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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous mechanoreceptors influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex. I. In mossy fibers (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 15 (1972), S. 245-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cutaneous mechanoreceptors ; Mossy fibers ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper gives an account of single mossy fiber responses when three types of mechanical stimulation are applied to the forefoot and hindfoot of the cat which is either decerebrate and unanesthetized or lightly anesthetized by pentothal or chloralose. The mechanical stimuli were applied either to footpads (brief pulses, taps, or longer square pulses or ramps) or to the hairy skin by air jets. Recording of single mossy fibers was extracellular by glass microelectrodes that were inserted into the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex or the subjacent white matter. As described in previous papers computer averaging techniques usually of 64 responses have been employed to enhance reliability. Taps evoked pure excitatory responses from many mossy fibers, which were usually brief high frequency bursts resembling those evoked by nerve volleys. Usually the threshold displacement was less than 0.2 mm and thresholds as low as 0.01 mm were observed. There were often considerable differences in the intensities of responses from different pads of the same foot. Successive pulses of mechanical stimulation evoked mossy fiber responses of diminished intensity. Longer mechanical stimuli with square or ramp onsets evoked various admixtures of phasic and tonic responses. Hair stimulation was often a very effective excitant, the receptive field for a single mossy fiber usually covering a considerable area of foot and leg. Taps and pressure to the pads were also effective in inhibiting the background discharge of some mossy fibers, and admixtures of excitatory and inhibitory actions were observed. The results are discussed in relationship to the discharges evoked in primary afferent fibers by cutaneous mechanoreceptor stimulation. They provide an intermediate stage of information between mechanoreceptor stimulation and the response of Purkyně cells as described in the next paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235910
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous mechanoreceptors influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex. II. In Purkyně cells by mossy fiber input (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 15 (1972), S. 261-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cutaneous mechanoreceptors ; Mossy fibers ; Purkyně cells ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper gives an account of single Purkyně cell responses when three types of mechanical stimulation, as in the previous paper, are applied to the forefoot and hindfoot of the decerebrate unanesthetized cat. Attention was concentrated on the effects of brief mechanical pulses to the footpad. Recording was extracellular by glass microelectrodes and special precautions were taken in identifying the spike responses as being due to a single Purkyně cell and in securing its effective isolation for our computer averaging techniques, as described in the previous papers. All Purkyně cells were in the ipsilateral anterior lobe in the lateral vermis or pars intermedia of lobules III, IV, V, except for a few recordings in the extreme rostral zone of lobule VI. Mechanical pulses or taps evoked responses from many Purkyně cells which were pure excitatory, pure inhibitory or admixtures thereof. The latencies of onset were usually in the range of 12–20 msec from the onset of the tap, which tends to be a little longer than the observed latencies for mossy fiber responses described in the preceding paper. There was often a considerable difference in the sizes of the responses evoked from different pads of the same foot, and the usual threshold for response was below 0.2 mm amplitude. Durations of responses were usually 10–20 msec for excitation and 50–100 msec for inhibition. Pressure pulses to the central foot pads of 2 sec duration evoked a wide variety of responses: brief phasic at “on” and “off” that could be admixtures of excitation and inhibition; almost pure tonic excitations or inhibitions that were well maintained during the 2 sec; phasic-tonic responses in various relative degrees. Usually 500 g was maximally effective and the threshold was below 100 g. Hair receptors were stimulated preferentially by brief air jets, there being brief excitatory or inhibitory responses much as with taps, but with rather longer latency. The effective area was usually fairly extensive over the hairy skin of the foot. In general the effects on Purkyně cells by cutaneous mechanoreceptors acting via mossy fibers were in accord with the mossy fiber responses reported in the preceding paper and with the well-known excitatory and inhibitory effects that are exerted by mossy fiber inputs on Purkyně cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235911
