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  • Added nitrogen interaction  (3)
  • Klebsiella  (3)
  • Diazotrophic bacteria  (2)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineralization of soil organic nitrogen solubilized by aqua ammonia fertilizer (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Added nitrogen interaction ; Alkaline-hydrolysing fertilizer ; Aqua ammonia ; Gross N immobilization ; Gross N mineralization ; 15N ; Soluble organic N availability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Organic N solubilized by NH3(aq) was extracted from 15N-labelled or unlabelled soil, concentrated and added to non-extracted soil, which was incubated under aerobic conditions at 27±1°C. Gross N mineralization, gross N immobilization, and nitrification in soils with or without addition of unlabelled soluble organic N were estimated by models based on the dilution of the NH 4 + or NO inf3 sup- pools, which were labelled with 15N at the beginning of incubation. Mineralization of labelled organic N was measured by the appearance of label in the mineral N pool. Although gross N mineralization and gross N immobilization were increased in two soils between day 0 and day 7 following addition of unlabelled organic N solubilized by NH3(aq), there was no increase in net N mineralization. Solubilization of 15N-labelled organic N increased and the 15N enrichment of the soluble organic N decereased as the concentration of NH3(aq) added increased. A constant proportion of approximately one-quarter of the labelled organic N added at different rates to non-extracted soil was recovered in the mineral N pool after an incubation period of 14 days, and the availability ratios calculated from net N mineralization data were 1.1:1 and 2.1:1 for 111 and 186 mg added organic-N kg-1 soil, respectively, indicating that the mineralization of organic N was increased by solubilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335824
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological interactions between soil nitrogen and alkaline-hydrolysing nitrogen fertilizers (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Added nitrogen interaction ; Ammonia fixation ; 15N ; Immobilization ; Fertilizer-induced solubilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Added N interactions were measured in four soil incubated with 15N-labelled urea or diammonium phosphate. The use of biologically active, γ-irradiated, or reinoculated γ-irradiated samples allowed us to separate added N interactions due to chemical and biological processes, and to distinguish real interactions from apparent effects. Real biologically mediated added N interactions were observed in one soil for both fertilizer sources and in three soils amended with urea. These real interactions increased with the N fertilizer rate, but did not differ significantly between N sources. Fertilizer-induced unlabelled organic N in soil extracts declined during incubation in both sterile and non-sterile samples, but the temporal decline was higher in biologically active soil. Changes in fertilizer-induced unlabelled organic N in the extracts of three soils attributed to biological processes were similar to the measured real biologically mediated added N interactions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that real biologically mediated added N interactions arise from the mineralization of soil organic N solubilized by alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307839
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amelioration of water stress effects on wetland rice by urea-N, plant growth regulators, and foliar spray of a diazotrophic bacterium Klebsiella sp. (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 454-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Water stress effects ; Urea N ; Diazotrophic bacteria ; Plant growth regulators ; Wetland rice ; Oryza sativa L. ; Klebsiella sp. strain ; CO2 exchange ; Na content
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Some of the measures suggested for amelioration of drought effects include application of N fertilizer and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Since N2-fixing bacteria produce plant growth substances (PGRs), the effect of foliar application of an active strain of Klebsiella sp. (KUPOS) on IR-50 rice was examined using three foliar sprays applied at 10-day intervals. Irrigation once every 3 days was essential for plant growth. Application of KUPOS and 40 kg N ha-1 improved grain yield of acutely water stressed plants from 330 kg ha-1 to more than 1300 kg ha-1 along with an improvement in several growth variables and yield determinants. Indole acetic acid, kinetin and GA3, in a mixture of 10-4 M of each, were less effective than KUPOS in alleviating stress effects. The adverse effects of water stress on respiration and photosynthesis as indicated by CO2 exchange were also alleviated by these treatments. While uptake of K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Mo was increased, Na content decreased, accompanied by an increase in proline content. The order of effectiveness of the treatments was 40 kg N ha-1 〉KUPOS〉PGRs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335922
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amelioration of water stress effects on wetland rice by urea-N, plant growth regulators, and foliar spray of a diazotrophic bacterium Klebsiella sp. (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 454-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Water stress effects ; Urea N ; Diazotrophic bacteria ; Plant growth regulators ; Wetland rice ; Oryza sativa L. ; Klebsiella sp. strain ; CO2 exchange ; Na content
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Some of the measures suggested for amelioration of drought effects include application of N fertilizer and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Since N2-fixing bacteria produce plant growth substances (PGRs), the effect of foliar application of an active strain of Klebsiella sp. (KUPOS) on IR-50 rice was examined using three foliar sprays applied at 10-day intervals. Irrigation once every 3 days was essential for plant growth. Application of KUPOS and 40 kg N ha–1 improved grain yield of acutely water stressed plants from 330 kgha–1 to more than 1300 kgha–1 along with an improvement in several growth variables and yield determinants. Indole acetic acid, kinetin and GA3, in a mixture of 10–4 M of each, were less effective than KUPOS in alleviating stress effects. The adverse effects of water stress on respiration and photosynthesis as indicated by CO2 exchange were also alleviated by these treatments. While uptake of K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Mo was increased, Na content decreased, accompanied by an increase in proline content. The order of effectiveness of the treatments was 40 kg N ha–1 〉KUPOS〉PGRs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335922
