage 1 or 2 disease. In 73% of cases without lung metastases there were none in other sites, and in 84% of those with lung metastases there were others elsewhere, consistent with a metastatic “cascade” in which metastases first developed in the lungs and were later detected in other organs. However, the observations did not permit discrimination between anatomic cascades, in which other organs were seeded from metastasizing pulmonary metastases, and temporal cascades, in which the other were seeded at the same time as the lungs, but with fewer cancer cells. The patterns of arterial metastasis were consistent with the “seed-and-soil” hypothesis, and a novel index was developed to quantify differential organ “soils”. The contralateral kidney was not the best soil for metastases from renal carcinoma. Given the presence of lymph node metastasis, the probability of heamatogenous metastasis is 90%. However, in the absence of nodal metastasis, approximately half the cases had haematogenous metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 35 (1989), S. 751-763 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Avrami Gleichung wurde der Einfluß einiger ausgewählter organischer Pigmente auf die kinetischen Parameter der isothermen Kristallisation gefärbter Polyamide 6 im Temperaturbereich 468–478 K untersucht. B Blue und BB Red erwiesen sich als aktive Keimbilder, was mit Hilfe ihrer kristallinen Struktur erklärt werden kann. Bei niedrigeren Temperaturen und geringeren Konzentrationen wird die Kristallisation von PA 6 durch G Orange leicht beschleunigt, unter anderen Bedingungen kann das Gegenteil beobachtet werden. Die isothermen Daten wurden durch die Ergebnisse bei nichtisothermer Kristallisation bekräftigt. In diesem Falle wurde das dem DSC Peak entsprechende Maß an Unterkühlung untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß B Blue und BB Red die freie Energie zur Bildung von Keimen kritischer Größe um 20 bzw. 12% herabsetzen, was sich in den Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeiten widerspiegelt.
    Abstract: Резюме Исходя из уравнения А врами, исследовано влияние некоторых ор ганических пигментов на кинетич еские параметры изот ермической кристаллизации окра шенного полиамида-6 в интервал е температур 468–478 К. Уста новлено, что голубой Б и красны й ББ являются активными ц ентрами кристаллиза ции, что обусловлено их собст венной кристаллической стр уктурой. Пигмент оран жевый Ж при более низких темпера турах и концентрациях в мало й мере ускоряет крист аллизацию, тогда как в других усл овиах он вызывает противоположный эфф ект. Изотермические д анные подтверждены данным и неизотермической кристаллизации. Изме рена степень переохл аждения соответствующего пи ка кривой ДСК. Найдено, что пигменты голубой Б и красный ББ понижают свободную энергию об разования центров кристаллиза ции критической вели чины, соответственно, на 20 и 12%, что отражается на скоростях кристалли зации.
    Notes: Abstract In terms of the Avrami equation, the effects of selected organic pigments on the kinetic parameters of the isothermal crystallization of coloured polyamide 6 were examined in the temperature range 468–478 K. It was found that B Blue and BB Red are active nucleating agents, which is acribed to their crystalline structure. G Orange slightly accelerates the crystallization of PA 6 at lower temperatures and concentrations, whereas in other conditions its effect is the opposite. The isothermal data were confirmed by the results of non-isothermal crystallization. The degree of supercooling corresponding to the peak of the DSC curve was the measured feature in this case. It was found that B Blue and BB Red reduce the free energy of formation of criticalsize nuclei by 20 and 12%, respectively, which is reflected in the rates of crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1989), S. 79-89 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die isotherme und nichtisotherme Kristallisation von isotaktischem Polypropylen, das mit ausgewählten organischen Pigmenten gefärbt war, wurde mittels DSC untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Nukleierungsfähigkeit der Pigmente mit deren chemischem Aufbau und mit der Erniedrigung der freien Energie für den Keimbildungsprozeß verbunden ist. Die experimentellen Daten wurden mit Hilfe der bekannten Avrami-Gleichung analysiert.Blau-Pigment und Rot-Lack beschleunigen die Kristallisation von isotaktischem Polypropylen, während Orange-Pigment die Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit etwas herabsetzt.
    Notes: The isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene coloured with selected organic pigments was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the nucleating ability of pigments is connected with their chemical nature and with the reduction of the free energy for critical nucleus formation. The experimental data were analysed in terms of the well known Avrami equation.Blue pigment and Red lake are substances which accelerate the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene, while Orange pigment decreases the crystallization rate slightly.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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