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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 91 (1974), S. 187-221 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die lokomotorische Aktivität der ostafrikanischen WinkerkrabbenUca urvillei undU. annulipes wurde mit Hilfe einer radioaktiven Markierung (Co-60-Draht) in einer Gezeitenanlage (Tidenhub 1 m, 12,5stündige Zyklen) über mehrere Wochen registriert. Der Lokomotionsrhythmus ließ sich an die künstlichen Gezeiten ankoppeln. Das tidale Muster von Substratvibrationen war ein besonders wirksamer Zeitgeber. Licht-Dunkel-Zyklen waren gleichfalls als Zeitgeber wirksam: im LD 6,25∶6,25 ergab sich ein tidaler, im LD 12∶12 ein diurnaler Lokomotionsrhythmus. Wurden gleichzeitig Gezeiten und LD 12∶12 geboten, so richteten sich die Tiere nach den Gezeiten. Nach dem Übergang von Gezeitenbedingungen in Konstantbedingungen (LL, DD) zeigte nur eines von 15 Tieren einen circadianen Lokomotionsrhythmus. Alle anderen hatten arhythmische Muster, in denen nur gelegentlich „circadiane” Fronten angedeutet waren. Auch eine Periodenanalyse ergab keine Hinweise auf circadiane oder circatidale Rhythmen. Um diese arhythmischen Muster zu analysieren, wurde ein neuer Ansatz gewählt: jeder Aktivitäts- und Ruheschub (A bzw. R) wurde als Einzelereignis betrachtet, ohne nach einer periodischen Folge zu suchen. Aktivitätsmuster in Konstantbedingungen: Die Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Dauer von Aktivitäts- und Ruheschüben konnten bei der Mehrzahl der Tiere durch Exponentialfunktionen wiedergegeben werden. Zwischen der Dauer aufeinanderfolgender Aktivitäts- und Ruheschübe bestand keine Korrelation. Daraus folgt, daß der einzelne Schub nach seinem Beginn zu allen folgenden Zeitpunkten mit einer bestimmten, gleichbleibenden Wahrscheinlichkeit beendet werden kann. Diese Gesetzmäßigkeit ist als stochastischer Prozeß zu beschreiben. Aus den ermittelten Wahrscheinlichkeitswerten für A und R ergeben sich für die Dauer von A+R, am häufigsten Werte die mit 9–12 Std in der Größenordnung des Gezeitenzyklus liegen. Aktivitätsmuster in Gezeitenbedingungen: Die tidalen Zeitgeber kontrollierten die Dauer der Ruheschübe (vermutlich über eine endogene Instanz); die Dauer der Aktivitätsschübe blieb dagegen bei vielen Tieren unbeeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary The East African fiddler crabsUca urvillei andU. annulipes were exposed to artificial tides (cycle 12.5 hrs, tidal range of 1 m). Locomotor activity patterns were recorded by means of a radioactive marker (60Co). The activity patterns could be synchronized by the artificial tides. Vibrations of the substratum connected with the tides were one of the effective Zeitgebers. Light-dark cycles also acted as Zeitgebers. An LD of 6.25∶ 6.25 initiated a tidal activity pattern, an LD of 12∶12 a diurnal one. When the crabs were exposed simultaneously with artificial tides and an LD of 12∶12 their activity was distinctly correlated with the tides. In constant conditions following tidal treatment only one of 15 individuals showed a circadian rhythm. All other animals showed arhythmic activity patterns. Though “circadian” fronts could occasionally be seen on visual inspection, there was no evidence for either circadian or circatidal rhythms when the data were arranged by a periodogram method. Therefore, a new approach was used to analyze these arhythmic patterns, measuring the duration of each activity burst (A) and of each resting period (R) separately. Activity patterns in constant conditions: The class frequency of both A and R followed exponential functions. No significant correlation was found between the duration of A and the following R. Thus each event (A or R) is terminated by a distinct probability. This principle can be described as a stochastic process. The probability values found for A and R are such that the resulting duration of A+R is usually in the range of the tidal cycle. Activity patterns in tidal conditions: There is evidence that the tidal zeitgebers control the duration of the resting period only and that the duration of activity is usually independent of the Zeitgebers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 268 (1974), S. 27-36 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of differential cross sections of the reactionγ+p→π 0 +p are described. In this experiment which was carried out at the Bonn 500 MeV synchrotron the recoil proton was detected. It was the aim of the experiment to check and to extend the available cross section data towards smaller pion cm angles. In order to overcome the difficulties connected with the corresponding low proton energies a gas target and a time-of-flight telescope were used. Absolute differential cross sections at