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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (12)
  • Cat  (3)
  • Adaptation  (2)
  • Bayesian inference  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural correlates of motion after-effects in cat striate cortical neurones: monocular adaptation (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 72 (1988), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Vision ; Visual cortex ; Adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Motion after-effects were elicited from striate cortical cells in lightly-anaesthetized cats, by adapting with square-wave gratings or randomly textured fields drifting steadily and continuously in preferred or null directions. The time-course and recovery of responsiveness following adaptation were assessed with moving bars, gratings or textured fields. Results were compared with controls in which the adapting stimulus was replaced by a uniform field of identical mean luminance, and also assessed in relation to the strength and time course of adaptation. Within 30–60 s adaptation, firing declined to a steady-state. Induced after-effects were direction-specific, and manifest as a transitory depression in response to the direction of prior adaptation, recovering to control levels in 30–60 s. Maximal after effects were induced by gratings of optimal drift velocity and spatial frequency. With rare exceptions after-effects were restricted to driven activity; no consistent effects on resting discharge were observed. The onset of adaptation, and the recovery period, were more rapid in simple cells, although after effects of comparable strength were elicited from simple and from standard complex cells. Special complex cells, including many of the more profoundly texture-sensitive neurones in the cortex, were more resistant to adaptation. The results support the conclusion that psychophysically measured adaptation and induced motion after-effect phenomena reflect the known properties of cortical neurones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248495
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of plaid patterns to distinguish the corticofugal and direct retinal inputs to the brainstem optokinetic nystagmus generator (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 324-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Vision ; Optokinetic nystagmus ; Eye movements ; Plaids ; Brainstem ; Motion perception ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have recorded the direction of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) elicited by moving plaid patterns in order to dissociate the pathways that mediate horizontal OKN. The plaids used comprised two drifting sinusoidal gratings arranged such that their individual directions of drift were very different from the direction of coherent motion of the overall pattern. The direction of OKN with binocular viewing was close to the mean of the component directions, suggesting a dominant influence of cortical visual neurons that respond to oriented one-dimensional components of the image. But the direction of OKN was consistently shifted slightly towards the direction of motion of the overall pattern, suggesting a secondary influence responsive to pattern direction. OKN recordings obtained during monocular viewing suggest that this secondary influence reflects the direct retinal pathway to the brainstem structures mediating OKN.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228955
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Topography of projections from the motor cortex to rubrospinal units in the cat (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 315-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Red nucleus ; Unit recording ; Motor cortex ; Topographical organization ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A topographical study of the cortico-rubrospinal pathway was conducted in cats anesthetized with chloralose. Extracellular unit recordings were made from cells in the red nucleus projecting to the spinal cord. They were identified by antidromic invasion following stimulation of their axones at the 2nd cervical and 9th thoracic levels of the spinal cord. I. The pericruciate cortical regions from which spikes could be induced in rubrospinal neurons were limited to the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus, the lateral sigmoid gyrus and the anterior part of the posterior sigmoid gyrus. No responses were obtained from stimulation of the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus or the gyrus proreus. Compared to the somatotopic organization of the motor cortex for the cat described by Woolsey (1958), our results show that the rubrospinal cells receive projections from the motor cortex controlling proximal and distal muscles but not axial muscles. II. Neurons projecting to the cervico-thoracic cord receive afferents from the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the lateral sigmoid gyrus whereas those projecting to the lumbo-sacral cord receive projections from the entire surface of the sigmoid gyrus except the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the gyrus proreus. III. A latero-medial organization of cells within the red nucleus was found according to the origin of their cortical afferents. Rubrospinal neurons with fibers terminating in the cervical or thoracic cord receive projections from the motor cortex controlling the proximal musculature of the forelimb when they are located in the dorso-lateral region of the nucleus and the entire forelimb motor cortex when they are located in the medial part of the nucleus. It is suggested that this organization may indicate a control of proximal forelimb musculature by dorsolateral rubrospinal cells and distal musculature by medial cells. IV. Rubrospinal cells placed medially in the nucleus receive more convergent projections (i.e. from a greater cortical surface) than cells placed more laterally. It was shown that for certain cells the convergence occurs in the direct pathway. These results are discussed in terms of a functional organization allowing coordinated movements of different segments of a single limb or of different limbs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234669
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Bayesian approach to validating STR multiplex databases for use in forensic casework (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Key words DNA profiling ; Forensic identification ; Bayesian inference ; Likelihood ratio ; Coancestry ; coefficient ; Probability ; Statistics ; PCR ; STR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A previous paper in this journal has described the conventional statistical analysis of three databases (Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asians from the Indian subcontinent) where individuals are typed at six short tandem repeat (STR) loci. This paper presents a Bayesian analysis of the same data and the approach is centred on the concept of estimating coancestry coefficients from mixed databases. Posterior distributions for the three databases are presented and discussed and the consequences of implementing bootstrap estimation procedures are also shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050079
