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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 46 (1995), S. 130-133 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene-block-poly-1-azabicyclooctane[4,2,0] has been modified by protonation or alkylation of the polyamine moiety. Short chain alkyl iodides lead to quantitatively quarternized products while longer alkyl chains or alkyl-bromides give incomplete conversion. The viscosimetric behavior of the charged blockcopolymers is dominated by the polyelectrolyte block although the polyelectrolyte effect is drastically reduced by the presence of the polystyrene block.The blockcopolymers are insoluble in water, but concentrated solutions of the polymers in DMF can be diluted with any amount of water without any precipitation. Although the blockcopolymers have an amphiphilic structure they do not exhibit any surface activity. In a water/DMF (9/1) solution the polymers have a core-shell micelle-like structure of collapsed polystyrene block which is solubilized by the surrounding polyelectrolyte block.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: From a series of enzymatically synthesized amyloses with a very narrow molecular weight distribution (Pw/Pn = 1.001-1.002) and degrees of polymerization (Pn) between 25 and 480 the iodine complexes were prepared. The absorption spectra as well as the ORD- and CD-curves of these complexes were recorded. COTTON effects were observed at 365, 485 and in the range of 500-600 mμ. The wavelength of the absorption maximum (λmax) of greatest wavelength and of the positive CD-maximum in the region of 500-600 mμ may be described as functions of Pn by the equation : \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\frac{1}{{\lambda _{\max } }} = \frac{1}{{\rm A}} + \frac{{\rm B}}{{\rm A}} \cdot \frac{1}{{{\rm P}_{\rm n} }} $$\end{document} Furthermore, the extinctions, the base molar rotations and dichroic absorptions have been evaluated as a function of Pn. The base molar rotations and the CD-absorptions exhibited a maximum between Pn 70 to 100 and decreased again at higher Pn. ORD and CD increased on standing of the solutions, whereas the locations of the absorption maxima as well as of the COTTON affects remained unchanged. Possible reasons for this behaviour are discussed.
    Notes: Von einer Reihe enzymatisch synthetisierter Amylosen mit sehr enger Molekulargewichtsverteilung (Pw/Pn = 1,00 bis 1,002) und Polymerisationsgraden (Pn) zwischen 25 und 480 wurden die Jodkomplexe hergestellt. Die Absorptionsspektren sowie die ORD-und CD-Kurven dieser Jodkomplexe wurden aufgenommen. Es treten COTTON-Effeket auf bei 365, 485 und im Bereich von 500-600 mμ. Die Wellenlänge des langwelligen Absorptionsmaximums (λmax) sowie des positiven CD-Maximums als Funktion von Pn lassen sich durch folgende Gleichung beschreiben: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{1}{{\lambda _{\max } }} = \frac{1}{{\rm A}} + \frac{{\rm B}}{{\rm A}} \cdot \frac{1}{{{\rm P}_{\rm n} }} $$\end{document} Ferner wurden die Extinktionen, die grundmolaren Drehwerte und die CD-Absorptionen als Funktion von Pn untersucht. Drehwerte und CD-Absorption durchlaufen zwischen Pn 70 und 100 maximale Werte und sinken bei höherem pn wieder ab. Sowohl ORD als auch CD nehmen im Laufe der Zeit zu, obwohl die Extinktionen und die Lage der Absorptionsmaxima und der COTTON-Effekte unverändert bleiben. Mögliche Ursachen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 450-450 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 13 (1954), S. 210-222 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Different diacyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, dialkylperoxides and peracids are used as components of Fe··-redox-systems to polymerize styrene in benzene at 50° C. The conversions so obtained are compared with those of peroxide-induced polymerization. In cases of brominated peroxides one can calculate from the bromine-content of the polymers the incorporated catalyzer-fragments. No bromine can be found in the polymer if one uses brombenzoperacid; therefore if must be assumed, that the chain-initiation ensues through OH-radicals.