pion cm angles of 40°, 50°, 60° and 70° and at photon lab energies between 240 and 380 MeV are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 270 (1974), S. 259-265 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cross sections of alkali negative ions from 0.45 eV up to about 2.5 eV photon energy were measured. Electron affinities of the corresponding atoms are derived from the low energy onsets: EA(Li)=0.611 eV, EA(Na)=0.539 eV, EA(K)=0.497 eV, EA(Rb)=0.490 eV and EA(Cs)=0.470 eV with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.020 eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 243 (1971), S. 46-59 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The production of positive and negative ions of all elements of the sub-groupsA and some of the sub-groupsB has been investigated as an extension of previous work on Penning sources. Molecular ions of the typeX n ± ,n〉1 and ions of hydride moleculesX nH m ± ,n,m〉1 have been found. The maximum numberm max of the H atoms bound in the cluster is determined by the position of the element in the periodic system. The yield of the atomic and molecular beams has been measured as a function of the electric source parameters and the different gases maintaining the discharge to establish the production mechanism. The data on ion beam intensities and the state of clustering of molecules are listed in tables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 78 (1974), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 260 (1972), S. 252-260 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die im Titel genannten 3 metrisch-funktionalen Begriffe lassen sich willkürfrei definieren und ihre Werte können für beliebige Vielkomponenten-Analysen berechnet werden, wenn man den Zusammenhang der Meßgrößen x imit den zu bestimmenden Gehalten c kals mathematische Abbildung (Systeme von Funktionen) betrachtet. Das System der Analysenfunktionen (x i→ c kist die Umkehrung des experimentell allein zugänglichen Systems der Eichfunktionen c k→ x i. Die „Eichmatrix“ (γ ik), deren Elemente γ ik die „partiellen Empfindlichkeiten“ $$\tfrac{{\partial x_i }}{{\partial c_k }}$$ sind, repräsentiert in erster Näherung das System der Eichfunktionen jeweils lokal, d.h. nur für die betreffende chem. Konstitution der Probe. Den Wert für die „Empfindlichkeit“ des Analysenverfahrens als Ganzes betrachtet gibt die Determinante der Eichmatrix; die „Selektivität“ ergibt sich aus der Konvergenzbedingung für den Übergang von Eich- zu Analysenfunktionen durch Iteration; die Spezifität wird in Analogie dazu definiert. Im Anhang wird erklärt, warum „Selektivität“ des stärkste Mittel ist, um den Aufwand für die vollständige Eichung von komplexen Vielkomponenten-Analysen auf ein erträgliches Maß zu bringen.
    Notes: Abstract The three metric, functional concepts named in the title can be defined without arbitrariness and their values may be calculated for any multicomponent-analytical procedure from the relation of the measurable physical quantities x ito the contents c kwhich are to be determined. This relation is mathematically a “mapping” (achieved by systems of functions). The system of “analytical functions” (x i→ c k) is the inverse of the system of “calibration functions” (c k→ x i) which alone can be directly gained by experiments. The ‘calibration matrix” (γik) whose elements γik are the “partial sensitivities” $$\tfrac{{\partial x_i }}{{\partial c_k }}$$ represents the system in first approximation but only locally, i.e. for the respective constitution of the sample. The “sensitivity” of the analytical procedure as a whole, is numerically given by the determinant of this matrix; the “selectivity” is derived from the condition that the inversion of the calibration system to the analytical system (of functions) shall be possible by an iteration process. “Specificity” is defined in analogy to selectivity. In the appendix it is explained why selectivity is the strongest means to reduce the expenditure for the complete calibration of multicomponent analyses to a realistic and tolerable degree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 83 (1971), S. 922-922 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 82 (1973), S. 489-495 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Visible light of moderate intensity (1200 ft-cd) can severely inhibit cell division of a non-photosynthetic mutant of Euglena gracilis when growth is supported by butanol, ethanol, or fumarate as sole carbon source. The degree of inhibition is pH dependent, being greatest at pH 4 to 5. A wide variety of other carbon sources permitted growth in the light without inhibition.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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