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  • Airway wall properties  (1)
  • Linear-lumped-parameter modeling  (1)
  • MHC class II  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immunomodulatory effects of urine from patients with superficial bladder cancer receiving intravesical evans BCG therapy (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 36 (1993), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; ICAM-1 ; MHC class II ; BCG therapy ; Interferon γ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bladder cancer cells were stimulated with urine obtained from patients with superficial bladder cancer who had received treatment using intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The urine from the first 12 h following each of six BCG instillations was collected and examined for its biological effect. We evaluated effects that had previously been attributed to cytokines detected in the urine of such patients. The modulation of MHC class II antigen and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were studied. Using neutralizing polyclonal antibodies to interferon γ and tumour factor α the relative contribution of these molecules to the effects investigated were determined. When cells were stimulated for up to 48 h with first-instillation urine, little effect was seen in any of the parameters investigated. Urine from the sixth instillation, however, proved to be a potent immunomodulatory agent, inducing MHC class II molecule and ICAM-1 expression. Urine from instillations two to five mediated increasing immunomodulatory effects. When sixth-instillation urine samples were treated with neutralizing antibodies to interferon γ prior to their addition to the bladder cancer cells, a marked and significant decrease in their potency was observed. Only in urine from one patient did any immunomodulatory capability remain after antibody treatment. Neutralizing antibodies to tumour necrosis factor α, however, failed to reduce the ability of any patient's urine to induce ICAM-1 expression. When both antibodies were used simultaneously no further decrease in potency was observed. These studies demonstrate for the first time the potential immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of urine produced by patients receiving intravesical BCG. Furthermore, in all samples tested, the major immunomodulatory component was shown to be interferon γ. Although tumour necrosis factor α is produced as a result of BCG therapy, this cytokine did not appear to contribute to the parameters investigated. namely the induction of HLA class II antigens, and cell-surface ICAM-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01789127
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear-lumped-parameter modeling of pulmonary impedance in monkeys (1986)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 14 (1986), S. 401-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Linear-lumped-parameter modeling ; Parameter optimization ; Frequency dependence ; Airway wall compliance ; Lung mechanics ; Comparative respiratory mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pulmonary impedance, ZL, measured from 2 to 32 Hz in anesthetized, intubated and paralyzed bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) was fitted to a variety of linearlumped parameter mechanical networks. Parameter values for each network were obtained by minimizing the average of the percent distance, Dr, between the computed network impedance and measured ZL at all frequencies. Measured resistance, RL, decreased from 2 to 8 Hz and increased from 8 to 32 Hz indicating that a single series resistance-inertance-compliance (RIC) network was not optimal (Dr∼19%). Networks consisting of two series RIC pathways in parallel resulted in a lower Dr (∼14%), but parameter values were difficult to interpret. Despite not modeling the decrease in RL with frequency below 8 Hz, an airway wall compliance, C aw , network in which the airways were separated into central and peripheral components resulted in an even lower Dr (∼11%). In addition, parameter values were easy to interpret, consistent among our “normal” monkeys and changed consistently and explainably with change in lung mechanics induced by decrease in lung volume. We conclude that (1) networks containing both parallel pathways and C aw are necessary to model ZL over the entire frequency range (2–32 Hz), (2) the effect of C aw is an important determinant of ZL above 8 Hz, and (3) a six-parameter C aw network with the ratio of C aw to parenchymal compliance, Cp, fixed may prove useful in interpreting changes in ZL induced by alterations in lung mechanics in monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367361
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial distribution of airway diameters from input impedance and computed tomography (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 740-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Airway impedance ; Airway resistance ; Airway acoustics ; Airway wall properties ; Airway geometry ; Branching asymmetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Indirect measures of airway diameter such as respiratory system input impedance (Z in) have been widely used to infer or quantify bronchoconstriction, or bronchodilation. One such measure, Z in above 100 Hz has been shown to be primarily influenced by airway geometry and airway walls but not by lung and chest wall tissues. We used a recently developed method based on a complex asymmetrically branched network of tubes with nonrigid walls to analyze Z in from 100 to 2,000 Hz in control and bronchoconstricted (histamine injection) dogs. The resulting estimates of airway diameters indicated that peripheral airways were constricted far more (≈30% of their control diameters) than central airways (i.e., 0% in the trachea). Separate measurements of changes in airway diameters were made in an excised dog lung using high resolution computed tomography. The observed changes in airway diameter between lung volumes of total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual capacity (FRC) were quantitatively consistent with those obtained from Z indata in our control dogs at FRC. We conclude that this systems identification method can be used to estimate the distribution of airway diameters from Z in.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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