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  • 1965-1969  (10)
  • 1955-1959  (4)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 21 (1965), S. 307-308 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Strukturaufklärung von Circulin A, einem Antibioticum ausBacillus circulans ATCC 14040, berichtet, dem die Formel der Figur 1 zukommt. Somit gehört auch Circulin A zur Polymyxinfamilie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 22 (1966), S. 354-355 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Strukturaufklärung von Polymyxin D1, einem Antibioticum ausBacillus polymyxa ATCC 10401, berichtet, dem die Formel der Figur zukommt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 24 (1968), S. 656-657 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Strukturaufklärung von Circulin B, einem Antibiotikum ausBacillus circulans ATCC 14040, berichtet, dem die Formel des Schemas 2 zukommt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 29 (1958), S. 257-274 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of polymerization of vinylene carbonate have been studied as a function of the concentration of initiator, the concentration of monomer, and the temperature. In acetone solution, the order of reaction with respect to the concentration of initiator is equal to 0.5, independent of the monomer concentration ((M) = 4.15 and 14.7 mole/l.); moreover any thermal polymerization is absent at 70°C. Contrary in ethylbenzoate ((M) = 3.41 mole/l. at 77°C.) the apparent order with respect to the initiator is 0.77; in agreement with the results of Scanlan in the case of vinylacetate. This behavior is interpreted on the basis of an efficiency factor q, corresponding to the fraction of solvent radicals able to reinitiate a growing chain. In ethylbenzoate solution this factor q is equal to 0.45 and 0.80 for vinylene carbonate and vinylacetate, respectively. With respect to the monomer concentration, the order of the reaction is 1 in the presence of ethylene carbonate as solvent over the total range of concentrations. The transfer constant with this solvent is negligible because it results from molecular weight determinations at constant initiator concentration. In acetone and in benzene the apparent order of reaction is 1, only in dilute solutions; in concentrated solutions small amounts of solvent cause a strong decrease of the rates of reactions. This behavior has been interpreted on the basis of a general kinetic scheme, in which the cross-termination rate constant Φ and the chain transfer constant with the solvent are the predominant factors. In ethylbenzoate the reaction is characterized by a partial degradative chain transfer. The overall activation energy of the polymerization of vinylene carbonate is 22.2 kcal./mole and the coefficient A of the Arrhenius equation is equal to 3.0 × 10-9.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 20 (1956), S. 537-550 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Several problems in the process of radical polymerization, e.g., the relation between the chemical structure of vinyl monomer and its chemical reactivity, the prevalence of head-to-tail configuration, the reactivity of initiator radicals, the alternation tendency in heteropolymerization, and the relative ease of coupling in several cases of homopolymerization, are treated by the theory previously proposed by the present authors, in which reactivity is represented by the magnitude of stabilization energy due to π conjugation between a monomer and a radical in the transition state. In addition, a brief discussion on the existing theories of reactivity and some applications of Hush's method to the problem of termination are presented. The agreement between results of calculation and experiment is shown to be almost statisfactory.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In order to study the influences of polymerization temperature upon the molecular conformation of polyacrylonitrile, two types of samples are prepared at two different temperatures using a redox system. By employing the ARCHIBALD ultracentrifugal procedure the molecular weight determination is made for seven fractions from a sample polymerized at -30°C. (“T”-series) and for six ones from that obtained a t +60°C. (“S”-series).Between the intrinsic viscosity in dimethyl formamide (DMF) and the molecular weight the following relations are found: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin {array}{l} \left[ {\rm \eta } \right]_{30^\circ} \left({\rm dl./g.} \right) = 2.09 \cdot 10^{-4} {\rm M}^{\rm 0.76} \left({\rm "S" - series} \right)\\ \left[ {\rm \eta } \right]_{30^\circ} \left({\rm dl./g.} \right) = 2.96 \cdot 10^{-4} {\rm M}^{\rm 0.74} \left({\rm "T" - series} \right)\\ \end{array}$$\end{document} The viscosity equation for the “5”-series is in good agreement with that of CLELAND and STOCKMAYER.These results are analysed with aid of the recent viscosity theory of STOCKCMAYER and FIXMAN to evaluate the unperturbed dimension of these two homologous series. The [η]- M-relation for the “S”-series in the STOCKMAYER-FIXMAN form is: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left[{\rm \eta} \right]_{30^\circ} \left({\rm dl./g.} \right) = 2.0 \cdot 10^{-3} {\rm M}^{1/2} + 0.65 \cdot 10^{-5} {\rm M}$$\end{document}The unperturbed dimension of the „S“-series is found to be smaller than that of the “T”-series. The steric factor σ, defined as the ratio of unperturbed dimension to that corresponding to the free rotation, is about 2.10 and 2.30 for the “S”- and “T”-series, respectively. This leads to the conclusion that the syndiotactic part in the chain of polyacrylonitrile will be increased by a lowering of the temperature of polymerization.
