Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-dietary factors as risk factors for breast cancer, and as effect modifiers of the association of fat intake and risk of breast cancer (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 8 (1997), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; diet ; reproductive factors ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess more precisely the relative risks associated with established risk factors for breast cancer, and whether the association between dietary fat and breast cancer risk varies according to levels of these risk factors, we pooled primary data from six prospective studies in North America and Western Europe in which individual estimates of dietary fat intake had been obtained by validated food-frequency questionnaires. Based on information from 322,647 women among whom 4,827 cases occurred during follow-up: the multivariate-adjusted risk of late menarche (age15 years or more compared with under 12) was 0.72 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.62-0.82); of being postmenopausal was 0.82 (CI=0.69-0.97); of high parity (three or more births compared with none) was 0.72 (CI=0.61-0.86); of late age at first birth (over 30 years of age compared with 20 or under) was 1.46 (CI=1.22-1.75); of benign breast disease was 1.53 (CI=1.41-1.65); of maternal history of breast cancer was 1.38 (CI=1.14-1.67); and history of a sister with breast cancer was 1.47 (CI=1.27-1.70). Greater duration of schooling (more than high-school graduation compared with less than high-school graduation) was associated significantly with higher risk in age-adjusted analyses, but was attenuated after controlling for other risk factors. Total fat intake (adjusted for energy consumption) was not associated significantly with breast cancer risk in any strata of these non-dietary risk factors. We observed a marginally significant interaction between total fat intake and risk of breast cancer according to history of benign breast disease, with fat intake being associated nonsignificantly positively with risk among women with a previous history of benign breast disease; no other significant interactions were observed. Risks for reproductive factors were similar to those observed in case-control studies; relative risks for family history of breast cancer were lower. We found no clear evidence in any subgroups of a major relation between total energy-adjusted fat intake and breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018431104786
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parental age at birth and risk of breast cancer in daughters: a prospective study among US women (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 2 (1991), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; maternal age ; paternal age ; prospective study ; USA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined the relation between parental age at birth and risk of breast cancer among daughters in a population of 118,309 US women who were 30 to 55 years of age in 1976 and without prior diagnosis of cancer. During 1,140,239 person-years of follow-up, we documented 1,799 incident cases of breast cancer in this population. After adjusting for established breast cancer risk factors, we observed only a weak and nonsignificant trend in risk of breast cancer with increasing maternal age at birth and no relation for paternal age. After adjusting for other risk factors, the chi trend was 1.10, P=0.27 for increasing maternal age at birth. Daughters born to mothers 30 to 34 years of age had an age-adjusted relative risk of breast cancer of 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.37) compared to daughters born to mothers less than 20 years of age. The weak positive trend in risk with increasing maternal age was present among both pre-and postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that there is little or no association between maternal age and risk of breast cancer, and that paternal age is not related to risk of breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052358
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer in relation to plasma estrogen and prolactin levels in postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study (United States) (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; endogenous hormones ; family history ; postmenopausal women ; reproductive factors ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Parity, age at first birth, age at menarche, and a family history of breast cancer have each been associated consistently with breast cancer risk. Whether this increase in risk is mediated, at least in part, through changes in endogenous hormone levels is unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the relationships between these factors and plasma hormone levels in 216 healthy postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study (United States). The hormones evaluated were estradiol, percent and total free estradiol, percent and total bioavailable estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, and prolactin. After controlling for age, body mass index (weight/height2), and alcohol use, we observed inverse associations between estrone sulfate and parity (r=−0.15, P=0.03) and between percent bioavailable estradiol and age at first birth (r=−0.17, P=0.02). Although women with a family history of breast cancer tended to have higher estrogen levels compared with women without such history, the differences were not statistically significant. Age at menarche was not related significantly to any of the hormones. These data provide some additional evidence that the inverse relationship observed between parity and breast cancer risk may be mediated, at least in part, through decreased estrogen levels. Our data do not support a substantial influence of either family history of breast cancer or age at menarche on postmenopausal estrogen or prolactin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051793
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prospective study of oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer (Nurses' Health Study, United States) (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 8 (1997), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; oral contraceptives ; United States ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Results of previous epidemiologic studies have provided reassurance that there is little, if any, increase in risk of breast cancer with oral contraceptive (OC) use in general. However, in several studies, an increased risk of breast cancer has been observed in two subgroups, young women who used OCs for extended durations and in women who used OCs prior to a first-term pregnancy. We evaluated these relationships using data from the ongoing Nurses' Health Study cohort (United States). We documented 3,383 cases of breast cancer from 1976 to 1992 among 1.6 million person-years of follow-up. We observed no overall relationship between duration of OC use and breast cancer risk, even among women who reported using OCs for 10 or more years (multivariate relative risk [RR]=1.11, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.94-1.32). Among women less than 45 years of age, the multivariate RR for using OCs for 10 or more years was 1.07 (CI=0.70-1.65) compared with never-users. The risk associated with five or more years of OC use prior to a first full-term pregnancy compared with never-use was 0.96 (CI=0.65-1.43). Among women less than 45 years of age, we observed no evidence of an increased risk with OC use before a first full-term pregnancy (use for five or more years: RR=0.57, CI=0.24-1.31). Because of the age distribution of our cohort, we were unable to evaluate these relationships among women less than 40 years of age. Our study provides considerable evidence that long-term past OC use, either overall or prior to a first full-term pregnancy, does not result in any appreciable increase in breast cancer risk in women over 40 years of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018435205695
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type of postmenopausal hormone use and risk of breast cancer: 12-year follow-up from the Nurses' Health Study (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 3 (1992), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; cohort study ; estrogens ; progestins ; Nurses' Health Study ; USA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We prospectively examined the use of hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer incidence in a cohort of women 30 to 55 years of age in 1976. During 12 years of follow-up (480,665 person-years) among postmenopausal women, 1,050 incident cases of breast cancer were documented. Overall, past users of replacement estrogen were not at increased risk. After adjustment for established risk factors, type of menopause, age at menopause, and current age, the rate ratio (RR) was 0.91, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 0.78–1.07. the risk of breast cancer was elevated significantly among current users (RR = 1.33, CI = 1.12–1.57); after adjusting for age, we observed no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of use among current users (P trend = 0.41), or among past users (P trend = 0.46). Women currently using unopposed estrogen (RR = 1.42, CI = 1.19–1.70), estrogen and progesterone (RR = 1.54, CI = 0.99–2.39), or progesterone alone (RR = 2.52, CI = 0.66–9.63), were all at increased risk of breast cancer compared with never users. These data suggest that long-term past use of estrogen replacement therapy is not related to risk, that current estrogen use increases risk of breast cancer to a modest degree, and that the addition of progesterone does not remove the increased risk observed with current use of unopposed estrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051356
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...