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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Diastolic function – type I diabetics – echocardiography – diabetic cardiomyopathy – myocardial ischemia ; Schlüsselwörter Diastolische Funktion – Typ-I-Diabetes mellitus – Echokardiographie – diabetische Herzmuskelerkrankung – Myokardischämie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Da die Prognose der Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus durch die kardialen Manifestationen bestimmt wird, kommt einer frühzeitigen Erkennung eines beginnenden kardialen Endorganschadens eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob junge asymptomatische Typ-I-Diabetiker bereits eine diastolische linksventrikuläre Funktionsstörung bei noch normaler systolischer linksventrikulärer Funktion und ein erhöhtes Arrythmierisiko aufweisen. Methodik: 92 kardial unauffällige Typ-I-Diabetiker (Alter: 25 ± 4 Jahre; Diabetesdauer 8 ± 1,1 Jahre) und 50 altersentsprechende Kontrollpersonen wurden einer echokardiographischen Untersuchung unterzogen. Patienten mit einer kardialen Grunderkrankung und/oder Manifestation eines diabetischen Spätsyndroms wurden ausgeschlossen. Mittels M-mode-Echokardiographie erfolgte die Bestimmung morphologischer Parameter und systolischer Zeitintervalle (Quotient aus Anspannungs- und Austreibungszeit; fraktionale Verkürzungsfraktion). Folgende Doppler-Indizes wurden erhoben: maximale früh- und spätdiastolische Flußgeschwindigkeit (VE; VA), E/A-Quotient, Akzelerations- und Dezelerationszeit (DT) sowie die isovolumetrische Relaxationszeit (IVRT). Resultate: Während die linksatrialen und -ventrikulären Dimensionen sowie die systolischen Funktionsparameter im Normbereich lagen, zeigte sich eine diastolische Dysfunktion mit Abnahme der frühdiastolischen Füllung (VE; 0,54 ± 0,07 m/s vs. 0,72 ± 0,04 m/s, p 〈 0,01) und dem E/A-Quotienten (0,9 ± 0,15 vs. 1,99 ± 0,22), einer Zunahme der atrialen Füllung (VA; 0,76 ± 0,05 m/s vs. 0,39 ± 0,04 m/s, p 〈 0,01) sowie einer Verlängerung der IVRT (129 ± 23 ms vs. 78 ± 6 ms, p 〈 0,01) und einer erhöhten DT (248 ± 27 ms vs. 188 ± 8 ms, p 〈 0,01) bei allen Diabetikern. Zusammenfassung: Bereits bei jungen Typ-I-Diabetikern mit normaler linksventrikulärer systolischer Funktion besteht eine diastolische Dysfunktion als Frühzeichen einer diabetischen Kardiomyopathie. Regelmäßige Echokardiographien mit Bestimmung der systolischen und diastolischen Funktionsparameter im Verlauf erscheinen sinnvoll.
    Notes: Summary Introduction: The early determination of the myocardial manifestation is of considerable importance, since the prognosis of patients (P) with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is generally masked by secondary cardiac complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether young, asymptomatic P with IDDM and persisting normal systolic left ventricular (LV) function already show a diastolic LV dysfunction. Methods: An echocardiographical examination of 92 IDDM patients (age: 25 ± 4 years) without known cardiac disease and of 50 control persons (C) of similar ages was carried out. P with a cardiac disease or long-term diabetic syndrome were excluded. Using M-mode echocardiography, morphological parameters and systolic time-intervals (fractional shortening; ejection fraction) were determined. Doppler indices were then measured: maximal early and late diastolic flow velocity (VE; VA), E/A ratio, acceleration and deceleration time (DT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). Results: Although the left atrial and left ventricular dimensions, as well as the systolic functional parameters of all P with IDDM were normal, they showed a diastolic dysfunction with a reduction of the early diastolic filling (VE; 0.54 ± 0.07 m/s vs 0.72 ± 0.04 m/s; p 〈 0.01) and the E/A ratio (0.9 ± 0.15 vs 1.99 ± 0.22; p 〈 0.01), an increase in the atrial filling (VA; 0.76 ± 0.05 m/s vs 0.39 ± 0.04 m/s, p 〈 0.01), an extension of the IVRT (129 ± 23 ms vs 78 ± 6 ms, p 〈 0.01), and an increased DT (248 ± 27 ms vs 188 ± 8 ms, p 〈 0.01). Conclusion: Even young P with IDDM, with a normal systolic ventricular function, suffer a diastolic dysfunction which serves as a marker of a diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, echocardiography with measurements of systolic and diastolic functional parameters appears to be a sensible method for evaluating the course of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 142 (1978), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; NADH oxidation ; Rotenone-resistant respiration ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondria from Vicia faba L. exhibit two pathways for the oxidation of endogenous NADH. One pathway is rotenone-sensitive and includes three phosphorylation sites, the other one is rotenone-insensitive and by-passes site I. This by-pass is located in the area of flavoproteins, but several lines of evidence suggest that the rotenone-insensitive oxidation of matrix-NADH is not mediated by the external NADH dehydrogenase. With saturating substrate concentrations the two pathways are superimposed in state 3 while in state 4 the electrons are transferred only via the by-pass. The rotenone-resistant electron flux is obviously regulated from the substrate side. We suggest that the function of the by-pass is to regulate the NADH/NAD+ ratio of the matrix space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1979), S. 359-365 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; NADH oxidation ; Respiration (rotenone-resistant) ; Temperature activation ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Respiration rates of broad-bean (Vicia faba) mitochondria were studied as a function of temperature. Arrhenius plots of all membrane-bound enzymes, as obtained with saturating substrate concentrations, revealed a break in the lower temperature range. That break was considered to indicate a phase transition of membrane phospholipids, characteristic for chilling-sensitive plants. A second discontinuity at 30°C occurred only with activities linked to energy conservation. — 2. The activation energies for the oxidation of NAD+-linked substrates differ between states 3 and 4. State 3 respiration of NAD+-linked substrates is the result a superimposition of two branches of electron transport, which can be separated by different sensibilities to rotenone. A characteristic temperature dependency of the respiratory control, as well as a shift of the low temperature break in the Arrhenius plot toward a higher temperature after state 4 to state 3 transition, are calculated to be caused by the superimposition of the two branches. — 3. The temperature dependency of the oxidation of extra-mitochondrial NADH and of succinate differs remarkably from that of the oxidation of matrix-NADH. It has been concluded that the rotenone-resistant oxidation of matrix-NADH and the oxidation of external NADH are mediated via different pathways with individual regulation sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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