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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Hypoxia  (1)
  • Key words: Beta-endorphin – Cerebrospinal fluid – Nucleus tractus solitarius – Sudden infant death  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inverse relationship between beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid and nucleus tractus solitarius in sudden infant death (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Beta-endorphin – Cerebrospinal fluid – Nucleus tractus solitarius – Sudden infant death
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) beta-endorphin (BEND) induces bradycardia and respiratory depression which have been reported to precede death in sudden infant death (SID). Of SID victims, 50% have elevated levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (BENDI) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and 50% had undetectable levels. We therefore investigated the relationship of BENDI in the CSF to BENDI levels in the NTS area. This study included SID victims (CSF from n=47, brain stem from n=16), borderline SID victims (CSF and brain stem from n=2), sudden death in childhood (CSF and brain stem from n=1), and controls (CSF from n=32, brain stem from n=11). BEND in CSF and NTS area, after extraction, was measured by radioimmunoassay. High performance liquid chromatography was used for closer identification of BENDI. We found that the SID victims divided into two subpopulations, one having a relatively high BENDI level in CSF and one having no detectable level (P〈0.01). Furthermore, an inverse relationship was found between BENDI level in CSF and BENDI level in NTS area in the SID victims (P〈0.05). We conclude that increased BENDI level in CSF is associated with low BENDI level in the NTS area in 50% of SID victims. The low BENDI level in the NTS area may be due to increased release of BEND.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956426
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Elevated beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid in victims of sudden infant death correlates with hypoxanthine in vitreous humour (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 935-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Beta-endorphin ; Hypoxanthine ; Hypoxia ; SID
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Beta-endorphin (BEND) may induce respiratory depression. Elevated levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (BENDI) in the CSF are found in children with apnoea and in about 50% of sudden infant death (SID) victims. Premortal hypoxia in SID victims has been indicated by elevated hypoxanthine (HX) levels in the vitreous humour (VH). In this study we correlated BENDI in CSF with HX in VH in SID victims (n=19) and controls (n=18). BEND in CSF was measured by RIA, and HPLC was used for identification of BENDI. HX in VH was measured by HPLC. All the SID victims had elevated levels of HX in VH. The BENDI in CSF divided the SID victims into two subpopulations (P〈0.01); one with undetectable levels (〈4.3 fmol/ml) (n=10) and one with high levels (160–400 fmol/ml) (n=9).In the SID subpopulation with high levels of BENDI in CSF,we found a correlation between BENDI in CSF and HX in VH (r=0.92). Control infants who died a stressful death, such as during heart operations (n=2), had high levels of BENDI in CSF and low levels of HX in VH. Controls who died of infections (n=11) had low levels of BENDI in CSF and elevated levels of HX in VH. Because hypoxia in itself does not increase BENDI in CSF, increased BENDI in CSF is probably not secondary to hypoxia but may be of aetiological significance. We therefore suggest that SID victims with high levels of BENDI in CSF, which correlate with the elevated levels of HX in VH, may die from premortal hypoxia possibly induced by BEND.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957536
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative study of TiNx films deposited by reactive ion beam sputtering at 77 and 300 K (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 510-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Comparative studies were performed on the chemical composition, the microstructure, residual stress, hardness and Young's modulus of titanium nitride films, which were prepared by reactive ion beam sputtering at substrate temperatures of 77 and 300 K. The main experimental parameter of sample preparation was the N2/Ar gas flow ratio r, which determines not only the chemical composition of the film, [N]/[Ti], but also its mechanical and electrical properties. The chemical composition was investigated by AES, XPS and RBS. Microstructural data were obtained by grazing incidence x-ray diffractometry. The measurements indicate a mixed phase of Ti, Ti2N and TiN at lower r ratios and of cubic TiN at r 〉 0.05. From the integrated breadth of the diffraction lines, grain size D and strain ε were determined: 150-250 Å for D and 0.5-1.5% for ε The residual stress was measured by determining the bending of the substrate. Extraordinarily high compressive stress with pronounced maxima around stoichiometric composition was observed. The microhardness Hv and Young's modulus E were derived from the indentation loading-unloading curve, as measured with a nanoindenter. Values up to 25 GPa for Hv and up to 10 GPa for E were obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401601106
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solvent-induced phase separation in ternary solutions of poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and toluene (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 43 (1992), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die Entwicklung der Morphologie in ternären polymeren Lösungen von Poly(methylmethacrylat), Poly(styren-co-acrylnitril) mit unterschiedlichem Acrylnitrilgehalt und Toluen wurde mittels optischer Mikroskopie und Lichtstreuung untersucht. Bei unterschiedlichen isothermen Entmischungsbedingungen weisen die Lösungen reguläre oder irreguläre Phasenseparationstrukturen auf. Die Einflüsse des Acrylnitrilgehaltes der Copolymere, des Mischungsverhältnisses und der Temperungsbedingungen auf die entstehenden morphologischen Strukturen werden dargestellt. Ein Kriterium für die Erhaltung der beim Entmischungsprozeß entstandenen periodischen Zweiphasenstruktur wird angegeben.
    Notizen: Morphology evolution in ternary polymer solutions consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) having different AN-contents and toluene was studied by optical microscopy and light scattering. The solutions subjected to different isothermal demixing conditions displayed regularly or irregularly phase separated structures. Effects of the AN-content of the SAN, the blending ratio and the annealing conditions on the arising morphologies are presented. A criterion for conservation of the periodic bicontinuous structure developed in the unmixing process can be established.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1992.010430104
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