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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onion fly egg distribution in soil: a new sampling method and the effect of two granular insecticides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192777
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses ton-dipropyl disulfide by ovipositing onion flies: Effects of concentration and site of release (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1261-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Hylemya antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; host selection ; oviposition ; dipropyl disulfide ; behavior ; herbivore ; plant-insect interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Onion fly females,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) laid the most eggs on ovipositional dishes havingn-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) release rates of 1–6 ng/sec from polyethylene capsules placed beneath a sand substrate. When dipropyl disulfide was released from the wax coating of surrogate foliage rather than from the substrate, ovipositing females again responded differentially to various concentrations, laying more eggs around stems containing 0.075 and 0.089 mg/stem. Factorial combinations of several concentrations released from surrogate foliage and substrate showed that releases from surrogate foliage stimulated four times more egg-laying than releases from the substrate. Females tended to lay more eggs around surrogate stems having Pr2S2 at the base rather than on the upper half of foliage. Observations of individual females performing preovipositional examining behaviors on Pr2S2-treated surrogate stems indicated that females tended to land on the upper portions of the foliage, but after landing, spent most of their time examining areas of soil and surrogate within 1 cm of the soil-surrogate foliage interface. Surrogate stems provide a realistic context for investigating effects of plant chemicals on host-acceptance behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020553
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of onion fly attractants and ovipositional stimulants by bacterial isolates cultured on onion (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 905-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; Erwinia carotovora varcarotovora ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; food attractant ; ovipositional stimulant ; dipropyl disulfide ; 2-phenylethanol ; pentanoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Decomposing onions at certain microbial successional stages produce potent volatile attractants and ovipositional stimulants of the onion fly,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). A reproducible source of these compounds was obtained by culturingErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (EC) on sterile onion tissue. In laboratory choice tests, EC-inoculated onion was more attractive thanKlebsiella pneumoniae (KP) cultured on onion, EC cultured on potato (a nonhost of onion fly), or the chemical synthetic baits dipropyl disulfide and an aqueous solution of 2-phenylethanol and pentanoic acid. Onion flies were mildly attracted to potato after inoculation with EC, but females did not accept EC-inoculated potato for oviposition. This work emphasizes that sources of semiochemicals may need to be defined microbiologically as well as physically and chemically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015186
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pungent spices, ground red pepper, and synthetic capsaicin as onion fly ovipositional deterrents (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 719-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition ; deterrent ; capsaicin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory choice experiments, the spices dill, paprika, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, and red pepper deterredDelia antiqua oviposition by 88–100%. Dose-response choice tests demonstrated that 1 mg of ground cayenne pepper (GCP) placed within 1 cm of artificial onion foliage reduced oviposition by 78%. A synthetic analog of capsaicin, the principal flavor ingredient of red peppers, deterred oviposition by 95% when present at 320 ppm in the top centimeter of sand (the ovipositional substrate). However, in no-choice conditions 10 mg GCP was not an effective deterrent. Sevana Bird Repellent and Agrigard Insect Repellent both use red pepper as a principal ingredient; at recommended field rates, neither of these materials was an effective ovipositional deterrent either in laboratory or field. Capsaicin-based materials do not appear to be candidates for onion maggot control via behavioral modification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014714
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation and rearrangement processes in the mass spectra of perhalogeno-aromatic compounds - VIIFor Part VI, see Ref. 1.. Pentafluorophenyl derivatives of nitrogen (1972)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1972), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of several perfluoroaromatic nitrogen compounds, including primary and secondary amines, diamines, nitriles, hydrazines, azines and azo compounds, are presented. Fragmentation patterns of these compounds are described and the data are discussed in terms of comparisons amongst perfluoroaromatic nitrogen compounds, and with reference to the hydrogen substituted analogs, or to oxygen and sulfur analogs of a particular compound.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210060110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation and rearrangement processes in the mass spectra of perhalogenoaromatic compounds - VI. Perfluoroaromatic heterocyclic derivatives of sulfur, selenium and tellurium (1972)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1972), S. 373-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the compounds C12F8M2 (M = S, Se), (I), C12F8M (M = S, Se, Te), (II) and C12F8SX2 (X = Br, I), (III), have been measured. Results indicate that sulfur-carbon bonds are more stable under electron bombardment than either selenium-carbon or tellurium-carbon bonds. Numerous metastable-supported transitions are evident, which are incorporated into comprehensive fragmentation schemes for these compounds. Many metastable transitions, not previously reported, were observed for the fluorocarbon fragments and a fragmentation scheme is reported.The bromine and iodine-containing compounds behave remarkably like the heterocyclic systems, I and II, presumably due to initial loss of Br2 or I2 to form a ring system of type II.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210060404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectra-structure relationships in carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results from a large data base (1979)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 12 (1979), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A link between a substructure searching system and a 13C NMR data base has been established and permits the retrieval and examination of the chemical shifts associated with specific substructures. The means by which these searches are accomplished is described and the results from the searches are presented and discussed. The system is interactive, and can be used to locate in the data base the chemical shifts of carbon atoms in precisely defined environments. Alternatively, it may be used to learn the range of the chemical shifts possessed by particular types of carbon atoms, such as N-methyl or O-methyl carbons.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270120508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assignment of relative configuration in cyclopentenes from proton chemical shift increments (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 21 (1983), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ‘syn-upfield’ rule for vicinal shielding by methyl and chlorine substituents has been confirmed for a series of 4-chlorocyclopentenes, and used to make configurational assignments in cases where conclusions based on vicinal proton coupling are not reliable. The methoxymethyl group should be added to those substituents whose effect on vicinal protons can be deshielding, irrespective of geometry.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/omr.1270210411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentafluorophenyl and phenyl-phosphinidene ions and their group V analogues (1970)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 237-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210030212
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation and rearrangement processes in the mass spectra of perhalogenoaromatic compounds - VIII:Presented in part at the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 19th Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Atlanta, Georgia, 1971. For Part VII, see Ref. 1; for Part IX see Ref. 12. Fluoroaromatic heterocyclic derivatives of group IV (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1974), S. 235-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metastable ion supported fragmentations and fluorine transfer rearrangements of a series of fluoroaromatic heterocyclic derivatives of silicon, germanium and tin are reported. Of particular interest is the unique loss of neutral SiF4 from the parent ion of (C12F8)Si yielding the [C24F12]+· ion. These and similar rearrangements are discussed and structures are proposed for some of the ions observed. The general case of cyclic rearrangement intermediates prior to the loss of neutral metal fluorides from perfluoroaromatic derivatives is discussed. Losses of neutral metal fluorides from the parent ions appear to involve a species with increased co-ordination number about the central atom as an intermediate. In addition to (C12F8)2M, the following compound types were studied: (C6H5)2Ge(C12F8), (C12F8S)2M and R4Sn2(C6F4)2 (where M = a Group IV metal and R = CH3 or C6H5).
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210080126
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