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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced biochemical engineering. By H. R. Bungay and Georges Belfort, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987 (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 2096-2097 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690331232
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell retention-chemostat studies of hybridoma cells - analysis of hybridoma growth and metabolism in continuous suspension culture in serum-free medium (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma metabolism ; perfusion culture ; suspension culture ; cell retention ; antibody productivity ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steady-state metabolic parameters for a hybridoma cell line have been determined in continuous suspension-perfusion culture over a wide range of perfusion rates and cell bleed rates. Significant increases in viable cell concentrations and volumetric productivities were achieved at high perfusion rates and low cell bleed rates. At the low growth rates examined in this study, cellular metabolism shifted to become more oxidative, and as a result, the fraction of consumed substrate converted to inhibitory metabolic by-products was reduced. Specific antibody productivity was found to be non-growth associated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient responses of hybridoma cells in continuous culture to step changes in amino acid and vitamin concentrations (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 303-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma metabolism ; continuous culture ; suspension culture ; antibody productivity ; amino acids ; vitamins ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of step-change increase in the concentrations of amino acids and vitamins on the metabolism, growth, and antibody productivity of a murine hybridoma cell line grown in continuous culture on serum-free medium are presented. Additions of the amino acids cysteine with methionine, tryptophan, and isoleucine with valine and vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) resulted in significant increases in viable cell concentrations. Additions of aspartate with asparagine, and threonine with vitamin B1 (as thiamine hydrochloride) resulted in significant increases in final antibody concentrations. Substantial decrease in the fraction of amino acid nitrogen excreted as ammonia occurred upon supplementation with three times the normal concentrations of branched chain amino acids. Decreases in the fraction of amino acid nitrogen converted to ammonia were paralleled by increases in the fraction converted to alanine. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of enzymes in porous supports: Effects of support-enzyme solution contacting (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 892-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Proteins have been immobilized in porous support particles held in a fixed-bed reactor through which protein solution is continuously circulated. Changing the recirculation flow rate alters the observed immobilization kinetics and the maximum enzyme loading which can be achieved for glucose oxidase and glucoamylase on carbodiimide-treated activated carbon and for glucoamylase immobilized on CNBr-Sepharose 4B. Direct microscopic examination of FITC-labelled protein in sectioned Sepharose particles and indirect activity-loading studies with activated carbon-enzyme conjugates all indicate that immobilized enzyme is increasingly localized near the outer surface of the support particles at larger recirculation flow rates. Restricted diffusion of enzymes may be implicated in this phenomenon. These contacting effects may be significant considerations in the scaleup of processes for protein impregnation in porous supports, since apparent activity and stability of the final preparation depend on internal protein distribution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260812
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submerged citric acid fermentation of ferrocyanide-treated cane molassesContribution from the Division of Applied Biology, National Research Council, Ottawa 2, Canada. Issued as N.R.C. No. 6722 (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ferrocyanide-treated cane molasses was fermented in 2.5-l. Pyrex tower fermenters using pellets of Aspergillus niger, grown in beet molasses, as an inoculum. The success of the process depended on accurate control of the ferrocyanide concentration in the fermentation mash. Highest yields (up to 80% conversion of available sugar in 8 days) were obtained when the ferrocyanide concentration was 20 p.p.m. at the start of fermentation and then increased to 80-150 p.p.m. at the 24-hr. period. Addition of phosphate, nitrate, or methanol to fermentation mash did not increase rate of acid production or final yield.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aeration in tower-type fermentors: Effect of tower diameter and number of aeration disksContribution No. 6866, from the Division of Applied Biology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of oxygen absorption by aqueous sodium sulphite solutions in tower-type fermentors up to 6 in. in diameter was related both to tower diameter and to the number of sintered Pyrex disks used for dispersing air entering the towers. Maximal rates of absorption were obtained in towers 2.5 in. in diameter. Under comparable conditions, rates of oxygen transfer in towers containing one aeration disk were approximately 30% higher than those in similar towers containing two or more disks. In towers greater than 6 in. in diameter, the absorption rate was independent of vessel diameter and number of aeration disks when more than one disk was used. Bubble coalescence was the main cause of the difference in the rate of oxygen absorption.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniform inoculation of nutrient surfacesContribution from the Division of Applied Biology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada. Issued as N.R.C. No. 7650. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 5 (1963), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of inoculating nutrient surfaces uniformly with bacterial cells has been developed. The method is based on controlled exposure of samples in a humidified chamber to a spray produced from a bacterial suspension. Factors affecting uniformity of inoculation (ionic strength of suspension, force of spray, distance between spray nozzle and sample, and exposure time) were studied in detail. Under optimum condition using agar medium in Petri plates, differences between total counts for six plates inoculated simultaneously, or between counts for individual 2 cm.2 areas taken at any location on any of the plates, were not statistically significant at the 5% level. The coefficient of variability for counts on 2 cm.2 areas renged from 8 to 12% between tests of 216 counts each.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260050208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submerged citric acid fermentation of beet molasses in tank-type fermentersIssued as N.R.C. No. 7672. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 5 (1963), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ferrocyanide-treated beet molasses was fermented in fully baffled mechanically agitated, 2.5-liter, tank-type fermenters using pellets of Aspergillus niger grown in shake flasks as an inoculum. The object of the study was to adapt the fermentation method previously developed in an unstirred tower-type fermenter to a conventional tank-type fermenter. Under selected conditions of stirring (agitator speed 400-700 rpm) and sparging (medium porosity sintered disk), high yields of citric acid (8.6% citric acid, 70% conversion of available sugar) were obtained in 140 hr. of fermentation. There was little relation between citric acid yield and aeration conditions in the fermenter as judged by mash viscosity measurements and sulfite oxidation studies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260050304
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of potassium ferrocyanide on the chemical composition of molasses mash used in the citric acid fermentationIssued as N.R.C. No. 8405. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The addition of potassium ferrocyanide to the molasses substrate (mash) used in the citric acid fermentation had little or no effect on the total carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus content of the substrate but reduced the ash content by 1-4% depending on the type and crop year of molasses. Eighteen of the 21 metals identified in beet molasses by spectrographic analysis were precipitated in part by the treatment. The metals known to interfere with citric acid production, particularly manganese and iron, were those most efficiently precipitated. At mash temperatures of 80°C. and approximately 100°C., precipitation was completed within 15 min. after ferrocyanide addition and the reductions in the soluble mineral content in each case were similar. At 25°C. the precipitation reactions occurred but required more than 50 hr. to complete. Significantly more total mineral and more iron, calcium, and copper were precipitated at pHs 4 and 6 than at pH 8; manganese precipitation, however, was not affected by these pH changes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of manganese and other heavy metals on submerged citric acid fermentation of molasses (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The addition of as little as 2 ppb of manganese to ferrocyanide-treated beet molasses during citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger NRC A-1-233 caused a 10% reduction in acid yield and undesirable change in the morphology of the organism from the normal pelletlike form to the filamentous from. Still smaller additions (0.4-2ppb) caused undesirable pellet clumping, while greater additions (2-100 ppb) gave further decreases in yield. The yield obtained at 100 ppb was less than 25% of that obtained at 1 ppb or less. None of the other metals tested (Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) visibly changed pellet morphology, and only Al3+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ at relatively higher concentrations (5-25ppm) reduced acid yield. The adverse effect of manganese on growth and acid production was not affected by addition of the other metals.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080402
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