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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of the chick ileal muscle layers as revealed by α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words α-Smooth muscle actin ; Chronological changes ; Smooth musculature ; Chick ; Ileum ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The genesis of intestinal smooth muscle layers was immunohistochemically investigated by use of an antibody to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the developing chick ileum. Myoblast cells positive for α-SMA were already found in the presumptive circular muscle layer on E 8.5. On E 11.5 radially oriented muscle fibers were protruded from the outermost layer of the developing circular musculature and then formed a tuft-like aggregates. These radial muscle bundles were bent into an L-shape. The long distal extension of muscle bundles run parallel to the long axis of the ileal loop and developed into the longitudinal muscle layer. The obliquely oriented muscle fibers, locating at the intermuscular space of the muscularis propria, probably are to be considered a remnant of the short extension of radial muscle bundles. The muscularis mucosae was formed by the processes equivalent to the genesis of longitudinal muscle layer. On E 14.5 centripetally oriented muscle fibers emerged from the innermost layer of circular musculature. The long distal extension of centripetal fibers lay along the inner surface of developing circular musculature. On E 19.5 the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis mucosae was newly formed by separating from the circular musculature. The villous myoblast cells initially developed from the innermost layer of the muscularis mucosae on E 18.5, and were widely distributed in the lamina propria mucosae on E 20.5. Temporal and chronological pattern in expression of α-SMA was observed during the development of the chick intestinal smooth muscle. By E 14.5 the entire layer of the muscularis propria was intensely immunostained for α-SMA, but from E 15.5 onward the staining intensity gradually began to decrease from the outer half of the circular musculature. Finally, the immunoreactivity was localized in the inner layer of circular muscle and the longitudinal muscle layer. A possible functional role of this inner layer of circular muscle is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008232
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of somatostatin-containing nerves in the aganglionic colon of human and rat (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 372-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aganglionosis ; Man ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SOM-LI) nerves was elucidated immunohistochemically in the gut tissues from patients with Hirschsprung's disease and congenital aganglionosis rats. In the normoganglionic human colon, SOM-LI nerve cell bodies were found to a greater extent in the submucous plexus and to a lesser extent in the myenteric plexus. However, they were rarely observed in both the plexuses of the oligoganglionic segment. SOM-LI nerve fibres were widely distributed in the aganglionic bowel. The circular muscle layer of the distal aganglionic segment was densely innervated by SOM-LI nerve fibres which are probably derived from the extrinsic, hypertrophic nerve bundles. A decreased number of the intramuscular nerves fibres were seen in the proximal aganglionic segment. In the colon and rectum from adult and 21-day-old rats, SOM-LI cell bodies were numerous in both plexuses. On the other hand, enteric neurons were completely lacking from the colon and rectum of congenital aganglionosis rats of 21 days old. No neuronal elements staining for SOM were disclosed in these aganglionic segments of mutant rats. A possible origin and pathophysiological role of the extrinsic nerve fibres containing SOM in the diseased bowel are discussed. It is concluded that SOM-LI nerves in the human distal colon comprise both intrinsic and extrinsic elements, while SOM nerves in the rat colon and rectum are of only intrinsic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688173
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the normoganglionic and aganglionic segments of human colon (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hirschsprung's disease ; Aganglionosis ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localisation and distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity were studied by use of immunohistochemical methods in gut tissues from 19 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, including 4 cases of long segment aganglionosis. In the normoganglionic segment, immunoreactive cell bodies and nonvaricose processes were seen within both myenteric and submucous plexuses. A scarce supply of varicose fibres was found in the lamina propria mucosae, muscularis mucosae and longitudinal muscle layer. NPY fibres were more frequently encountered in the circular muscle layer, although with a weakly immunostaining intensity. In addition, blood vessels in the submucosal connective tissue were surrounded by a typical plexus of varicose, NPY-positive fibres. Immunoreactive endocrine cells could be detected in the colonic epithelium. In the aganglionic segment, numerous nerve fasciculi comprising a small to moderate number of NPY fibres with varicosities were observed throughout the entire layer of the colonic wall. A few varicose, NPY-positive fibres were also contained in the relatively large, hypertrophic nerve fasciculi located in the intermuscular zone and submucosal connective tissue. NPY-immunoreactive fasciculi were more densely distributed in the distal aganglionic segment than in the proximal aganglionic one. On the other hand, the distribution of NPY-positive fibres in long segment aganglionosis was quite different from that in short segment type; in cases of long segment type, no immunoreactive nerve fibres were detected within the circular muscle layer of the proximal aganglionic segment near the oligoganglionic segment and only a few fibres were observed within the hypertrophic nerve bundle of the intermuscular zone. The present results suggest that NPY-like immunoreactive nerves in the human colon have a dual origin of intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The origin and nature of extrinsic NPY nerve fibres in the human colon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294605
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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