    Notes: Verschiedene Diacylperoxyde, Hydroperoxyde, Dialkylperoxyde und Persären werden als Komponenten von Eisen-Redox-Systemen zur Polymerisation von Styrol in Benzol bei 50° C benutzt. Die erzielten Umsätze werden mit denen bei peroxydischer Polymerisation verglichen. Bei bromhaltigen Peroxyden kann aus dem Bromgehalt der Polymeren auf die Zahl der eingebauten peroxydischen Bruchstücke geschlossen werden. Dabei Anwendung von Brombenzopersäre kein Brom in den Polymeren nachzuweiseu ist, muß angenommen werden, daß der Kettenstart durch OH-Radikale erfolgt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 3191-3195 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Optimized syntheses of 1,3,6,9-tetraoxacycloundecane (2), 1,3,6,9,12-pentaoxacylotetradecane (3), and 1,3,6,9,12,14,17,20-octaoxacyclodocosane (4) as well as some physical and chemical properties and the proof of structure are reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 571-574 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements effect of elastic waves in steel- and rock rods using the magneto-elasticStress waves in steel and iron ore rods produced by a mechanical impact can be measured by a sensor using the magneto-elastic effect. A detection of the changing magnetic flux is made. The function describing the propagation of longitudinal waves in rods is known as the stress wave equation. The agreement with theory is verified by examinations of steel rods using strain gauges. Afterwards the signals of three iron ores (magnetite, hematite, siderite) are recorded. Induced voltage is measured by the magneto-elastic sensor in the case of magnetite and hematite, however it is not possible to detect any signal for siderite. This means that the change of magnetic flux depends on the kind of bulk magnetic appearance, not on content of iron.Using the magneto-elastic sensor the magneto-elastic effect offers the possibility to detect tree of contact mechanical waves produced by a mechanical impact in ferro- or ferrimagnetic solids.
    Notes: An Stahl- und Eisenerzstäben werden die durch einen Stoß ausgelösten elastischen Dehnwellen mit Hilfe eines Sensors gemessen, der den magnetoelastischen Effekt ausnutzt. Detektiert wird dabei die Änderung des magnetischern Flusses. Die theoretische Beschreibung der Ausbreitung elastischer Längswellen in Stäben erfolgt mit Hilfe der eindimensionalen Dehnwellengleichung. Die Übereinstimmung mit der Theorie wird exemplarisch durch Untersuchungen an Stahlstäben mittels Dehnungsmeßstreifen verifiziert. Danach werden die Signale von drei Eisenerzstäben (Magnetit, Hämatit, Siderit) aufgenommen. Bei den Gesteinen Magnetit und Hämatit lassen sich mit dem magnetoelastischen Aufnehmer Induktionsspannungen messen, während beim Siderit keine Signale aufgezeichnet werden konnten. Das bedeutet, daß für die Änderung des magnetischen Flusses nicht der Eisengehalt, sondern die Art der äußeren magnetischen Erscheinungsform der Proben entscheidend ist.Der magnetoelastische Effekt bietet somit die Möglichkeit die durch eine Stoßbelastung in ferro- bzw. ferrimagnetischen Materialien ausgelösten mechanischen Wellen berührungslos mit Hilfe eines magnetoelastischen Sensors zu erfassen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dependence on chain length of two characteristic properties of amylose, i.e., retrogradation and complex formation with iodine, have been studied by using enzymatically synthesized, homodisperse amyloses. The association rates of amyloses in water containing 5% dimethyl sulfoxide have a sharp maximum at a degree of polymerization P̄n of 80; shorter and longer molecules are much more soluble. The iodine complexes of amylose exhibit a strong Cotton effect in the range of the long-wave absorption maximum (position depending on chain length) and two weaker Cotton effects at 480 and 350 nm. The long-wave Cotton effect is most intense at about P̄n 50 and decreases rapidly for shorter and longer chains. This behavior is unexpected and is not in accordance with the further increase of λmax and λmax. The experiments can best be interpreted by assuming well ordered, stiff chains in the low molecular weight range (P̄n 50-80). For longer chains, the findings are discussed in the light of current concepts of amylose conformation in aqueous solution, namely the model of the broken helical chain (alternating stiff helical segments and unordered regions) and the model of a flexible coil without a significant helical content. However, according to the results given in this paper, a wormlike helical chain seems to be the most adequate model for amylose conformation in neutral solution.