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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: C3–C4 Propriospinal neurones ; Forelimb motoneurones ; Intraspinal HRP injections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Short cervical propriospinal neurones projecting to cat forelimb segments were identified and compared in their longitudinal segmental location and transverse distribution with a propriospinal relay recently described in C3–C4 with electrophysiological methods (Illert et al., 1977, 1978). Localized horseradish peroxidase injections into the C6–C7 forelimb motornuclei demonstrated propriospinal cells in rostral cervical segments. The multiple injection technique in combination with control experiments seemed to allow delimitation of the uptake region in the ventral horn responsible for the retrograde cell labelling. Injections laterally in the ventral horn labelled propriospinal neurones ipsilaterally in C3–C5, mainly in the lateral parts of laminae VI and VII. More medially located injections labelled cells with a similar distribution ipsilaterally, but contralateral cells were found in addition. They were located in laminae VII and VIII of the C2–C5 segments, mainly medially. The evidence is discussed that the neurones located laterally in the C3–C4 segments project directly to ipsilateral forelimb motoneurones and, under this assumption, it is postulated that they constitute the C3–C4 propriospinal relay (Illert et al., 1977) and are identical with the neurones of the “C3–C4 propriospinal system” (Illert et al., 1978).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 53 (1984), S. 400-408 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: H-reflex ; Ia inhibition ; Tonic voluntary contraction ; Ankle muscles ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal Ia inhibition from ankle flexors to extensors was studied during voluntary tonic isometric dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in five normal subjects. The Ia inhibition was examined as the short-latency suppression of the soleus H-reflexes by stimulation of the low-threshold afferents in the common peroneal nerve (Mizuno et al. 1971). At rest, weak Ia inhibition was demonstrated in four subjects out of five, the maximal amount being 14.1 ± 5.0% suppression of the control H-reflex. The absolute amount of inhibition, which was calculated by subtracting the mean size of the conditioned H-reflex from that of the control H-reflex and expressed as a percentage of the maximal M-response, increased during ankle dorsiflexion, and decreased or disappeared during plantar flexion in parallel with the amount of contraction. The neural mechanisms for facilitation of the Ia inhibitory pathway during dorsiflexion were considered to support the hypothesis of “α-γ-linkage in reciprocal inhibition”, i.e. combined facilitatory effects on the Ia inhibitory interneurone from the supraspinal centers directly and indirectly via the γ motoneurone — Ia afferent route. The mechanism for inhibition of the pathway during plantar flexion was considered to be inhibition of the Ia interneurone of the flexor side by Ia interneurone of antagonist extensors. A quantitative aspect of activity in the reciprocal Ia inhibitory pathway on the performance of voluntary movement is revealed in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Long-term studies on the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the blood of children and their mothers occupationally exposed to PCBs were made during the period 1975 to 1979. This report deals in particular with the rates of decrease and half-lives of PCB concentrations in the blood. Rates of decrease of the concentration of PCBs in the blood of both mothers and their children were relatively constant and independent of PCB concentrations. Therefore, a one-compartment model equation was sufficient to represent the decrease of the concentrations of PCB in the blood. The mean rate constant of the decrease of PCB concentration for the children was approximately 2.6 times higher than that of the mothers. The dilution effect due to the increase of body weight was the most important factor which affected the reduction of the PCB concentrations in the children. Since the rate of the body weight gain is very high during the two years after birth, the half-life of the PCB concentration was extremely shortened during this period. The natural excretion of PCBs from children was estimated to be about 10%, which was obtained by subtracting the rate of decrease of PCB concentration by the dilution effect, due to the gain of body weight from the total rate of decrease per year. This rate constant relates favorably to that of the mothers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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