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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1980-1984  (6)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CONTRIBUTION OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM TO THE CENTRALLY-INDUCED PRESSOR ACTION OF ANGIOTENSIN II IN RATS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 9 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Angiotensin II (ANG II) may increase blood pressure by central nervous system mechanisms. The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the centrally-induced pressor effect of ANG II in the rat was investigated.2 Plasma noradrenaline concentrations, measured as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity, increased after intracerebroventricular (i.e.v.) injection of pressor doses of ANG II, both in normotensive and in spontaneously hypertensive rats.3 To assess the functional significance of this, the sympathetic nervous system was inhibited by phentolamine, reserpine, and guanethidine. In phentolamine-infused rats, low doses of i.c.v. ANG II elicited a blood pressure decrease, but at maximal pressor doses, no difference between phentolamine-treated and control rats was observed. In reserpinized rats, the central pressor effect of ANG II was greater than in controls. Guanethidine pretreatment did not affect the blood pressure response to i.c.v. injected ANG II.4 It is concluded that the central pressor effects o f ANG II are accompanied by a stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. In the rat, this stimulation may be functionally important for the initial phase of the central pressor action. This could not be established for the maximal pressor responses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1982.tb00797.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia with normal glomerular function (Gordon's syndrome) (1987)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 1 (1987), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Tubular function ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Hypertension ; Acidosis ; Hyperkalaemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 14-year-old boy with the syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia with normal glomerular filtration rate (Gordon's syndrome) is described. The patient's clinical symptoms consisted of periodic paralysis, slight metabolic acidosis of the proximal type and hypercalciuria. Prostaglandin excretion was normal. Infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide had no effect on electrolyte excretion or glomerular function although a normal increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate was demonstrated in plasma and urine. This lack of sensitivity to atrial natriuretic peptide offers a new pathophysiological concept in this syndrome. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide was successful in this case.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849256
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus — vasopressin and prostaglandins in response to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin (1987)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 1 (1987), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrochlorothiazide ; Indomethacin ; Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ; Prostaglandins ; Vasopressin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In four boys with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and urinary excretion of prostaglandins were studied in response to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin. An abnormal relationship between AVP and urine osmolality was demonstrated in all patients. In the first patient, treatment with indomethacin (3 mg/kg per day) resulted in a drop of the inulin and paraminohippurate clearances. In the other three patients urinary excretion of PGE2 was raised, and fell during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (2 mg/kg per day) and indomethacin (2 mg/kg per day). Urine flow, free water clearance and osmolar clearance decreased during treatment. A combination of both drugs is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide alone and the effect appears to be additive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849258
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atrial natriuretic peptide and sodium homeostasis in chronic renal failure (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 397-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Aldosterone ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Chronic renal failure ; Dopamine ; Noradrenaline ; Sodium homeostasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to evaluate the possible role of vasoactive hormones in the mechanism of exaggerated sodium loss due to reduced renal mass we measured plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma noradrenaline, and dopamine, in 12 children with advanced chronic renal failure (mean CIn17.8-2.6,x± SEM, CPAH93.5±17 ml/min per 1.73 m2, FENa7.0±0.95%). No patient had clinical signs of volume overload. Plasma concentrations of ANP were not significantly different from those of healthy agematched controls (29.2±7.2 vs 23.2±3.1 fmol/ml) and did not correlate with urinary sodium excretion. Plasma concentrations of aldosterone, PRA and noradrenaline, were also within the physiological range, while plasma dopamine levels were elevated (260±36 vs 98±11 pg/ml, 〈0.001). Our data do not support the notion that ANP or the renin-aldosterone axis play a major role in the adaptation of remaining nephrons to maintain long-term sodium balance in normotensive children with chronic renal failure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00850214
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increased kallikrein excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats and its inhibition by 6-hydroxydopamine (1980)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 313 (1980), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Spontaneosly hypertensive rats ; Urinary kallikrein ; Sympathetic activity ; 6-Hydroxydopamine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Urinary kallikrein excretion was studied in young, stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats (spSHR). Seven-week-old spSHR were found to excrete more kallikrein into the urine than normotensive Wistar Kyoto control rats (WKR). “Chemical sympathectomy”, induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) immediately after birth, resulted in normotensive blood-pressure levels and in a reduction of kallikrein in spSHR. In normotensive WKR, blood pressure and urinary kallikrein excretion were only slightly diminished by 6-OHDA. The results suggest a relationship between sympathetic activity and kallikrein excretion, being especially pronounced in spSHR, which have an elevated sympathetic activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498573