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1523-1529 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The principle of chemical amplification has proven to be successful for the design of highly sensitive, high resolution resist material. In many cases a strong Broensted acid, generated by photolysis of onium salt precursors, has been used to catalytically cleave an acid labile blocking moiety. A new approach to negative tone resist is based on acid catalyzed cleavage of acetal blocked aromatic aldehydes, which act as “latent electrophiles” and, under the influence of strong acid, react with the surrounding phenolic resin. If the acetal is polyfunctional or incorporated in a phenolic polymer chain, an increase in molecular weight, due to crosslinking, is observed. The resist is highly sensitive and allows the resolution of 0.5 μm features without swelling.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In the polymerization of styrene and dimethyl butadiene 2,3 initiated by Fe2+ redox systems the peroxidal compound (diacyl peroxide) is permanently attached to the polymer. It is shown, that the number of incorporated, marked terminal groups in the polymerisation of styrene with p-bromobenzoylperoxide-Fe3+ benzoate-benzome is the same as in the peroxidal polymerization with p-bromobenzoyl peroxide. This evidence points to assuming that the peroxidal polymerization is also initiated by radicals which are formed by redox reaction between peroxide and monomer. In case of the polymer dimethyl butadiene all marked terminal groups which are formed in the Fe2+ redox catalized polymerization, are indicated to be ester groups.
    Notes: Bei der durch Eisen-Redox-Systeme ausgelösten Polymerisation von Styrol und von Dimethylbutadien -2.3 wird die peroxydische Komponente (Diacylperoxyd) in die Makromoleküle eingebaut. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei der Polymerisation des Styrols mit Dibrombenzoylperoxyd-Eisenbenzoat-Benzoin die Zahl der eingebauten, markierten Endgruppen die gleiche ist wie bei der peroxydischen Polymerisation mit Di-Brombenzoylperoxyd. Dies spricht dafür, daß auch die peroxydische Polymerisation durch Radikale ausgelöst wird, die bei einer Redox-Reaktion zwischen Peroxyd und Monomerem entstehen. Für das polymere Dimethylbutadien wurde nachgewiesen, daß alle markierten Endgruppen, die bei der eisen-redox-katalysierten Polymerisation gebildet werden, esterartig eingebaut sind.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1954), S. 20-34 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Different methods of radical-polymerization of acrylamide in solution and in bulk are described. The γ-rays induced polymerization yields products of extremely high molecular weight. The polymerization induced by Fenton's Reagent on the other hand leads to products of low intrinsic viscosity. Ultrasonic waves polymerize the monomer and depolymerize the polymer. The viscosity of a pure polymer and its fractions plotted against the concentration shows that these polyacrylamides in aqueous solution are homoeopolar molecularcolloids.
    Notes: Verschiedene Methoden zur Radikal-Polymerisation von Acrylamid mit und ohne Lösungsmittel werden beschrieben. Die durch γ-Strahlen ausgelöste Polymerisation ergibt sehr hochmolekulare Polymerisate; dagegen haben die mittels Fenton-Reagens erhaltenen Produkte nur sehr geringe spezifische Viskosität. Ultraschall wirkt auf das Monomere polymerisierend und auf das Polymere depolymerisierend. Aus den Viskositätskurven eines reinen Polymerisates und seiner Fraktionen ist zu schließen, daß solche Polyacrylamide in wäßriger Lösung als homöopolare Molekülkolloide vorliegen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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