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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pH on emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric emulsifier (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 950-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Amphoteric emulsifier ; emulsion polymerization ; latex ; ionic forms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric emulsifier of the betaine type; N,N-dimethyl-n-laurylbetaine (LNB), has been studied at various pH values. The relationships between the physicochemical properties of LNB aqueous solutions, the emulsion polymerization process and the characteristics of the synthesized latex particles were studied under various pH conditions. The polymerization rate and the particle number concentration decreased with increasing pH of LNB aqueous solution and changed in shape at both ca. pH 4 and pH 8–10. The properties of LNB aqueous solution also changed with the pH and changed in shape at the same pH as that of the emulsion polymerization. These pH values were in good agreement with the pH at which the LNB molecule changed its ionic form. The number of synthesized latex particles was proportional to the number of LNB micelles in the solution, below pH 10. The particle size of the synthesized latex particles and the molecular weight of the latex polymers also changed with the properties of LNB aqueous solutions, accompanying the change of the ionic form of LNB molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412396
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of mixed bilayers of surfactants formed on alumina (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 525-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Mixed bilayer ; redispersion ; alumina ; surfactanceinfluence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants onα-alumina has been studied through the dispersion behavior ofα-alumina. When a low concentration of anionic hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon surfactant as a first additive is added to positively charged alumina, the alumina flocculates. The flocculated alumina redisperses upon addition of different surfactant from the first one by the manner that the hydrophobic parts of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants are in contact with hydrophobic parts of the first surfactants and the hydrophilic polar groups direct out to liquid phase, resulting in the formation of mixed bilayers on the alumina. From the measurements of mean particle size, zeta potential of the alumina, and adsorbed amount of surfactants, the mixed bilayers consisting of anionic fluorocarbon-noniomc hydrocarbon surfactants and of anionic fluorocarbon-noioic hydrocarbon ones are found to be formed more preferentially than anionic hydrocarbon-anioic fluorocarbon surfactants. The property of the mixed bilayer on the alumina is also discussed using the fluorescence spectra of pyrene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416060
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polystyrene latex with amphoteric surfactant and its characterization (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 737-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Amphoteric surfactant ; emulsion polymerization ; latex ; zeta-potential (ZP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric surfactant; N,N-dimethyl-n-laurylbetaine (LNB) was carried out at pH 7.0. The polymerization rate and the concentration of the latex particle were proportional to the LNB concentration of 0.6 power. The latex particle sizes became smaller with increasing concentrations of LNB. The molecular weights of polystyrene latices increased with the concentration of LNB. The zeta-potentials of latex particles were significantly dependent on the pH, and showed the existence of an isoelectric point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01500747
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physicochemical properties of α, ω-type bolaform surfactant in aqueous solution. Eicosane-1,20-bis(triethylammonium bromide) (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 825-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: α ; ω-typesurfactant ; bolaform ; criticalmicelleconcentration ; aggregationnumber ; surfacearea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The physicochemical properties of theα, ω- type (bolaform) surfactant, eicosane-1, 20-bis(triethylammonium bromide) (C20Et6), in aqueous solution have been investigated by means of surface tension, electrical conductivity, dye solubilization, and time-resolved fluorescence quenching (determination of average micelle aggregation number). Using electrical conductivity, the critical micelle concentration of C20Et6 was found to be 6.0×10−3 mol dm−3 and the ionization degree of C20Et6 micelle was found to be 0.42. From surface tension measurments, the molecular area of C20Et6 at the air-water interface was about twice that of normal type surfactants such as dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The solubilizing power of micellar solution of C20Et6 toward Orange OT was 1.0×10−2 mole of dye per mole of surfactant, i. e., slightly smaller than that of DTAB. The micelle aggregation number,N, was found to be 17±2 by time-resolved fluorescence quenching. C20Et6 showed a very small temperature dependence ofN, much less than for normal surfactants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410122
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene latex with an amphoteric emulsifier (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2657-2667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an amphoteric emulsifier of amino-acid type, N-lauroyl-N,N-dimethyllysine (DMLL), has been studied at pH 7.0. The polymerization rate increased exponentially with the concentration of DMLL. The concentration of latex particles was proportional to the DMLL concentration to the 0.6 power. The latex particle size decreased with increasing concentration of DMLL. The molecular weight of polystyrene latexes increased with an increase in DMLL concentration. Furthermore, the zeta potentials of latex particles were significantly dependent on the pH, and showed the existence of an isoelectric point at about pH 4.0.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330802
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