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The pattern specificity of velocity aftereffects (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Motion ; Velocity ; Visual cortex ; Adaptation ; Texture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Interactions between two different visual patterns, a coarse grating and a fine texture pattern, were investigated in the context of velocity aftereffects in human subjects. The perceived velocity shift, in which the perceived velocity of a moving test pattern is reduced following exposure to a similarly moving adaptation pattern, is apparent when the adaptation and test patterns are of the same or different types. The aftereffect transfers interocularly in both cases. The directional tuning of the aftereffect is broad, and has a different profile for texture adaptation than for bar adaptation. When adaptation is to a composite stimulus comprising independently moving bars and texture, the aftereffect varies according to the nature of the test pattern. The results are discussed with reference to interactions between the responses of neurones in feline striate cortex to the two types of pattern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237020
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Motion after-effects in cat striate cortex elicited by moving gratings (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Vision ; Motion after-effects ; Cat ; Visual cortex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Responses of striate cortical neurones to bars of optimal orientation and width, moving with fixed velocity, were recorded in the lightly anaesthetized cat. Effects of periods of pre-adaptation with square-wave gratings of variable spatial frequency and velocity, drifting continuously in each cell's preferred or null directions, were investigated. Variations of cells' directional bias and responsiveness to oriented bars were assessed in relation to the degree and time-course of pre-adaptation to drifting gratings, compared with the preceding level of firing when exposed to uniform backgrounds of the same average luminance. All cells showed some susceptibility to pre-adapting moving gratings: subsequent responses to a bar were initially depressed in the direction of pre-adaptation and, in direction-biased or bidirectional cells, were enhanced in the opposite direction, compared with bar responses following exposure merely to a uniform background. These effects were strongest and most consistent amongst standard complex cells and weakest amongst special complex cells: maximal effects were obtained with adapting gratings of optimal velocity and spatial frequency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235938
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bayesian analysis of contingency tables: a simulation and graphics-based approach (1996)
    Springer
    Statistics and computing 6 (1996), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Schlagwort(e): Bayesian inference ; contingency tables ; Gibbs sampling ; graphical methods ; hypothesis testing ; independence ; intraclass tables ; model comparison ; predictive densities ; quasisymmetry ; simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we present a simulation and graphics-based model checking and model comparison methodology for the Bayesian analysis of contingency tables. We illustrate the approach by testing the hypotheses of independence and symmetry on complete and incomplete simulated tables.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140872
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rheology of solvent-cast polymer films (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 3827-3848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This paper describes and analyzes the results of an experiment where various thin polymeric films are continuously sheared between smooth glass substrates. The shear force per unit area has been measured as a function of mean uniaxial stress and temperature using representative “good” and “poor” casting solvents followed by a range of heat treatments. The polymers studied include high density polyethylene, polybisphenol-A-carbonate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), atactic polystyrene, isotactic polystyrene, atactic poly(methyl methacrylate), isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl chloride), and polytetrafluoroethylene. The results indicate that the casting solvent has a very pronounced influence upon the rheology of the film. The casting solvents may apparently confer either ductile or brittle failure in the film and also influence the nature of the temperature and pressure dependence of the shear stress. The data have been analyzed using Eyring theory and also by reference to relevant published literature on the influence of solvent and thermal treatments on the morphology and deformation behavior of polymers. “Good” solvents generally tend to promote a brittle mode of failure with little temperature dependence. The same type of solvents also produced films which have higher shear strengths and show greater increases in shear strength with pressure. These data are adequately rationalized using free volume and entanglement notions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070281222
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Condensation of poly(4-vinylacetophenone) with various araldehydesCommunication No. 2070 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 3 (1960), S. 310-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The preparation of condensation products of poly(4-vinyl-acetophenone) with various substituted benzaldehydes is described. As in the case of the products obtained by condensing the poly(4-vinylacetophenone) with benzaldehyde, these, too, show to varying degrees the property of becoming insoluble when exposed to light. This sensitivity to light is generally higher where the aldehyde used contains electrondonating substituent groups in the para-position. This, in turn, is also related to the ability of such products to absorb a larger proportion of the longer wavelength portion of the emitted light.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070030908
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion of transition metals in “in situ” duplex oxide grown on a 316 stainless steel (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Diffusion von Übergangsmetallen in auf Stahl 316 aufgewachsenem Duplex-OxidMit der Methode der sukzessiven Abtragung wurden nach Diffusionsglühen bei 1273 K Konzentrationsprofile von radioaktiven Isotopen (Chrom, Mangan und Eisen) in einem auf Stahl 316 entstandenen doppelschichtigem Zunder ermittelt. Das Eisenisotop diffundiert danach normalerweise sowohl durch die innere als auch durch die äußere Zunderschicht. Die Konzentration der Isotopen von Chrom und Mangan nimmt in der äußeren Magnetitschicht nach Außen hin zu, zeigt aber in der inneren Spinellschicht ein normales Konzentrationsprofil. Die Diffusionskoeffizienten - ermittelt aufgrund der Konzentrationsprofile - lagen, bezogen auf die Diffusion in der Spinellphase, zwischen 6 × 10-12 und 3 × 10-11 cm2 sec-1.
    Notizen: Concentration profiles of chromium, maganese and iron radioactive tracers through a duplex oxide grown on 316 stainless steel have been obtained after a diffusion anneal at 1273 K using the serial sectioning technique. The iron tracer diffused normally in both inner and outer oxides of the duplex scale. The concentration of the chromium and manganese tracers increased with increasing penetration into the outer Fe3O4 layer but showed a normal profile in the inner spinel. The diffusion coefficients obtained from the profiles were in the range 6 × 10-12 - 3 × 10-11 cm2 sec-1 for diffusion in the spinel phases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290702
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