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utility of phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms in the improvement of crop growth (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Klebsiella ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; Phyllosphere ; Rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The beneficial effect of spraying some highly active phyllosphere N2-fixing microorganisms on high and low yielding cultivars of rice plants as compared with that of urea applied at different doses are described. The dry weight, N-content, 1000 grain weight, and yield were remarkably increased in all cases with the application of phyllosphere microorganisms. The performance of two isolates KUP4 and KUPBR2 with IR-8 and IR-26 rice, was better than that of 52 kg urea-N per hectare. IR-579 rice leaves in association with some phyllosphere bacteria reduced acetylene at the rate of 664–816 nmoles/g leaf/h. In IR-26 rice the effect of application of bacterial suspension at three phases of plant growth corresponded very well with that of urea application in three split doses under identical conditions. Recommended fertilizer rates produced the same yield as the half dose plus bacterial spray in the cultivars Pankaj and Rupsail. Fertilizer application in Pankaj and Rupsail rice reduced nitrogenase activity and the beneficial effects of phyllosphere N2-fixation was reduced by 40–55%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374727
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utility of some nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the phyllosphere of crop plants (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 465-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Aphanothece ; Beijerinckia ; Klebsiella ; Mycobacterium ; N2-fixation ; Phyllosphere ; Rice ; Streptomyces
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The utility of spraying some known N2-fixing microorganisms on rice leaves grown both in N-less sand culture and under field conditions was examined. The effect was compared with that of spraying a phyllosphere N2-fixing isolate of Klebsiella, KUPBR2, and application of nitrogenous fertilizers. All the growth parameters studied including dry weight and N-content were enhanced. Under field conditions number of tillers was increased by 26% withKlebsiella pneumoniae M5al and by 65% with Aphanothece. The dry weight of the plants was enhanced by 61–119%. The yield per 10 m2 was almost doubled with Aphanothece, Beijerinckia 8007,Mycobacterium flavum, K. pneumoniae M5al and KUPBR2. The increases observed withStreptomyces sp. G12 though less spectacular was significant at 1% level with respect to several growth parameters.K. pneumoniae M5al,M. flavum andStreptomyces sp. G12 exhibited nitrogenase activity both in laboratory culture and in association with rice plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370046
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utility of phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms in the improvement of crop growth (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Azotobacter ; chroococeum ; Derxia ; gumnosa ; Klebsiella ; Nitrogen ; fixation ; Phyllosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Five highly active N2-fixing strains of Klebsiella isolated from the phyllosphere of tropical plants, KUPBR1, KUPBR2, KUPM, KUP4 and KUP6 along withAzotobacter vinelandii OP,A. chroococcum G40 andDerxia gumnosa were sprayed on the foliage of a high yielding wheat cultivar, Kalyansona. The strains of Klebsiella enhanced dry wt., chrorophyll and nitrogen content, and 1000 grain weight. Grain yield in inoculated plants varied between 19.9 and 25.09 quintals ha−1 against 24.34 quintals with urea. Best results were obtained with KUP4 which when applied at half dose was as effective as 52.5 kg Urea-N ha−1. Azotobacter and Derxia only slightly improved growth and nitrogen content of grain or straw.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374728
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical interactions between soil N and alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 36 (1993), S. 239-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Added nitrogen interaction ; alkaline hydrolysis ; ammonia fixation ; aqua ammonia ; di-ammonium phosphate ; fertilizer-induced deamination ; urea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Chemical interactions between soil N and alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers labelled with15N were studied in the laboratory using twelveγ-irradiated soils. Fertilizer was recovered in the soil organic N fraction via the process of NH3 fixation. NH3 fixation at day 7 varied from 1.8 to 4.6% of the N added as aqua ammonia at 1000 mg kg−1 soil. The amount of NH3 fixed increased with increasing rates of application of NH3(aq) and urea. The rate of NH3 fixation decreased with time, with more than 55% of the total NH3 fixation in 28 days occurring in the first week following application of 2000 mg urea-N kg−1 soil. Soil pH and NH3 fixation varied in response to N source, and increased in the order of di-ammonium phosphate 〈urea 〈 aqua ammonia at equivalent N concentrations. The alkaline hydrolysis of indigenous organic N occurred simultaneously with NH3 fixation, resulting in the release of unlabelled ammonium (deamination) and a real added nitrogen interaction in all but two of the soils studied. The release of NH 4 + initially increased up to a pH of 7.5, was inhibited between pH 8.5 and 9.0, but increased thereafter. The balance (Nbal) between NH3 fixation and deamination was either positive or negative, depending on the pH of the fertilized soil, which was directly related to N source and concentration for a given soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00748702
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