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous mechanoreceptors influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex. III. In Purkyně cells by climbing fiber input (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 15 (1972), S. 484-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cutaneous mechanoreceptors ; Climbing fibers ; Purkyně cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An account is given of single Purkyně cell responses that are evoked by cutaneous mechanoreceptors acting via climbing fibers (CF). There was no complication by mossy fiber input, which was selectively depressed by light pentothal anesthesia. Brief mechanical pulses (taps) to the footpads and air jets on hairy skin were very effective in evoking CF responses, the usual range of latencies being 25–35 msec for the hindfoot and 19–30 msec for the forefoot. There was often a considerable difference in the effectiveness of the different pads of the same foot. For any particular Purkyně cell there was a close correspondence between the receptive fields for footpads and hairy skin. The threshold was often below 0.02 mm taps for the most sensitive pads, and was even lower for more prolonged mechanical displacements. Mechanical pulses of 80 to several hundred msec in duration were effective in evoking CF responses of Purkyně cells at “off” as well as at “on.” This finding and the very low threshold strongly suggest Pacinian corpuscles as the principal receptors concerned in activating the CF system. Repetitive taps to footpads were effective at slow frequencies, 5 or 10 Hz, but there was a response only to the first tap with a frequency of 65 Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration by Purkyně cells of mossy and climbing fiber inputs from cutaneous mechanoreceptors (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 15 (1972), S. 498-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cutaneous mechanoreceptors ; Mossy fibers ; Climbing fibers ; Integration ; Purkyně cell groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The preceding two papers gave accounts of mossy fiber (MF) or of climbing fiber (CF) inputs to Purkyně cells under conditions where the other input was depressed by the experimental procedure. By utilizing either chloralose anesthesia or decerebration with sparing of the pyramidal tracts it has been possible to study the convergence of MF and CF inputs onto single Purkyně cells. The stimulation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors, the recording procedures for unitary Purkyně cell discharges and the computer averaging techniques were as previously described. Testing by taps to the footpads evoked a combined MF and CF response more commonly than either response alone, and often both inputs were very effective. There was a tendency for such phasic CF responses to be more frequently observed than the tonic responses to pad pressure, but such responses did occur. Purkyně cells were located by the usual procedure along the microelectrode tracks later identified in serial sections. Those cells activated by the fast MF inputs from the pad receptors were found to be closely associated in groups or colonies. The delayed MF inputs probably via spino-reticular pathways were more widely dispersed. The topographical relationships of these colonies are displayed on maps of the unfolded cerebellar cortex for lobules II to VI of both vermis and pars intermedia. In general these distributions of Purkyně cells activated from forefoot and hindfoot appear as islands in the larger fields that degeneration procedures exhibit for the cuneocerebellar and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts respectively. The CF inputs from the footpads also project to these same colonies, so that there are conjoint MF and CF colonies. The several modalities of the cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the forefoot or hindfoot often participate in the receptive fields of individual Purkyně cells. Such a field may be restricted to one or other side of the foot, all tested cutaneous mechanoreceptors then sharing approximately in the same restriction. Finally it is shown how these experimental findings relate to the theories of cerebellar function, particularly to the dynamic loop hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic criteria for the evaluation of retard formulations (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetics ; retard formulations ; retard quotients ; sustained release ; half-value duration ; dibenzepin hydrochloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vivo criteria are proposed for the assessment of retard formulations. If the pharmacokinetics of the retard formulation tested and of the normal preparation are known, in either plasma or urine, two retard quotients can be defined which define the sustained release. One of the quotients refers to the width (half-value duration) and the other to the height of the plasma concentration time curve of the retard form as compared to the conventional preparation. From these criteria it is possible to draw useful conclusions about thein vivo quality of a retard formulation in an early stage of development of the dosage form. As a practical example the criteria have been applied to Noveril® 240 tablets (dibenzepin hydrochloride), the retard effect of which has made it possible to reduce the frequency of administration from three times daily to once a day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560355
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of DNA synthesis by lidocaine and procaine (1971)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 261-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass in Ehrlich-Ascites-Zellen die DNS-Synthese durch Lokalanaesthetika stärker gehemmt wird als die RNS- und die Proteinsynthese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02138133