    Notes: Um den Einfluß der Polymerisationstemperatur auf die Molekülformation des Polyacrylnitrils zu untersuchen, werden zwei Präparate bei zwei verschiedenen Temperaturen unter Verwendung eines Redoxsystems hergestellt. Die Molekulargewichte von sieben Fraktionen des bei -30°C hergestellten Polymerisates („T„-Reihe) und von sechs Fraktionen des bei +60°C gewonnenen („S„-Reihe) werden nach dem Ultrazentrifugen-Verfahren von ARCHIBALD bestimmt.Zwischen der Viskositätszahl in Dimethylformamid (DMF) und dem Molekulargewicht gelten folgende Beziehungen: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin {array}{l} \left[ {\rm \eta } \right]_{30^\circ} \left({\rm dl/g} \right) = 2,09 \cdot 10^{-4} {\rm M}^{\rm 0,76} \left({\rm "S" - Reihe} \right)\\ \left[ {\rm \eta } \right]_{30^\circ} \left({\rm dl/g} \right) = 2,96 \cdot 10^{-4} {\rm M}^{\rm 0,74} \left({\rm "T" - Reihe} \right)\\ \end{array}$$\end{document} Die Viskositätsgleichung für die „S„-Reihe stimmt mit der von CLELAND und STOCKMAYER sehr gut überein.Die Meßdaten werden mit Hilfe der neuen Viskositätstheorie von STOCKMAYER und FIXMAN analysiert, um die ungestörten Knäueldimensionen der beiden polymerhomologen Reihen miteinander zu vergleichen. Die dieser Theorie entsprechende Form der [η]-M-Beziehung lautet für die „S„-Reihe: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left[{\rm \eta} \right]_{30^\circ} \left({\rm dl/g} \right) = 2,0 \cdot 10^{-3} {\rm M}^{1/2} + 0,65 \cdot 10^{-5} {\rm M}$$\end{document}Es wird gefunden, daß die ungestörte Knäueldimension der „S„-Reihe um etwa 10% kleiner ist als die der „T„-Reihe. Der sterische Faktor σ, der als Verhältnis der ungestörten Knäueldimension zu der bei freier Drehbarkeit zu erwartenden definiert wird, liegt bei 2,10 für die „S„-Reihe und bei 2,30 für die „T„-Reihe. Dieser Tatsache wird entnommen, daß der syndiotaktische Anteil des Polyacrylnitrils durch Erniedrigung der Polymerisationstemperatur vergrößert wird.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 26 (1957), S. 311-321 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The stabilization energy due to the conjugation taking place between a monomer and an ion in the transition state is calculated by the LCAO perturbation theory, in the same way in which the reactivity in radical copolymerization has previously been treated. In terms of this stabilization energy, the reactivity ratios of several monomer pairs in ionic copolymerization are satisfactorily interpreted. It is noted that, by the present method, both the radical and ionic copolymerization can be treated in a unified manner, whereas it is difficult in existing empirical methods. The positions of attack in polymer ions as well as in monomers, which are predicted by the frontier electron densities, are shown to agree well with experimental facts. The relative reactivities of vinyl monomers in ionic homopolymerization is also explained successfully by the magnitude of the localization energy computed by the LCAO method.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 27 (1958), S. 275-283 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The copolymerization of vinylene carbonate VC (M2) with several vinyl monomers (M1) has been examined. The reactivity ratios r2 and r1 have been determined in the system VC-vinyl acetate (0.27 and 3.0), VC-vinyl chloride (0.09 and 5.2), VC-vinylpyrrolidone (0.4 and 0.7), VC-methyl methacrylate (〈0.01 and ∼70). These values indicate for vinylene carbonate in the Alfrey-Price scheme a reactivity Q equal to 0.012 and a polarity e of -0.6. From the r1 and r2 parameters of the system vinyl acetatevinylpyrrolidone (0.38 and 0.44, respectively) the Q and e values of vinylpyrrolidone have also been determined: Q = 0.11 and e = -1.6. The copolymers of vinylene carbonate and vinyl acetate yield on hydrolysis polyalcohols —(CH2CHOH)x—(CHOH)y— of which the solubility decreases with increasing content of hydroxyl groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 83-99 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The trapping of electrons and styrene cations and anions has been studied in a methylcyclohexane glass by the techniques of deferred luminescence. Radiothermoluminescence curves consist of two peaks, at 90 and 95°K, in this matrix. The second peak increases linearly with styrene concentration up to 2 × 10-2M when it reaches a constant value, whereas the first peak increases from 10-4 to 10-3M and then decreases at higher concentrations and is not discernible at concentrations above 10-2M. We propose two mechanisms which are qualitatively consistent with this behavior and are based essentially on the recombination of styrene cations with thermally detrapped electrons in the first peak and with anions in the second peak. Photothermoluminescence (i.e., thermoluminescence after photoionization with ultraviolet light) similarly consists of the 90 and 95°K peaks for a 10-3M solution and of the 95° peak alone for a 10-d M solution.Radiophotoluminescence excitation spectra at 77°K, corresponding to absorption spectra of trapped electrons and styrene anions, show that anions are the predominant negative species in 10-2 molar solution, and trapped electrons in 10-3 molar solution. Spectral analysis of radiothermoluminescenece shows the presence of two emission bands, one of which is identical with styrene fluorescence excited by the 254 Nm mercury line (λmax = 292, 302, 307, and 317 Nm). The other band has three fairly poorly resolved maxima at 474, 486 and 496 nm and seems to correspond to the fluorescence of C6H5ĊH-CH3 radicals formed during radiolysis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 3 (1965), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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