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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron and hole doping in NiO (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 71.28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated hole doped (by lithium) and electron-doped (by nickel metal) NiO with photoemission (PES), inverse photoemission (IPES) and low and high energy electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Both types of doping create empty states approximately in the middle of the charge transfer gap of undoped NiO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317591
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelectron-spectroscopy investigation and electronic properties of LiNbO3 crystal surfaces (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.20 ; 71.55 ; 73
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electronic properties of Ar-ion and electron bombarded single-crystal surfaces of LiNbO3 have been investigated at room temperature by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and x-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In crystals reduced in this way, the loss of oxygen is accompanied with a loss of lithium and the creation of Nb4+ and Nb3+ ions. The relative concentrations of the various defects have been determined from their corresponding XPS core line spectra. When surface defects are produced an emission in the region of the bulk band gap appears. This gap emission is identified as arising from Nb 4d electrons due to the reduction of Nb5+ ions to Nb4+ and Nb3+ ions. The different behaviour of the gap emission upon surface treatment in the UPS and the XPS spectra is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00895926
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive MR-guided biopsies of the thyroid gland: validation of a new method (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1173-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Thyroid ; Biopsy ; Interventional MR ; MR guidance ; Stereotaxis ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical feasibility and utility of an interactive MR-guidance system to target and biopsy thyroid lesions, and to compare resolution between ultrasound and interventional MR imaging in the evaluation of thyroid lesions. Twenty thyroid lesions of 18 patients were interactively biopsied using a 0.5-T superconducting open magnet system. Stereotactic localization of the needle and imaging was accomplished using T1-weighted gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) images. Representative cytological material was retrieved in 16 of 20 lesions (benign cystic or colloid goiter: n = 14; one de Quervain's thyroiditis and one follicular neoplasia). Lesions smaller than 1.5 cm detected by ultrasound could not be visualized adequately on GRE images. Lesions smaller than 1.5 cm were successfully biopsied by ultrasound (three colloid and haemorrhagic goiters and one adenoma). Magnetic-resonance-guided interactive biopsies and positioning of non-ferromagnetic needles in the thyroid gland are technically feasible and safe. Compared with high-resolution ultrasound, lesions larger than 1.5 cm can be adequately visualized and biopsied. Magnetic-resonance-guided placement of non-ferromagnetic needles is no substitute for high-resolution ultrasound in clinical work-up of thyroid lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050529
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Punktionen an einem offenen, interventionellen MR-Gerät Veranschaulichung anhand eines Fallbeispiels (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 705-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Endometriose ; Biopsie ; Nadel ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Interventionelle Radiologie ; Key words Endometriosis ; Biopsy ; needle ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Interventional radiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction and Methods: A 0.5 T open-configuration MR system allows free access to the patient via a 58-cm-wide opening on both sides of the machine. A newly developed system for needle guidance enables the examiner to perform biopsies in combination with real-time imaging and to position laser fibers in the human body. For imaging, a 2D gradient echo sequence is used (TR 19 ms, TE 9 ms, flip angle 30 °, FOV 24 × 24 cm, slice thickness 10 mm matrix 256 × 128). The acquired images are displayed on two LCD screens localized within the MR system, thus allowing an interactive needle guidance. This procedure is illustrated by a case report. Discussion: The handling of the system for needle guidance was simple, mainly due to a real-time adaption of the scan plane to the needle direction. The possibility of multi-angulated approaches makes biopsies of hardly accessible anatomic regions feasible. Conclusion: We think that MR-guided needle positioning will play an important role in combination with thermosensitive therapies. Thermosensitivity of MR imaging allows extensive monitoring of such interventions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein offenes, interventionelles MR-Gerät (0,5 Tesla) erlaubt durch eine 58 cm breite Öffnung den Zugang zum im Gerät liegenden Patienten. Ein spezielles Punktionssystem ermöglicht es, unter Echtzeitbildgebung Punktionen vorzunehmen sowie auch Laserfasern im menschlichen Körper zu plazieren. Zur Bildgebung wird eine 2d-Gradientenechosequenz verwendet (TR 19 ms, TE 9 ms, Flipwinkel 30 °, FOV 24 × 24 cm, Schichtdicke 10 mm, Matrix 256 × 128). Die akquirierten Bilder werden dem punktierenden Radiologen auf 2 im Gerät angebrachten LCD-Monitoren angezeigt, wodurch eine interaktive Nadelführung ermöglicht wird. Es wurden bereits zahlreiche Punktionen an Patienten durchgeführt. Wichtig wird die MR-gesteuerte Punktion von Läsionen in Kombination mit der Durchführung thermosensitiver Therapien. Die der MR-Bildgebung inhärente Temperatursensitivität ermöglicht ein umfassendes Monitoring solcher Eingriffe in Echtzeit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electronic structure of KMnO4 investigated by photoemission and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 94 (1994), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 71.28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract From photoemission and electron-energy-loss data the following picture of KMnO4, with MnVII (with a formal charge state Mn7+ (3d 0)) tetrahedrally surrounded by four O2−-ions, is deduced: strong covalent bonding between MnVII and O2− leads to a considerable occupation of the Mn-3 d shell. The ground state of the (MnO4)−1 molecule is an orbital and spin singlet as seen by the absence of any multiplet splitting in the Mn core levels. The valence band shows a four peak structure extending form 4 eV to 8 eV below the Fermi energy. The first peak at 4.2 eV has mainly O-2p character. The remaining peaks are of strongly mixed Mn-3d/O-2p character due to the covalent bonding. This mixing decreases with increasing binding energy. The electron energy loss data show a variety of structures between 2 eV and 10 eV independent of the primary electron energy which defines them as dipole allowed charge-transfer transitions. An additional excitation at 1.8 eV decreases quickly in intensity with increasing electron energy which classifies it as a dipole or spin forbidden transition in the compound. This energy is close to the value of 1.6 eV reported for the activation energy observed in electrical transport data. The results are compared to quantum chemical molecular orbital calculations of the (MnO4)−1 molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoemission on gold-55-clusters derived from gold-phosphine AuP(C6H5)3Cl (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 20 (1991), S. 377-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured XPS and UPS spectra of gold clusters with 55 atoms, embedded in an electrically isolating phosphine matrix, and of gold-phosphine, from which the clusters were chemically derived. Compared to the spectra of bulk gold the valence band spectrum and the core level spectra of the clusters showed shifts of the peaks and the fermi level to higher binding energies. The shift of the peaks could qualitatively be interpreted by a final state effect. We succeeded in a separation of bulk and surface contributions to the core level spectra and in a reasonable quantitative analysis of the valence band spectrum of the clusters. The Au 4f core level spectrum of gold-phosphine showed two peaks at 1.5 eV higher binding energies than the corresponding peaks of the clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544015
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