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of diuretics, hormonal derangements, and clinical setting of hyponatremia in medical patients (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 662-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Hyponatremia ; Vasopressin ; Thirst ; Diuretics ; Cardiac failure ; Cirrhosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Because hyponatremia is frequently associated with preceding diuretic treatment and unrestricted fluid indake — conditions which have not been addressed sufficiently in published literature — we studied the pathophysiology and the clinical setting of such hyponatremia in a large group of internal medicine patients. We observed: a) Of an initial 310 patients with chemical hyponatremia only 204 (64%) had an associated plasma hypoosmolality. Sience a normal plasma osmolality excludes a disturbance of water metabolism only the 204 patients with hypoosmolar hyponatremia were included in the study. This data shows that plasma osmolality is an essential measurement in any evaluation of hyponatremia. b) In 204 consecutive patients with hypoosmolar hyponatremia the electrolyte disturbance was related to advanced congestive cardiac failure in 25%, decompensated liver cirrhosis in 18%, volume contraction in 28%, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in 19% and renal insufficiency in 4%. c) Plasma vasopressin was measurable in 90% of the 204 patients. It is known that radioimmunoassays to measure vasopressin fail to reliably detect low concentrations of circulating vasopressin (〈0.5 pg/ml). It may therefore be stated that hypoosmolar hyponatremia was generally characterized by a failure of antidiuretic hormone suppression. d) Mean daily fluid intake of hyponatremic patients was 2.35±0.15 l. In the presence of stimulated vasiopressin this large a fluid intake is bound to worsen the severity of hyponatremia. e) Of 204 patients 126 were treated with diuretics at the time of study. In these patients hyponatremia worsened during such treatments and was associated with evidence of prerenal azotemia. However there were no significant differences between diuretic-treated and -untreated patients with respect to plasma vasopressin stimulation and amount of fluid intake. In conclusion, stimulated vasopressin and high fluid intake explain the hyponatremia observed in the present study. This applied similary to diuretictreated and -untreated patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726923
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intracerebroventricular angiotensin II increases arterial blood pressure in rhesus monkeys by stimulation of pituitary hormones and the sympathetic nervous system (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 469-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intracerebroventricular injections of angiotensin II in anesthetized rhesus monkeys increase systemic blood pressure and heart rate. These effects are accompanied by an increase in plasma ADH, cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Angiotensin II may participate in central mechanisms of blood pressure regulation by its stimulatory effect on the sympathetic nervous system, on ADH and on ACTH release in primates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952643
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The renal kallikrein-kinin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 15 (1984), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) of the stroke prone strain (Okamoto) and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) urinary kallikrein excretion was investigated at different age and at drug-induced diuresis. In rats of both strains from 7th till 19th week of age urinary kallikrein excretion increased with age. In SHRSP of 7th till 11th week of age kallikrein excretion was higher than in WKY rats, while it was lower in the 48-week-old SHRSP. No correlation was found between urinary kallikrein excretion and systolic blood pressure. In SHRSP and WKY rats a similar daily rhythm of kallikrein excretion in urine was found being high in the early morning and low in the afternoon. Kallikrein excretion correlated significantly with urine volume. The loop diuretic bumetanide (4 and 40 mg/kg) induced diuresis and natriuresis in both strains, however more marked in the WKY rats than in the SHRSP. Urinary kallikrein excretion, however, showed in both strains the same biphasic course with a short lasting increase and a secondary decrease. Thus, in the average urinary kallikrein excretion was not effected by the drug. Prolonged treatment with furosemide over 5 days (125 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in kallikrein excretion in urine, more pronounced in the WKY rats than in the SHRSP. The observed results suggest that renal kallikrein-kinin system is not involved in the development of spontaneous hypertension as a pathogenetic factor, but rather is influenced by other factors like hormone interactions, i.e. mineralocorticoids and catecholamines, as well as renal function and acute changes in urine flow.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972335
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dysfunction of the adrenergic system in phosphate depleted rats (1982)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 395 (1982), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Vascular reactivity ; Noradrenaline uptake ; Phosphate depletion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Plasma catecholamines and vascular response to noradrenaline were studied in phosphate depleted rats. Phosphate depletion was induced in rats by dietary phosphorus deprivation for 6 weeks. Basal plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine were elevated in phosphate depleted rats compared to pairfed control rats. After exposure to cold (4° C, 45 min) the rise in plasma catecholamines was much more pronounced in phosphate depleted rats. In the isolated perfused rat heart, the uptake of tritiated noradrenaline was unchanged. In the isolated perfused hindlimb preparation the vascular response to noradrenaline, but not to potassium chloride and argininevasopressin was significantly diminished in phosphate depleted rats. It is concluded that in phosphate depletion sympathetic activity is elevated and vascular response to noradrenaline diminished.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584971
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kardiovaskuläre Wirkung des antidiuretischen Hormons Arginin-Vasopressin (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 989-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Dehydration ; Hemodynamics ; Hypertension ; Vasopressin ; Vasopressin antagonists
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The two major biological actions of vasopressin are antidiuresis and vasoconstriction. The antidiuretic action of low concentrations of vasopressin is well established and concentrations 10 to 100 times above those required for antidiuresis elevate arterial blood pressure. Antidiuresis is mediated by V2-receptors at the kidney, whereas vasopressin constricts arterioles by binding at V1-receptors. Pharmacological effects of specific antagonists of the vasoconstrictor activity of vasopressin (vascular or V1-receptor antagonists) are presented. Low concentrations of vasopressin do have significant hemodynamic effects. Physiological concentrations of vasopressin cause vasoconstriction and elevate systemic vascular resistance. In subjects with intact cardiovascular reflex activity, however, cardiac output falls concomitantly and blood pressure therefore does not change. In animals with baroreceptor deafferentation or in patients with blunted baroreceptor reflexes (autonomic insufficiency) a rise in plasma vasopressin causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure, because cardiac output does not fall under these conditions. Vasopressin contributes substantially via increase in systemic vascular resistance to maintain blood pressure during water deprivation. During hemorrhage and hypotension vasopressin has a major role to restore blood pressure. In experimental hypertension vasopressin contributes to the development and maintenance of high blood pressure in DOCA, but not in genetic hypertensive rats. The role of vasopressin in human hypertension is not yet clear. Vasopressin in extrahypothalamic areas of the brain affects circulatory regulation by interaction with central cardiovascular control centers. The exact mechanism of how vasopressin is involved in central regulation of blood pressure remains to be established. In contrast to our previous opinion vasopressin is a vasoactive hormone also at low plasma concentrations. Its cardiovascular action is more complex than previously assumed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01737635
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