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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cholesterol ; Intervention ; Hypertension ; CHD reduction ; Trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Over the past 6 years, major hypertension intervention studies in Europe, Australia, and the USA have shown disappointing results in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in spite of adequate treatment and good compliance. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that hypertensives with or without treatment display higher cholesterol levels than normotensive persons. The present review examines cholesterol levels in six intervention studies, none of which offered dietary or drug therapy for hypercholesterolemic patients. The Oslo study and the British MRC Trial reported very high average cholesterol levels and both showed no protection from CHD through intensive therapy in comparison to control patients. The Australian and the American MRFIT studies produced evidence for reduced coronary mortality among hypertensives with low in contrast to those with high cholesterol levels. The European Working Party showed indirectly that patients with marked reduction in blood pressureand cholesteral had a significantly lower cardiac mortality compared to placebo-treated patients. The IPPPSH study found that increasing cholesterol levels in hypertensives under beta blockeror diuretic therapy increased the risk of myocardial infarction. Failure to reduce cholesterol in hypertensive patients apparently is a major reason for the limited efficacy of antihypertensive treatment in the reduction of CHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 990-992 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Salt restriction ; Lipoproteins ; Cholesterol ; Obesity ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible increase in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol following severe restriction of dietary NaCl was reported in 1990 and and 1991 from three experiments, one in the United States and two in Germany. Each of these experiments lasted only 1 week. To evaluate the clinical side effects we analyzed data collected from patients who completed a course of NaCl-restricted weight reduction at the Duke Diet and Fitness Center. Observations of lipid changes are not available for periods of less than 3 weeks; however, we were able to collect data on lipid and lipoprotein changes from 556 participants 25 days after they were referred for weight reduction. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels returned to normal in the majority of obese patients. In our slightly longer observation period in patients on a 1000 mg NaCl restricted diet we found no evidence of hyperlipidemic side effects. We believe that the hyperlipidemia resulting from severe sodium restriction in non-hypertensive, normal-weight individuals is not relevant to the problem of nonpharmacological and diuretic treatment of obese hypertensive patients. In clinically healthy, normal-weight, normotensive individuals severe salt restriction serves no practical or therapeutic purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 18-28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of purity, cold work and welding on creep rupture behaviour of X20 CrMoV 12 1 tubes at 550 °CIn the water steam circuit of the German Thorium High Temperature Reactor (THTR 300) a high tempered martensitic X20 CrMoV 12 1 steel with low P and S contents and improved impact toughness was used at the first time for live steam and reheater pipes. There were similar and dissimilar weldings (with austenitic steel alloy 800). Small pipes were cold bended.Therefore ABB started a material testing programm supported by BMFT.Creep rupture tests at 550 °C til 60 000 h led to following results:-Creep rupture strength and 1 % creep strain limit of the tougher grade lie in the lower half of the commercial steel scatterband.-Under service creep loadings tertiary creep begins after a life-time of about 60% resp. a plastic elongation of about 1 %.-The creep damage can be described by microstructural classes.-Only for small stress ranges there are nearly constant creep stress exponents which are independent from the melts.-Low loading speeds reduce static elastic moduls.-Cold work reduces creep rupture strength and deformation.-Under stress transverse to welding joints the design according to creep rupture strength of the base material must include a reduction factor. The fine grained part of the HAZ is the weakest area.With the results of long-time examinations the design of future HTR-plants, fossil-fired power stations, and chemical plants may furtherly be optimized.
