Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • grasshopper  (5)
  • Orthoptera  (4)
  • Deterrence  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Deterrence ; oral dosing ; toxicity ; diet breadth ; Hypera brunneipennis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of plant secondary compounds, several of which are quite widespread in nature were tested for their deterrence to the specialist coleopteran Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) in short-term behavioral assays. The compounds were nicotine, quinine, sparteine, hordenine, linamarin, amygdalin, sinigrin, morin, juglone, chlorogenic acid, digitonin, mimosine, diosgenin, rutin and ursolic acid. Nine of these were then tested for their post-ingestional effects over one to two weeks of adult life, using fecundity as a measure of the effects. In only one case was there any indication of a detrimental effect or any trend suggesting one. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: diet mixing ; foraging ; generalist ; grasshopper ; plant-insect interaction ; omnivory ; Brachystola magna ; Taeniopoda eques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The foraging behavior of a cryptic romaleine grasshopper was observed in its natural habitat in southern Arizona. Individual polyphagy, dietary mixing, and the pattern of feeding on different substrates were monitored. Individuals were found to be extreme generalists with surprising levels of feeding on other insects. Differences in the foraging behavior between grasshopper species are discussed in relation to the habitat, the season, and the different defensive strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: foraging ; grasshopper ; predation risk ; dietary mixing ; Schistocerca ; patch size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The grasshopper, Schistocerca americana, grew better on a mixture of cotton and kale than on either alone. When the two foods were placed in close proximity, growth rates were similar among individuals, but when they were 20 cm apart growth rates were extremely variable among individuals. Behavioral analyses showed that distance influenced the dietary mixing behavior of individuals. Foods close together were sampled more often and there were more meals that included both food types. When foods were distant, individuals tended to stay for relatively long periods at one or the other; when on cotton, this resulted in more feeding on cotton, which was an inferior food. Individuals varied in the extent to which they were constrained by the distance between the two foods. Those that moved between the foods less and therefore mixed less seemed to grow less well, suggesting the possibility of a trade-off between active foraging and behavior associated with predator avoidance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: herbivore ; grasshopper ; foraging ; Schistocerca americana ; novelty ; neophilia ; learning ; habituation ; nutrition ; diet mixing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated mechanisms that could lead to incorporation of unpalatable foods into the diet of a generalist grasshopper, Schistocerca americana: nutritional stress, habituation, learning, and attraction to novelty. The model system involved mesquite, a palatable but inferior food, and mulberry, an unpalatable but adequate food. Nutritional stress, due to prolonged intake of the inferior food, mesquite, did not increase the acceptability of mulberry. Habituation to the deterrent compounds in mulberry and associative learning of the nutritional benefits of mulberry also did not occur. However, mulberry became more acceptable after a day of restriction to a single food type other than mulberry, and even deterrent and nutritionally worthless alternatives such as filter paper became acceptable after a day on any one food type. A tendency to feed on novel food types may be a proximate mechanism for the incorporation of relatively unpalatable, but nutritionally valuable foods into the diet. Novelty and the apparent need for diversity of foods are discussed in the context of exploratory foraging behavior by generalist herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Schistocerca ; grasshopper ; learning ; aversion ; novelty ; polyphagy ; dietary mixing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Schistocerca americanasixth-instar nymphs were examined for a change in diet acceptance, in which insects experiencing an unfavorable diet