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  • Akute demyelinisierende Enzephalomyelitis  (1)
  • Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibromatosis 2 ; Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis ; Ghal hamartomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 2, NF2) accounts for less than 10% of all cases of neurofibromatosis and manifests itself with bilateral acoustic schwannomas, multiple schwannomas of spinal nerve roots, meningiomas, glial tumors and hamartomatous CNS lesions. We have observed dysplastic foci of immature neuroectodermal cells in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of six patients afflicted with neurofibromatosis 2, ranging from occasional clusters of immature, dysplastic cells to numerous, confluent lesions. These cells, although often polymorphic and multinuclear did not show mitotic acitivity or a tendency for neoplastic transformation. To determine the histogenesis of these foci, extensive immunocytochemical reactions were carried out with antibodies to a variety of glial, neuronal and nonneural cell lineages. With the exception of S-100 protein, no immunoreactivity was detectable. S-100 was consistently expressed in these foci, irrespective of their size, location, and degree of polymorphism. On the basis of cytological appearance, distribution and immunoreactivity we tentatively designate these foci as glial micro-hamartomas. Although we did not systematically analyze the CNS of patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis 1, NF1), the present study strongly suggests that these micro-hamartomas constitute a morphological hallmark of bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (NF2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ADEM ; Akute demyelinisierende Enzephalomyelitis ; Multiple Sklerose ; Pathologie ; Radiologie ; Keywords ADEM ; Acute disseminated Encephalomyelitis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Pathology ; Radiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Among non-neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system, demyelinating pseudotumors of the group of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) most frequently occasion neurosurgical intervention for purposes of definitive diagnosis and thus enter the domain of the surgical pathologist. Typically, ADEM presents with multifocal, bilateral lesions in an asymmetrical distribution. Especially monolocular manifestations may be diagnostically challenging. Due to the acuteness of clinical symptoms and the expansive, space-occupying character of the lesions a diffuse glioma, a metastatic disease, a primary cerebral Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, brain abscess, a parasitosis or an ischemic brain tissue necrosis may be suspected. This impression is supported by uptake of contrast-medium most pronounced at the periphery of the lesion and the subcortical location. The histomorphologic feature of relative axonal preservation in areas with acute myelin breakdown and lymphocytic infiltrates make the diagnosis of an acute primary demyelinating disease probable. A diagnosis of glioma may be prompted by the florid, cytologically atypical astrogliosis especially in intraoperative request. Based on a series of 14 cases of radiologically and bioptically documented cases of ADEM typical examples will be demonstrated and discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Demyelinisierende Pseudotumoren aus dem Formenkreis akuter disseminierter Enzephalomyelitiden (ADEM-Gruppe) gehören zu den häufigsten nichtneoplastischen Läsionen, die zumal in der bildgebenden neuroradiologischen Diagnostik das Bild einer Neoplasie vortäuschen können. Typischerweise handelt es sich bei der ADEM um multifokale, bilaterale asymmetrische Läsionen. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind v. a. seltene monolokuläre Manifestationen bedeutsam, bei denen aufgrund der akuten klinischen Symptomatik sowie des expansiven raumfordernden Charakters der Läsionen klinisch-radiologisch nicht selten ein hirneigener glialer Tumor, eine Karzinommetastase oder ein primär zerebrales Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom, gelegentlich auch eine ischämische Hirngewebsnekrose oder ein Abszess vermutet wird. Diese Annahmen werden durch die subkortikale Lokalisation und die marginal betonte Anreicherung von Kontrastmittel unterstützt. Der bioptische Nachweis einer relativ frischen Markschädigung und einer lymphozytären Entzündungsreaktion bei relativer Unversehrtheit axonaler Strukturen macht die Diagnose einer akuten primären Entmarkungserkrankung wahrscheinlich. Die floride reaktive Astrogliose mit z. T. pleomorphen tumorverdächtigen Reizformen der Astroglia kann so ausgeprägt sein, dass im Rahmen der intraoperativen Schnelldiagnostik ein Gliom in Erwägung gezogen wird. Exemplarisch werden Befunde einer Serie 14 radiologisch und stereotaktisch-bioptisch dokumentierter ADEM vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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