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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aufnahme von 2-C14 Harnsäure in die Erythrocyten von Patienten mit Hyperurikämie und Gicht (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Urat uptake ; erythrocyte ; hyperuricemia ; gout ; Harnsäureaufnahme ; Erythrocyt ; Hyperurikämie ; Gicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 19 Patienten mit primärer Hyperurikämie, 6 mit sekundärer Hyperurikämie, 17 mit primärer Gicht und 30 Kontrollpersonen wird die Aufnahme von 2-C14 Harnsäure in die Erythrocyten gemessen. Es zeigt sich, daß die Erythrocyten von Gichtpatienten signifikant weniger Harnsäure aufnehmen als die von Kontroilpersonen. Dagegen unterscheiden sich die primären und sekundären Hyperurikämiepatienten nicht signifikant von den Kontrollen. Der Unterschied in der Aufnahme von Harnsäure bei Erythrocyten von Gichtpatienten und Kontrollen betrifft hauptsächlich den Anfangsteil der Aufnahmekinetik. Es wird die mögliche pathophysiologische Bedeutung der verminderten Harnsäureaufnahme für das Entstehen der Harnsäurepräcipitationen bei Gicht diskutiert und auf die Möglichkeit hingewiesen, den Harnsäure-Tracer-Aufnahmetest als diagnostisches Hilfsmittel für die Früherkennung der Gicht anzuwenden.
    Notes: Summary The uptake of 2-C14 urate by erythrocytes was measured in 19 patients with primary hyperuricemia, 6 patients with secondary hyperuricemia, 17 patients with primary gout and 30 controls. The uptake of urate in patients with primary gout was significantly lower than in the controls. In contrast no such difference could be observed in patients with primary and secondary hyperuricemia. The uptake of labeled urate by erythrocytes from gouty patients is especially diminished in the early phase of the uptake kinetics. The possible relevance of this finding for the pathogenesis of urate precipitation in gout is discussed. Further, we consider the application of the tracer urate uptake by erythrocytes as an aid in the early diagnosis of gout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01469117
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handling of oxalate by the rat kidney (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 374 (1978), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Oxalate ; Wistar rat ; Microperfusion ; Microinfusion ; Organic acid secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Renal transport of14C-oxalate was studied in the rat by clearance and micropuncture techniques. The ultrafilterability of oxalate was 0.98±0.02 (n=7). Fractional clearance of oxalate was significantly above unity in antidiuresis and volume expansion: mean 1.24 ±0.04 (n=115). Pyrazinamide (1.1·10−3 mol/kg BW) and probenecid (0.35·10−3 mol/kg BW) had no significant effect on oxalate clearance. P-aminohippurate (1.45·10−3 mol/kg BW) and urate (0.48 ·10−3 mol/kg BW) depressed the fractional clearance of oxalate significantly from 116 to 91 and from 125 to 90%, respectively. Excess excretion of14C-oxalate over3H-inulin was invariably demonstrable in peritubular microperfusion experiments (n=5) and in microinfusions underneath the kidney capsule (n=4). Together with the first 50% of3H-inulin 58±2% of the total14C-oxalate were excreted in the peritubular microperfusions, and 64±3% in the subcapsular microinfusions. In tubular microinfusion experiments (n=36) urinary14C-oxalate recovery was almost complete after early proximal microinfusion (93±4%) and complete after late proximal microinfusion (102±4%). In continuous microperfusion experiments of proximal tubules (n=42) a small but highly significant outflux of14C-oxalate of 7% per mm perfusion distance was found. The data suggest that oxalate is freely filterable at the glomerular site. A small but significant amount of oxalate is reabsorbed in the proximal nephron. Most likely at the same site and in the pars recta oxalate is secreted and tubular load increased to 124% of filtered load. This amount is excreted in final urine. The secretion of oxalate is inhibited by organic acids which are known to be secreted by the proximal tubule and the pars recta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handling of allantoin by the rat kidney (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 357 (1975), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Allantoin ; Uricase ; Kidney ; Clearance ; Micropuncture ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal excretion of allantoin was measured by tracer techniques. After injection of 2-C14 urate and H3 inulin, clearances of allantoin and inulin were measured and both proximal and distal tubules were micropunctured. In confirmation of earlier results 2-C14 urate injected into an intact animal is very rapidly converted to C14 allantoin: after 15 min more than 90% of urinary tracer is present as allantoin. It was further observed that 1) allantoin clearance is essentially identical with inulin clearance over a wide range of urine flows; 2) no net transport of allantoin occurs in either proximal or distal tubules. Clearly allantoin is handled by the rat kidney like inulin. The total excretion of filtered allantoin unlike that of filtered urate provides an easy and effective mechanism for animals possessing the enzyme uricase to dispose of their purine loads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585975
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of benzolamide on luminal pH in proximal convoluted tubules of the rat kidney (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 375 (1978), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Proximal tubule ; Micropuncture ; Carbonic anhydrase ; Benzolamide ; Acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Luminal pH in early and late proximal tubules was recorded continuously with antimony microelectrodes before and during carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Following i.v. application of benzolamide (25 μmol/kg BW), luminal pH decreased almost immediately in early proximal tubules (ΔpH −0.42±0.06 SEM), but increased in late proximal tubules (ΔpH +0.27±0.06). Urinary pH increased (ΔpH +1.6±0.16) after a delay of some 30 s. Similar results, i.e. decrease of pH in early and increase of pH in late proximal tubules, were obtained, when benzolamide containing solutions were microinfused into early proximal tubules or superfused on the nephron surface. In contrast, luminal pH decreased in late proximal tubules, when benzolamide was microinfused into the same nephron segment. The decrease of luminal pH indicates inhibition of luminally active carbonic anhydrase, leading to delayed buffering of secreted hydrogen ions. The increase of luminal pH in late proximal tubules may be attributed to several factors including increased delivery of bicarbonate, impaired bicarbonate exit at the antiluminal membrane and decreased hydrogen ion formation in the tubular cell due to inhibition of cellular carbonic anhydrase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584146
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal handling of urate and oxalate: Possible implications for urolithiasis (1979)
    Springer
    Urological research 7 (1979), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Urate ; Oxalate ; Renal Handling ; Precipitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both urate and oxalate are organic acids of considerable clinical interest, owing to their limited solubility. Calcium oxalate is the most frequent constituent of renal calculi and occasionally precipitates in body fluids. Urate precipitations are common in the kidney and in various other tissues. In this paper, a short outline of the present knowledge of renal handling of these substances will be followed by some conclusions as to the possible relevance of this knowledge for the understanding of urolithiasis and intrarenal precipitation. Direct (micropuncture) data are available for urate in the rat (1,6, 7, 10, 21, 23, 28, 36, 42), rabbit (35), dog (34) and cebus monkey (33) and in the rat only for oxalate (11, 15, 20).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257198
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