subsequently become predisposed to eat relatively less of that diet and more of diets with a novel flavor than they would had they previously fed on a more adequate diet. Insects were pretreated for 4 h on either low-protein (2 % wet wt) or higherprotein (4%) artificial diets flavored with a plant secondary compound (tomatine or rutin). They were then offered, in choice or no-choice tests, the lowprotein diet with the familiar or a novel (tomatine, rutin, or NHT) flavor. When tomatine was the familiar and rutin the novel flavor in a no-choice test, the insects previously fed low-protein diets took relatively long meals on the novel and relatively short meals on the familiar diets compared with the insects that had previously eaten higher-protein diets. A similar, but in this case considerably less pronounced and statistically nonsignificant, pattern existed in the reciprocal design experiment in which rutin was the familiar and tomatine the novel flavor. Similarly, insects fed low-protein diets flavored with rutin subsequently showed an increased relative preference for the novel flavor (NHT) in a choice test, compared with the high protein-pretreated insects. It is concluded that insects fed protein-deficient diets may subsequently show a preference for novel foods through different mechanisms, the importance of which may differ in different circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 19-28 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Schistocerca americana ; rutin ; grasshopper ; phagostimulant ; phenolic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rutin was demonstrated to be a phagostimulant for the grasshopper Schistocerca americana across a very wide concentration range. The effect was not maintained over a period of days if the insects had already ingested a large amount, but when individuals were given different concentrations on disks as supplements to their lettuce diet, they tended to self select a moderate quantity on a daily basis. In long term experiments on food utilization and growth rates using artificial diet, no beneficial effects of rutin could be demonstrated. Ingested rutin was absorbed and some of it deposited in the cuticle. Most was excreted as the aglycone quercetin. The possible functional significance of the phagostimulatory effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 119-133 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Deterrence ; habituation ; oral dosing ; toxicity ; deterrent-masking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Des essais préliminaires ont porté sur les différentes techniques de dosage de produits qui normalement inhibent la prise de nourriture. L'isolement des composés hydrosolubles dans des liposomes a donné des résultats prometteurs pour les dissuadants puissants, bien qu'au cours d'absorptions expérimentales de liquide beaucoup de dissuadants aient perdu de leur efficacité. La microencapsulation, en les enfouissant dans une matrice de polymère pour former des sphères sans véritable paroi, peut avoir masqué le pouvoir dissuadant des produits lipophiles, mais n'a pas masqué suffisamment le goût des produits hydrosolubles. La microencapsulation dans des capsules de gélatine a été efficace avec les colorants liposolubles, la paroi de la capsule semblant détruite très rapidement après ingestion. Le revêtement de fines particules par de la cire n'a pas masqué efficacement l'effet dissuasif de la quinine, mais a été valable avec les produits insolubles dans les lipides. L'encapsulation moléculaire de l'acide grindellique dans de la cyclodextrine a masqué son effect dissuasif pour [?]Schistocerca gregaria. Les larves ont mangé le tout pendant les second et troisième stades et ont présenté un ralentissement du développement pendant le troisième stade sans diminuation de la consommation. L'étude comportementale de l'administration de produits dissuasifs comprend l'action de boire et l'accoutumance. Certains produits qui réduisent la consommation de feuilles ont été absorbés en quantités suffisantes avec l'eau de boisson pour donner des doses significatives avec une ou deux prises de liquide par jour. Des larves de Pseudaletia unipuncta alimentées avec du blé traité à la nicotine pendant les cinquième et sixième stades, ont consommé moins que les témoins, mais seulement pendant les 24 premières heures de l'expérience. La prolongation d'un jour, de la durée de développement, a été attribuée au temps nécessaire à l'accoutumance.
