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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of short latency cutaneous excitation in flexor and extensor motoneurons during fictive locomotion in the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous EPSPs ; Fictive locomotion ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission in short-latency, distal hindlimb cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in 19 decerebrate cats. Fictive stepping was produced either by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1-DOPA to acutely spinalized animals. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of low threshold afferents (〈 2.5 times threshold) in the superficial peroneal (SP), sural, saphenous or medial plantar nerves were recorded intracellularly from various extensor (n = 28) and flexor (n = 24) motoneurons and averaged throughout the step cycle, together with voltage responses to intrasomatic constant current pulses (in order to monitor relative cell input resistance). Each motoneuron studied displayed rhythmic background oscillations in membrane potential and correlated variations in input resistance. The average input resistance of extensor motoneurons was lowest during mid-flexion, when the cells were relatively hyperpolarized and silent. Conversely, average input resistance of flexor motoneurons was highest during mid-flexion, when they were depolarized and active. The amplitude of the minimum-latency excitatory components of PSPs produced by cutaneous nerve stimulation were measured from computer averaged records representing six subdivisions of the fictive step cycle. Oligosynaptic EPSP components were consistently modulated only in the superficial peroneal responses in flexor motoneurons, which exhibited enhanced amplitude during the flexion phase. With the other skin nerves tested (sural, saphenous, and plantar), no consistent patterns of modulation were observed during fictive locomotion. We conclude that transmission through some, but not all, oligosynaptic excitatory cutaneous pathways is enhanced by premotoneuronal mechanisms during the flexion phase of fictive stepping in several cat hindlimb motor nuclei. The present results suggest that the patterns of interaction between the locomotor central pattern generator and excitatory cutaneous reflex pathways depend on the source of afferent input and on the identity of the target motoneuron population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250567
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phasic modulation of short latency cutaneous excitation in flexor digitorum longus motoneurons during fictive locomotion (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 71 (1988), S. 568-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fictive locomotion ; Cutaneous reflex pathways ; Flexor digitorum longus muscle ; Motoneurons ; Interneurons ; Reflex modulation ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission of short-latency excitation produced by distal hindlimb cutaneous input, as well as fluctuations in motoneuron membrane potential and input resistance, in flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons during fictive locomotion. Fictive stepping was induced in unaesthetized, decerebrate cats either by repetitive stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1 DOPA after low spinal section. In the MLR preparations, brief depolarizing waves occurred in FDL cells during the early flexion phase of fictive stepping, immediately after cessation of activity in extensor muscles. In some FDL cells, plateau-like depolarizations also occurred during the extensor phase. Fictive stepping induced in acutely spinalized cats by administration of l-DOPA was slower and more variable; peak polarization in FDL motoneurons always occurred during the early flexion phase but there was usually no distinct depolarization during extension. In both types of preparation, the initial EPSP components in synaptic potentials (SP-EPSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of the cutaneous division of the superficial peroneal nerve (SP) were maximally facilitated during early flexion, coincident with the peak of background depolarization. This enhancement was manifested by an increase in the amplitude of initial SP-EPSP components or by decreased central latency of the initial EPSP components, or both. In most FDL motoneurons, input resistance decreased systematically during late flexion, coincident with relative membrane hyperpolarization. Correction of SP-EPSP amplitudes for changes in input resistance suggested that SP-EPSP facilitation persisted throughout the flexion phase These findings are discussed with reference to modulation of cutaneous reflexes during locomotion and the possibility that excitatory last-order interneurons in particular cutaneous reflex pathways may distribute excitatory drive from the central pattern generator for locomotion to FDL α-motoneurons
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248749
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Oberflächenspannung geschmolzener Metalle und Legierungen. IV. Die zeitliche Veränderung der Oberflächenspannung und die Methode der Tropfenausmessung bei höherer Temperatur (1933)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 213 (1933), S. 310-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Oberflächenspannung des Quecksilbers im höchsten Vakuum liegt zwischen dem Anfangswert und dem Endwert der Oberflächenspannung in Luft. Bei Zinn konnte eine Veränderung der Oberflächenspannung mit der Zeit im Vakuum von 5·10-5 mm Hg nicht festgestellt werden. Thallium wies eine Zunahme der Oberflächenspannung mit der Zeit im Vakuum von 10-5 bis 10-4 mm Hg auf. Aus diesen Feststellungen wurde geschlossen, daß dort, wo beim Quecksilber Veränderungen der Oberflächenspannung mit der Zeit vorliegen, die sich einstellenden Oberflächenspannungen sich als Resultierende zwischen den Einflüssen der Anordnung der Metallatome der Oberfläche und der ein- und angelagerten Gasatome ergeben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19332130311
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Oberflächenspannung geschmolzener Metalle und Legierungen. V. Die Oberflächenspannung von Fe—C-Legierungen, Hg5Tl2NaHg2, ihre zeitliche Veränderung bei Thallium und die Oberflächenspannung von Schlacken (1935)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 223 (1935), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19352230108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and Application of the Vapor Phase Decomposition Technique for Trace Metal Analysis on Silicon Oxide Surfaces (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Vapor phase decomposition-droplet surface etching-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (VPD-DSE-GFAAS) is discussed as a technique for the determination of low levels of metals in chemical oxides on silicon surfaces. The VPD-DSE-GFAAS technique was found to be statistically equivalent to results obtained by the standard surface techniques of total reflectance x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF) and SIMS. The capability of the VPD-DSE-GFAAS technique has been extended to detection limits in the 107 to low 109 atom cm-2 range. A positive linear relationship was found for iron, calcium, zinc and aluminum deposited on a silicon wafer from an ammonium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide-water (SC1) solution. Sodium and potassium deposition from SC1 solutions was found to be independent of solution concentrations. Deposition for these metals appeared to be primarily related to localized micron-sized nuclei deposits and not to adsorption on an atomic scale.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die charakterisierung der porosität von polyacrylnitril-faserstoffen im gelzustand (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 43 (1992), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurement methods that are applicable for the characterization of porous structures, i.e. differential scanning calorimetry, low-temperature gas adsorption, mercury high pressure porosimetry, electron and light microscopy, X-ray small angle scattering, water retention value, and apparent density, are described with respect of the peculiarities of poly(acrylonitrile) fibres. The methods have been applied on differently stretched and thermally treated PAN fibres in the gel state and after dehydration, respectively. The observed effects are explained by the different stabilities of the gel fibre structure.
