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  • Blood flow velocity  (1)
  • Key words Protein S-100 –¶cardiopulmonary bypass –¶near infrared spectroscopy –¶pediatric cardiac surgery  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 232-235 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cerebral arteries ; Blood flow velocity ; Newborn infant ; Tobacco smoke ; Pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) were measured by the pulsed Doppler method in 41 infants of smoking mothers and in 59 apparently healthy control infants. Although gestational age, birth weight, and systolic blood pressure were lower in infants exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally, systolic (65±11 vs. 47±12 cm/s, mean ±SD;P〈0.001), mean (36±6 vs. 25±6 cm/s;P〈0.001), and diastolic (17±4 vs 13±4 cm/s;P〈0.001) CBFVs in the anterior cerebral artery were significantly higher when compared to control infants. Similar differences were seen in the internal carotid and in the basilar arteries. Multiple regression analysis did not reveal differences other than maternal smoking to explain these observations. We conclude that prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is related to increased CBFVs in newborn infants. Further studies should determine whether this relation is not only statistical but causal and whether increased CBFVs are an indicator of prolonged effects of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Protein S-100 –¶cardiopulmonary bypass –¶near infrared spectroscopy –¶pediatric cardiac surgery ; Schlüsselwörter Protein S-100 – Spektroskopie im Nahinfrarotbereich – extrakorporale Zirkulation –¶Kinderherzchirurgie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Das Ziel diese prospektiven Studie war, die Serumkinetik des hirnspezifischen Markers Protein S-100, eines Gliazell- und Astrozytenproteins, in Beziehung zur kontinuierlich registrierten zerebralen Oxygenierung vor und nach Korrekturoperationen angeborener Herzfehler zu evaluieren.¶   Methodik: Die regionale zerebrale Hämoglobin-Sättigung wurde mit Hilfe der Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (INVOS 3100A, Somanetics®, USA) bestimmt und das Protein S-100 mittels eines doppelseitigen Radioimmunassays analysiert (Sangtec® 100 IRMA, Bromma, Schweden).¶   Ergebnisse: Das Protein S-100 war bei allen Kindern ohne nachweisbare neurologische Komplikationen nach Ende der extrakorporalen Zirkulation um 2 Standardabweichungen des präoperativen Ausgangswertes erhöht gefunden (p〈0,0001). Die maximalen Serum-S-100-Konzentrationen korrelierten signifikant mit dem Alter (r=–0,75, p〈0,0001) und Gewicht (r=–0,72, p=0,005) der Kinder, der Bypasszeit (r=0,44, p=0,005) und der minimalen rektalen Temperatur (r=–0,67, p=0,004) während der extrakorporalen Zirkulation. Ein statistischer Zusammenhang fand sich zwischen dem postoperativen Serumspiegel des Protein S-100 und dem Abfall der regionalen zerebralen Hämoglobin-Sättigung während der Reperfusion (r=–0,37, p=0,02) und am Ende der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (r=¶–0,42, p=0,008).¶   Schlußfolgerung: Die Astrogliazellen scheinen auf die extrakorporale Zirkulation mit einer Expression des Protein S-100 zu reagieren. Eine Membranschädigung im endothelialastrozytären Zellkomplex der Blut-Hirnschranke könnte die Freisetzung des Proteins in die Blutstrombahn erklären. Beeinflussende Faktoren scheinen geringes Alter, Länge der extrakorporalen Zirkulation, Grad der Hypothermie und mögliche Reduktion der postoperativen zerebralen Oxygenierung zu sein.
    Notes: Summary Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetic patterns of the protein S-100, a specific cerebral astroglial cell protein, and the relationship to changes of cerebral oxygenation before, during, and after corrective cardiac surgery in infants and children.¶   Methods: 63 neonates, infants and children (age range 0.2–216 months) were included. Cardiac surgery was performed using full-flow cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia and alpha-stat strategy. Regional cerebral hemoglobin saturation was continuously determined by near infrared spectroscopy (INVOS 3100A, Somanetics®, USA). The protein S-100 serum concentrations were analyzed using a commercially available two-site immunradiometric assay kit (Sangtec® IRMA, Bromma, Schweden).¶   Results: A significant increase in serum levels of S-100 was found immediately after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (p〈0.001). The post-bypass S-100 serum levels significantly correlated with age ¶(r=–0.75, p〈0.0001), weight (–0.72, p〈0.005), bypass time (r=0.44, p=0.005), minimal rectal temperature (r=–0.67, p=0.004) and the decrease of regional cerebral hemoglobin saturation during reperfusion (r=–0.37, p=0.02) and at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (r=–0.37, p=0.008).¶   Conclusion: The release patterns of S-100 in association with CPB may indicate increased cell membrane permeability of the astrocytic-endothelial cell complex forming the blood-brain barrier. The increased post-bypass serum levels of S-100 were related to younger age, longer duration of bypass, deep hypothermia and decreased regional intravascular cerebral oxygenation during reperfusion and at the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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