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport, verteilung und Metabolismus von3H-und14C-markiertem DDT in graviden mäusen unter hungerbelastung (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 56-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After i.p. application of 1, 0,5 and 0,1 mg p,p' DDT, labelled with3H or14C, to pregnant mice in different stages of pregnancy, the same level of radioactivity was found in the fetal and maternal blood. Starvation for 2 days caused a significant increase of residues, especially in the liver. Residue levels of DDT and its metabolities DDE, DDD, DCB and (DDOH+DDA) are found in fetal and maternal blood, brain liver and fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01928263
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine Abwandlung des HAWIE-Wortschatztests als Kurztest zur Messung der Intelligenz Erwachsener (1971)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 214 (1971), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Short Scale of Intelligence ; Intelligenz-Kurztest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch die Anwendung des multiple-choice-Verfahrens beim Wortschatztest des HAWIE ist eine wesentliche Vereinfachung in der Durchführung, Auswertung und Interpretation des Tests möglich. Die Durchführungs- und Auswertungszeit kann auf wenige Minuten gesenkt werden. Dabei bleibt die Aussagefähigkeit des Wortschatztests fast vollständig erhalten. Seine Objektivität sowie seine Alters- und Krankheitsunabhängigkeit werden sogar noch verbessert. Das multiple-choice-Verfahren macht aus dem Wortschatztest einen Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test (MWT), der insbesondere als Zusatztest, wenn es darauf ankommt, das Intelligenzniveau von Probanden bei psychiatrischen, psychologischen und soziologischen Untersuchungen zu berücksichtigen, nützlich sein dürfte.
    Notes: Summary By introducing the multiple choice responses, the vocabulary test of Hawie is simplified in performance, evaluation and interpretation, the entire procedure now requiring only a few minutes. The evidence is nearly the same, while the objectivity and the invariance of age and psychoses are improved. The performance of multiple choice response transforms the vocabulary scale of free response into a vocabulary scale of multiple choice response (Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test = MWT). This test may be useful especially as an additional test, whenever information about the level of intelligence is needed in psychiatric, psychological and sociological inquiries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00342670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of caffeine on intestinal absorption of ergotamine in man (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ergot alkaloids ; ergotamine ; caffeine ; tritium label ; intestinal absorption ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and urinary radioactivity were measured in 6 normal volunteers after oral intake of3H-labelled ergotamine tartrate, either alone or combined 1:100 with caffeine. Plasma level and cumulative urinary excretion were higher after the combination than after ergotamine alone and the difference was significant at certain times. A detectable plasma level was reached 30 min after taking the combination but only 1 h after ergotamine alone. These results indicate faster and more complete intestinal absorption of ergotamine administered in combination with caffeine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560383
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflexes in postganglionic cutaneous fibres by stimulation of group I to group IV somatic afferents (1972)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 331 (1972), S. 244-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sympathetic Neurones ; Postganglionic Neurones ; Sympathetic Reflexes ; Somatic Afferents ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In cats anaesthetized with chloralose single unit activity of post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres was recorded from filaments of cutaneous nerves to the hairy skin regions of the hind limb. The characteristics of the spontaneous and evoked spike discharges of these postganglionic units upon somatic nerve stimulation were studied. The vagus and carotid sinus nerves were cut. 2. About 75% of the postganglionic units are spontaneously active. In these units single Group II afferent volleys from skin nerves usually induce reflex discharges followed by a depression of the spontaneous activity; Group III volleys have little additional excitatory or inhibitory effect; impulses in Group IV (unmyelinated) afferents increase the amount and duration of the inhibition. In a minority of spontaneously active units Group IV volleys induce excitation. 3. In general, the effects of muscle afferent volleys parallel those of cutaneous afferents. Group I volleys are always ineffective. There is considerable convergence of muscle and cutaneous input to individual postganglionic units. 4. Since the majority of spontaneously active postganglionic units in skin nerves presumably have vasoconstrictor function it is suggested that those units which are activated by Group IV volleys subserve different functions (vasodilators, a-v-shunt constriction, pilomotor?) from those which are inhibited by these volleys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589131
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