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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment with GM1 Ganglioside Restores Striatal Dopamine in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Treated Mouse (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 51 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 30 mg/kg i.p. daily for 7 days, was administered to mice. This dosage regimen resulted in an ∼50% reduction of striatal dopamine (DA) level. Chronic administration of GM1 ganglioside (II3NeuAc-GgOse Cer), beginning between 1 to 4 days after terminating MPTP dosing, resulted in partial restoration of the striatal DA level. From dose- and time-response studies, it appeared that 30 mg/kg i.p. of GM1 administered daily for ∼23 days resulted in an ∼80% restoration of the DA level and complete restoration of the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content. This dosage of GM1 also restored the turnover rate of DA in the striatum to near normal. Discontinuing GM1 treatment resulted in a fall of DA and DOPAC levels to values found in mice treated with MPTP alone. There was no evidence for regeneration of nerve terminal amine reuptake in the GM1-treated mice as evaluated by DA uptake into synaptosomes. Our biochemical findings in animals suggest that early GM1 ganglioside treatment of individuals with degenerative diseases of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons might be fruitful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb03086.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Increases Acetylcholine and Decreases Dopamine in Mouse Striatum: Both Responses Are Blocked by Anticholinergic Drugs (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces neuropathology and clinical symptoms that resemble Parkinsonism in primates and humans. In mice it induces a long-lasting depletion of neostriatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) content. Using the mouse, we found that MPTP induces a fall of dopamine and a rise of acetylcholine in the neostriatum. Both responses to MPTP can be blocked by prior treatment with atropine or trihexyphenidyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb10558.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISTRIBUTION AND TURNOVER RATE OF VANILLYL-MANDELIC ACID AND 3-METHOXY- 4- HYDROXYPHENYLGLYCOL IN RAT BRAIN (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 27 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were measured in rat brain by a mass fragmentographic procedure. The concentration of VMA and MHPG in whole brain is 11 and 533 pmol/g, respectively. Both compounds were found in all areas of brain studied with VMA, as a percentage of both metabolites, ranging between about 1 and 8%. From the decline of the compounds after pargyline. 75 mg/kg i.p., we calculated that the rate of formation of VMA is 15 and for MHPG 202 pmol/g per h. The fractional rate of elimination of VMA and MHPG is 1.4 and 0.38 h−1, respectively. The rapid rate of loss of VMA suggests that it is transported from brain. However, we were unable to block the elimination of VMA from brain by treatment with probenecid. In contrast, the elimination of MHPG could be blocked by treatment with probenecid. Our study adds support to the notion that MHPG is a major whereas VMA is a minor product of norepinephrine metabolism in brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb01539.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deuterium-labeled choline: Lack of isotope effects during the synthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine in vivo (1976)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 1 (1976), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965608
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased serotonin turnover in corpus striatum following an injection of kainic acid: Evidence for neuronal feedback regulation of synthesis (1979)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 306 (1979), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Serotonin turnover ; Kainic acid ; Corpus striatum ; Feedback regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kainic acid, a cyclic analog of glutamate, has been reported by other investigators to reduce the number of serotonin (5HT) binding sites in rat striatum following an intrastriatal injection. We found that kainic acid injected into the striatum caused a dose-dependent increase in ipsilateral striatal 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) content, while not affecting the level of 5HT. There was no detectable change in 5HT metabolism in the contralateral striatum. The increase of 5HIAA was a reflection of increased 5HT turnover in the injected striatum as measured from the decline of 5HIAA after pargyline treatment or the rise of 5-hydroxytryptophan after benserazide treatment. There was also a concomitant increase of tryptophan hydroxylase activity. Kainic acid treatment resulted in an apparent decrease of the K mand increase of the V max for the pteridine cofactor and an increase of the V max for tryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase. Kainic acid injection into the dorsal raphe nucleus caused a dose-dependent decrease in 5HT content of the dorsal raphe nucleus and in both striata, which are dorsal raphe nucleus projection areas. Our results suggest that 5HT formation in the striatum is normally modulated by an inhibitory neuronal feedback loop. Interruption of the loop by injecting kainic acid causes 5HT formation and tryptophan hydroxylase activity to increase in the ipsilateral but not contralateral striatum. Kainic acid apparently destroys 5HT neurons when injected close to the cell soma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498988
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xenografting of fetal pig ventral mesencephalon corrects motor asymmetry in the rat model of Parkinson's disease (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neural transplantation ; Xenograft ; Fetal pig ; Rat striatum ; Rotational behavior ; Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry ; Parkinson's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A suspension of cells from embryonic day 21 fetal pig ventral mesencephalon was transplanted into the striatum of 20 immunosuppressed rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. Of these rats, 15 showed reduction of amphetamine-induced ipsilateral rotation by 9 weeks and complete reversal of rotation by 14–17 weeks. Animals maintained stable reversal of rotations (contralateral direction) until cessation of Cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment at 15–20 weeks. Within 4–9 weeks after CyA removal, these rats showed exclusively ipsilateral rotations during behavioral testing which were comparable to pre-transplant levels, suggesting that the grafts were rejected upon cessation of CyA treatment. Rats were sacrificed and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry was performed at several time points, both on and off CyA, to examine a possible correlation between the degree of rotational behavior and the number of TH- positive surviving grafted cells. Staining showed large numbers (230–12,329) of TH-positive surviving cells in animals displaying a high degree of rotational correction (1.6 to -9.6 net ipsilateral rotations/min) after cessation of CyA treatment. Two control groups, those transplanted with nonneuronal cells from the pig ventral mesencephalon (n=5) and those receiving only daily CyA injections (n=4) showed no significant reduction of net ipsilateral rotations throughout the experiment. No TH-positive surviving cells were seen in the one non-neuronal transplant analyzed. This data demonstrates long-term retention of xenografted tissue with immunosuppression and its concomitant restoration of normal motor behavior in the rat model of Parkinson's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274990
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein neues Kontrastierverfahren für die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von säure- und estergruppenhaltigen Polymersystemen (1975)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01419257
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid by isolated rat choroid plexus (1976)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 1 (1976), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) is transported into the isolated choroid plexus against a concentration gradient by a saturable, energy-dependent system. The apparentK m for transport is 35 nM and theV max is 1 pmol/mg tissue/hr. Concentrations of probenecid (0.1 mM) that block the transport of other acidic biogenic amine metabolites did not block the transport of VMA. The transport system of the choroid plexus probably plays a role in clearing VMA from the CSF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965630
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of phenylalanine hydroxylating activity in vivo (1977)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 2 (1977), S. 657-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed for analyzing phenylalanine and tyrosine (Tyr) in plasma and brain. With this procedure, we were able to show that18O2 is incorporated into Tyr in vivo and that the presence of18O-Tyr in plasma is a relative measure of phenylalanine hydroxylating activity. Treatment withp-chlorophenylalanine decreases the18O incorporation into Tyr. Because of the simplicity of the procedure and its easy adaptability to human studies, the incorporation of18O2 into endogenous constituents might serve as a useful diagnostic procedure for some metabolic disorders, such as phenylketonuria. These results also indicate that labeling with18O cannot be used to measure the turnover rate of brain catecholamines as previously proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00963778
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