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary assessment was made of a variety of approaches to dosing insects with compounds that normally deter feeding. Enclosing water-soluble compounds in liposomes has promise for strong deterrents, although in drinking assays many deterrents lose their potency anyway. Microencapsulating compounds by embedding them in a polymer matrix to form spheres without a true barrier wall may have masked deterrency of a lipophilic compound, but did not adequately mask the taste of water-soluble compounds. Microencapsulation with gelatin was shown to work with lipid-soluble dye and the capsule walls appear to be broken down very rapidly after ingestion. Coating fine particles with beeswax did not successfully mask the deterrence of quinine, but has value with compounds insoluble in lipids. Starch coating can be effective for insects lacking salivary amylase. Molecular encapsulation of grindelic acid in cyclodextrin masked its deterrency to Schistocerca americana. Nymphs fed this material through the second and third instars showed an increase in development time during the third instar without any corresponding reduction in consumption rate. Behavioral approaches to administering deterrent compounds include drinking and habituation. Some compounds that reduce consumption of leaf material were taken in drinking water in amounts sufficient to give relevant doses in one or two drinks daily. Pseudaletia unipuncta larvae fed nicotine-treated wheat through the fifth and sixth instars ate less than control larvae during the first 24 h of the experiment but showed no reduction in consumption after that period. A one-day increase in development time was attributed to the one-day habituation period. More work is needed on the release of taste-masked compounds in the gut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tannins ; digestibility-reducing substances ; surfactants ; detergency ; herbivory ; chemical defense ; allelochemics ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Schistocerca gregaria ; Orthoptera ; Acrididae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The rate of hydrolysis of the abundant foliar protein, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC), in enzymatically active gut fluid ofManduca sexta larvae is very rapid and is unaffected by the presence of tannic acid, even when tannic acid is present in the incubation mixture in amounts in excess of the amount of RuBPC. When this protein is dissolved in the denatured gut fluids ofM. sexta larvae orSchistocerca gregaria nymphs, large amounts of tannic acid must be added to bring about the precipitation of significant quantities of protein. The ability of insect gut fluid to prevent the formation of insoluble tannin-protein complexes is due to the presence of surfactants. On the basis of our results and a review of the findings of other investigators, we argue that there is no evidence that tannins reduce the nutritional value of an insect's food by inhibiting digestive enzymes or by reducing the digestibility of ingested proteins and, further, that the failure of tannins to interfere with digestion is readily explained on the basis of well-documented characteristics of the digestive systems of herbivorous insects. In challenging the currently popular notion that tannins are digestibility-reducing substances, we do not challenge the general utility of either the apparency theory or resource availability theory of plant defense. In debating the merits of these two analyses of plant-herbivore interactions, however, the demise of tannins as all-purpose, dose-dependent, digestibility-reducing defensive substances must be taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 561-579 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Creosote bush ; Larrea ; nordihydroguaiaretic acid ; grasshoppers ; monophagy ; Bootettix ; Ligurotettix ; Cibolacris ; Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; host selection ; feeding deterrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The host-selection behavior of three species of grasshopper feeding on creosote bush,Larrea tridentata, in southern California was investigated. The species wereBootettix argentatus, which is monophagous;Ligurotettix coquilletti, oligophagous; andCibolacris parviceps, polyphagous. The monophagous species is stimulated to bite by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a compound that is characteristic of the host plant and that may comprise up to 10% of the dry weight of the leaf. Host specificity ofB. argentatus is enhanced by deterrent responses to compounds present in the surface waxes of all non-host-plant species. Both the oligophagous and polyphagous species are deterred by NDGA at naturally occurring concentrations. Their association withLarrea is probably based on tolerance of the plant chemicals rather than on dependence on specific chemicals. Factors other than the chemistry of the plant probably also contribute to the specificity ofB. argentatus andL. coquilletti.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 2519-2526 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Schistocerca americana ; Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; deterrence ; toxicity ; plant defense ; diet breadth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of plant secondary compounds, several of which are quite widespread in nature were tested for their deterrence to the generalist grasshopperSchistocerca americana in short-term behavioral assays. The compounds were coumarin, salicin, tannic acid, gramine, nicotine, quinine, carvone, geraniol, abietic acid, umbelliferone, and ursolic acid. These were then tested for their post-ingestional effects over the whole of the last larval instar. Different methods were employed to mask the taste of compounds that were deterrent in order to ensure that any effects were not due to reduced feeding. In no case was there any indication of a detrimental effect or any trend suggesting one. In two cases, there was a significant increase in growth rate with the addition of the secondary compound to the diet. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...