    Notes: Im Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf des THTR wurde erstmals im Kraftwerksbau ein P- und S-armer, hoch angelassener martensitischer 12% CrMoV-Stahl mit verbesserter Kerbschlagzähigkeit für FD-, Zwischenüberhitzer- sowie Kleinleitungen eingesetzt. Dabei kommen artgleiche Rohrschweißverbindungen und auf der Dampferzeugerseite die Mischverbindung mit dem austenitischen Stahl X5 NiCrAlTi 3120 vor. Beim Biegen der Kleinleitungen trat Kaltverformung auf.Im Rahmen der vom BMFT geförderten Werkstoffprogramme wurden vorlaufende und betriebsbegleitende Zeitstandversuche an mehreren Schmelzen bis derzeit rund 60 000 h bei 550 °C durchgeführt, die zu folgenden Ergebnissen führten:-Die Zeitstandfestigkeit und 1 %-Zeitdehngrenze der zäheren Variante liegt in der unteren Streubandhälfte der Stahlsorte.-Bei betriebsnaher Zeitstandbeanspruchung muß damit gerechnet werden, daß der 3. Kriechbereich des Grundwerkstoffs und des artgleichen Schweißgutes nach rund 60% der Standzeit bis Bruch bzw. nach einer bleibenden Dehnung von etwa 1% beginnt.-Für verschiedene Spannungsbereiche können annähernd konstante, schmelzenunabhängige Kriechspannungsexponenten angegeben werden.-Eine langsame Belastungsgeschwindigkeit beeinträchtigt den stat. E-Modul.-Zeitstandfestigkeit und -bruchverformung werden durch Kaltverformung beeinträchtigt.-Bei Beanspruchung quer zur Schweißnaht müssen bei der Auslegung gegen die Zeitstandfestigkeit Schweißminderungsfaktoren berücksichtigt werden. Die feinkörnige WEZ ist der zeitstandfestigkeitsmaßig schwächste Bereich.Mit den gewonnenen Ergebnissen kann die Auslegung künftiger HTR-Anlagen, konventioneller Kraftwerke und Chemieanlagen weiter optimiert werden.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 465-474 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterisation of the delamination behaviour of thermoplastic UD-composites made by different hybrid yarn structuresIn order to determine delamination behaviour of glass-fibre-reinforced polyamid composites the compression shear test and the DCB (Double Cantilever Beam)-, SEN- and NBT-test for mode-I- and the ENF (End Notched Flexure)-test for mode II-loading were used.By these tests the energy release rate G respectively K and the R cure (crack resistance curve) have been measured which characterise the crack resistance of the material against delamination.The composites were made by different hybrid yarn structures produced by air texturing (commingled yarn: COM), side-by-side arrangement (SBS), friction spinning (FS), Kemafil (KEM)- and Schappe(SCH)-technology. The influence of different glass fibre sizings was investigated.The results demonstrate the significant influence of different hybrid yarn structures and glass fibre coatings on fracture thoughness during crack propagation along the fibre/matrix interface. The best values were obtained for composites produced on the basis of commingled yarn structure.
    Notes: Zur Charakterisierung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Delamination und Rißfortschritt wurde an thermoplastischen UD-Verbunden, die aus unterschiedlichen Hybridgarnstrukturen hergestellt worden sind, die Druckscherfestigkeit sowie interlaminare Bruch-zähigkeit mittels „Double Cantilever Beam“-Test (DCB), „Single Edge Notched“-Test (SEN) und „Notched Bending“-Test (NBT) für Mode I-Belastung und dem „End Notched Flexure“-Test (ENF) für Mode II-Belastung untersucht. Die Hybridgarnstrukturen unterscheiden sich ihrer Herstellugstechnologie entsprechend in der Anordnung der Verstärkungs-und thermoplastischen Matrixfilamente im Garn. In die Untersuchungen einbezogen wurden außerdem Verbunde mit unterschiedlicher Grenzschichtgestaltung. Ermittelt wurden die kritischen Energiefreisetzungstraten Gc bzw. die kritischen Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren Kc und für Mode I-Belastung die entsprechenden Rißausbreitungskurven, die die interlaminare Rißausbreitung charakterisieren. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit der lufttexturierten Hybridgarnstruktur erreicht.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 168 (1927), S. 17-30 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: in situ microscopy ; on-line biomass determination ; cell concentration ; depth from focus ; image analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new technique is presented which allows the use of a front-end sensor head for in situ and on-line characterization of cell concentration and cell size during fermentation. An epifluorescence microscope is mounted in a port of a bioreactor viewing directly into the agitated broth. Still images from cells are generated using pulsed illumination. They are directly visualized on a monitor and used for automatic image analysis. The cell concentration and morphological information are determined by counting and evaluating the cell images with respect to their depth from focus characteristic. An in situ microscope was successfully tested during yeast fermentations and yielded results which correlated well with results from a hemocytometer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1131-1132 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 1275-1276 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 950-951 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 37 (1965), S. 875-884 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Bedarfsentwicklung für Mineralölprodukte und Petrochemikalien war in den letzten Jahren in Europa und besonders in Westdeutschland ungewöhnlich stürmisch und führte dazu, daß die entsprechenden Industrien in steigendem Maße immer größere Anlagen-Einheiten errichteten. Im folgenden sollen die mit dieser Problematik zusammenhängenden volkswirtschaftlichen, betriebswirtschaftlichen und technischen Aspekte diskutiert werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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