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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Endophyte ; Chewings fescue ; strong creeping red fescue ; ergovaline ; peramine ; lolitrem B ; chinch bug ; Epichloe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Four Chewings fescue and two strong creeping red fescue selections that had been artificially inoculated and stably maintained with four different endophytes were evaluated in feeding trials with chinch bugs (Blissus leucopterus hirtus). Significant differences in survival were found between the endophyte-inoculated plants and their endophyte-free counterparts. After seven days, 54.2% of chinch bugs were alive on endophyte-free tillers versus only 7.4% of chinch bugs fed tillers from endophyte-inoculated plants. Some differences were also found among the various plant–endophyte combinations. In Petri dish preference trials, chinch bugs showed a preference for the CA endophyte (obtained from a Chewings fescue) over the RC endophyte (obtained from a strong creeping red fescue) in Chewings fescue selection C1117. Only the inoculated plants produced erogvaline, peramine, and lolitrem B; moreover, significant differences were found among the plant–endophyte combinations in the levels of these alkaloids. The Chewings selections C1117 and C1090 produced more ergovaline, and C1090 more lolitrem B, than other plants, regardless of endophyte source. In the presence of the RC endophyte, more ergovaline and lolitrem B was produced than in the presence of the CA endophyte regardless of plant genotype. Both host plant and endophyte, therefore, contributed factors that determined alkaloid production. No significant correlations between chinch bug survival and alkaloid levels were found, however, and overall, no one plant genotype or endophyte source proved to be significantly more toxic than another to chinch bugs. Nevertheless, the results clearly demonstrated that artificial inoculations of endophyte-free fescue genotypes can produce plants with increased toxicity to chinch bugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 3 (2000), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 1436-0578
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychologie ; Notfallmedizin ; Reanimation ; Notärzte ; Entscheidungskonflikte ; Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen ; Debriefing ; Key words Emergency medicine psychology ; Resuscitation psychology ; Physicians' psychology ; Decision making ; Attitude of health personnel ; Posttraumatic stress disorders ; Debriefing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Seventy-six physicians, working on a German Mobil Resuscitation Unit, were examined by use of a modified Gottschalk-Gleser technique. The aim was to describe scores for anxiety, hostility and hope and to compare those to the values of a normal population. Physicians' sumscores differed from those of a normal population: Anxiety and hostility were significantly higher. Singlescores for death-, separation- and shame-anxiety were higher, those for injury-anxiety and diffuse anxiety were lower. Guilt anxiety did not differ. Scores for hostility outward open were the same, whereas hostility outward covered and inward were higher than in the normal population. Ambivalent hostility was the same. Scores for positive hope were significantly lower, those for negative hope the same than in the normal population. In conclusion we found three possible obstacles for resuscitating physicians in dealing with anxiety, hostility and hope: Compared to the normal population physicians seem to deal less with injury-, guilt- and diffuse anxiety. Dealing with hostility reveals mechanisms of repression, projection and turning hostility towards the own person. Compared to the normal population resuscitating physicians tend not to talk more about the hopelessness related to their work.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 76 Ärzte eines Notarztwagensystems wurden mittels eines modifizierten Gottschalk-Gleser-Interviews untersucht. Dabei wurden Scores für Angst, Hoffnung und Aggression von Ärzten in ihrem Bericht über die Durchführung präklinischer Wiederbelebungen erfaßt und mit den Werten einer Normalbevölkerungsstichprobe verglichen. Ärzte wiesen signifikant höhere Werte für Angst- und Aggressionssummenscores auf als die Vergleichsstichprobe. Einzelscores für Todes-, Trennungs- und Schamangst waren signifikant höher, für Verletzungsangst und diffuse Angst niedriger als in der Normalbevölkerung. Die Schuldangst unterschied sich nicht. Die Ergebnisse für offen nach außen gerichtete Aggressivität waren gleich, die für nach außen verdeckte und nach innen gerichtete Aggressivität waren signifikant höher als in der Normalbevölkerung. Bei der ambivalenten Aggressivität zeigte sich kein Unterschied. Scores der Ärzte für positive Hoffnung waren signifikant niedriger, diejenigen für negative Hoffnung unterschieden sich nicht von der Normalbevölkerung. Im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung ergaben sich insgesamt drei Hinweise auf Hindernisse für Ärzte, mit Angst, Hoffnung und Aggressivität in Reanimationssituationen angemessen umzugehen: Ärzte scheinen sich weniger mit Verletzungs-, diffuser- sowie Schuldangst auseinanderzusetzen. Der Umgang mit Aggressionen offenbart Mechanismen der Verdrängung, Projektion und Wendung gegen das Selbst. Gegenüber der Normalbevölkerung scheinen Ärzte nicht intensiver über die mit ihrer Tätigkeit verbundene Hoffnungslosigkeit zu sprechen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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