    Notes: Die zur Charakterisierung von Porenstrukturen anwendbaren Meßmethoden Differential-Scanning-Calorimetrie, Tieftemperatur-Gasadsorption, Quecksilber-Hochdruckporosimetrie, Elektronen- und Lichtmikroskopie, Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung sowie Wasserrückhaltevermögen und scheinbare Dichte werden unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten von Polyacrylnitrilfasern vorgestellt. Die genannten Methoden wurden auf unterschiedlich gereckte und thermisch behandelte PAN-Fasern im Gelzustand und nach Entwässerung angewendet. Die dabei auftretenden Effekte werden mit der unterschiedlichen Stabilität der Gelfaserstruktur erklärt.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1992.010430305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    144. Simulation und Optimierung von Kompostierungsanlagen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 1158-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3306809146
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    194. Das Nara-Hybridization-System (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1205-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3307009196
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Umsetzung von Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)phosphinen mit Organozinn-Verbindungen Molekülstruktur eines zinnhaltigen Sechzehnringes (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 556 (1988), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)phosphines with Organotin Compounds. Molecular Structure of a Tin Containing Sixteen-membered RingThe reaction of bis(2-mercaptoethyl)phosphine with di-t-butyltin dimethoxide yields mixture of oligomers of the type [t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2Pr]n (R = Me, Ph) from which the trans-configurated dimers (n = 2) have been isolated. By the reaction with sulphur and selenium, respectively, these dimers were transformed to the corresponding thioxo and selenoxo derivatives.The sixteen-membered ring trans-[t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2P(S)Ph]2 crystallizes in the space group P21/n with the unit cell dimensions a 1350.9, b 1310.2, c 1500.3 pm, β 96.36° and does not exhibit any intramolecular Sn—P interaction: The 1,5-diorgano-1-chloro-5-elementa-1-stanna(IV)-bicyclo-[3.3.01,5]octanes R(Cl)Sn(SCH2CH2)2E (6, R = Ph, E = PPh; 7, R = Ph, E = NMe) have been prepared from the corresponding sodium dithiolates and phenyltrichlorostannane. The transannulare Sn—P and Sn—N interactions in 6 and 7 are confirmed by 31P and 119Sn NMR investigations.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)phosphinen mit Di-t-butylzinndimethoxid liefert Mischungen von Oligomeren des Typs [t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2PR]n (R = Me, Ph), von denen die trans-konfigurierten Dimere (n = 2) isoliert wurden. Durch Reaktion mit Schwefel bzw. Selen wurden diese in die entsprechenden Thio- bzw. Selenoderivate überführt. Der Sechzehnring trans-[t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2P(S)Ph]2 4 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit den Gitterkonstanten a 1350,9, b 1310,2, c 1500,3 pm und β 96,36°, er enthält keine intramolekularen Sn—P.-Wechselwirkungen. Die 1,5-Diorgano-1-chloro-5-element-1-stanna(IV)-bicyclo[3.3.01,5]-octaneR(Cl)Sn(SCH2CH2)2E (6, R = Ph, E = PPh; 7, R = Ph, E = NMe) wurden aus den entsprechenden Natriumdithiolaten und Phenyltrichlorstannan erhalten. Die transannularen Sn—P- und Sn—N- Wechselwirkungen in 6 und 7 werden durch 31P- und 119Sn-NMR-Untersuchungen bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885560117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mg2IrB2-x, ein Magnesium-Iridiumborid mit W2CoB2 -verwandter Struktur (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 543 (1986), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mg2IrB2-x, a Magnesium Iridium Boride with a Structure Related to the W2CoB2-TypeThe new compound Mg2IrB2-x with a small homogeneity range determined approximately as 0,2 ≤ x ≤ 0,35 crystallizes monoclinically in the space group C2/m, Z=4 (lattice constants see Inhaltsübersicht). The structure which was solved by single crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction methods is related to the W2CoB2-type and contains distorted Mg4Ir2-prisms. The boron atoms are partly disordered. They are situated either inside the prisms forming pairs or with very short Ir-B distances (199 pm) on an elongated prism edge formed by two iridium atoms.
    Notes: Die neue Verbindung Mg2IrB2-x mit einem schmalen Homogenitätsbereich, der näherungsweise zu 0,2 ≤ x ≤ 0,35 bestimmt wurde, kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/m, Z = 4. Bei x = 0,35 betragen die Gitterkonstanten a = 858,0(1) pm, b = 484,6(1) pm, c = 683,6(1) pm, β = 115°43′(1). Die Struktur, die mit Röntgen-Einkristall- und Pulver-Neutronenbeugungsmethoden bestimmt wurde, leitet sich vom W2CoB2-Typ ab und enthält verzerrte Mg4Ir2-Prismen. Die Boratome sind zum Teil fehlgeordnet. Sie befinden sich entweder innerhalb der Prismen und bilden Paare, oder sie liegen auf einer aufgeweiteten, aus zwei Iridiumatomen bestehenden Prismenkante, wobei sehr kurze Ir-B-Abstände ausgebildet werden (199pm).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865431211
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