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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 544-548 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Monocytes ; phagocytosis ; tuberculosis ; antituberculous therapy ; Monocyten ; Phagocytose ; Tuberkulose ; Tuberkulostatika
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird von vergleichenden Monocyten-Funktionstest bei 15 Tuberkulosekranken und 15 gesunden Normalpersonen berichtet. Die Ausbreitungs- und Haftfähigkeit der Tbc-Monocyten ist gegenüber der Norm significant gesteigert, die Phagocytose von IgG-beladenen Erythrocyten signifikant vermindert. Diese Funktionseinschränkung beruht mit Wahrscheinlichkeit auf einer Blockade des IgG-Rezeptors oder einer Verminderung seiner Dichte auf der Zellmembran. 14 der untersuchten Fälle erhielten im Rahmen einer kombinierten tuberkulostatischen Therapie Rifampicin. Eine immunsuppressive Wirkung von Rifampicin ist auch in therapeutisch üblichen Dosen belegt. Es wird diskutiert, ob die verminderte Phagocytose-Aktivität durch Rifampicin bedingt ist. Die Beeinflussung des IgG-Rezeptors des Makrophagen bietet gleichzeitig eine Erklärungsmöglichkeit für die Unterdrückung der Delayed-Hypersensitivity-Reaktionen durch Rifampicin.
    Notes: Summary Tests of several monocyte functions were performed in fifteen patients with tuberculosis under treatment and fifteen healthy normal persons in parallel. The spreading activity and the attachment rate of the tbc-monocytes on the bottom of a plastic petri dish was significantly enhanced, the phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells significantly impaired. The reduction of this monocyte function probably depends upon a blockade or modification of the monocyte IgG-receptor. Fourteen patients received antituberculous therapy including rifampicin. The immunosuppressive effect of rifampicin is well established; thus the impairment of phagocytosis could be induced by rifampicin. The modification of the IgG-receptor in addition could be an explanation for the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions by rifampicin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Monocyten ; Phagocytose ; NBT-Test ; M. Hodgkin ; Lymphorsarkom ; Monocytes ; phagocytosis ; NBT test ; M. Hodgkin ; lymphosarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The monocytes of 7 patients with advanced Hodgkin disease (stages III and IV) and of two patients with generalized lymphosarcoma exhibited a highly significant impairment of the phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells, regardless of receiving therapy or not. In contrast three patients with M. Hodgkin, stage II B, and one with lymphorsarcoma in complete remission showed a rather elevated monocyte phagocytic activity. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by monocytes in the mean was significantly enhanced in all patients investigated, compared with normal persons, although only in one patient a bacterial infection was apparent at the time of the test. The possible implication of the findings in the well known immunodeficiency present in M. Hodgkin and lymphosarcoma is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Monocyten von 7 Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem M. Hodgkin (Stadium III und IV) und von 2 Patienten mit generalisiertem Lymphosarcom zeigten eine hoch signifikant verminderte Phagocytose von IgG-beladenen Erythrocyten, unabhängig davon, ob eine Therapie bereits durchgeführt war oder nicht. Demgegenüber war die Phagocytose-Aktivität bei 3 Patienten mit M. Hodgkin, Stadium II und einem mit Lymphosarkom in Vollremission eher gegenüber der Norm gesteigert. Die Reduktion von Nitroblau-Tetrazolium durch Monocyten war bei allen untersuchten Patienten im Vergleich zu Normalpersonen im Mittel signifikant gesteigert, obwohl nur ein Patient zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung einen gesicherten bakteriellen Infekt aufwies. Die mögliche Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die bei diesen Erkrankungen bestehenden Immundefekte wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 327 (1971), S. 203-224 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Pressoreceptors ; Cardiac Output ; Blood Pressure ; Autoregulation ; Sympatholytics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Flow velocity in the ascending aorta and aortic blood pressure were recorded continuously in healthy conscious dogs. Using implanted pneumatic cuffs the effect of bilateral carotid occlusion on heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, peak velocity, maximum acceleration, blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance (T.P.R.) was studied in the resting animal. Following carotid occlusion heart rate rose within 3–4 sec by 13 beats/min; during the steady state it exceeded the control by 8 beats/min. Cardiac output closely followed heart rate, since stroke volume decreased slightly (3–4%), mainly because of the elevated aortic pressure. During the first 3–4 sec cardiac output increased by 10–15% reaching a steady state level 8% above control. The initial fast increase of cardiac output caused mean aortic pressure to rise rapidly, while T.P.R. transiently decreased. Subsequently T.P.R. rose, causing a secondary slow increase of pressure. During the steady state blood pressure was elevated by 27 mm Hg (26%), T.P.R. by 12.1 mm Hg×l−1×min (20%). Maximum acceleration did not change with heart rate and was hardly affected (−1.5%) by the pressure rise. Peak velocity was little influenced by heart rate; it decreased by 7% mainly because of the elevated aortic pressure. β-blockade (0.5 mg/kg propranolol) affected T.P.R. only during control (+18%), but did not modify the time course of the reflex and its steady state changes. α-blockade (5.0 mg/kg phenoxybenzamine) decreased aortic mean pressure (5 mm Hg) and T.P.R. (7%) during control. Following carotid occlusion T.P.R. rose by the same amount, but much more slowly. Starting from the lower control the same pressure level was now obtained by a higher reflex increase of heart rate and cardiac output. It is concluded that the initial pressor response is initiated by an increase of cardiac output mediated by vagal inhibition. The secondary rise of blood pressure is predominantly caused by an increase of T.P.R. due to autoregulation in some vascular beds. The higher stroke work during the reflex is not accomplished by an increased contractility due to sympathetic activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 337 (1972), S. 59-70 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Pressoreceptors ; Parasympatholytics ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Cardiac Output ; Vascular Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In healty, conscious dogs the heart rate was kept constant at 144 to 146 beats per minute either by vagal blockade with Atropine (0,5 mg/kg i.v.) or by electrical pacing of the heart. In the resting dog a carotid-sinus-reflex was elicited clamping both common carotid arteries with implanted pneumatic cuffs. Velocity in the ascending aorta (electromagnetic flowmeter), pressure in the descending thoracic aorta (implanted miniature pressure transducer) and pressure in the right carotid sinus using a catheter were measured. By analogue processing acceleration in the ascending aorta, stroke volume and stroke work of the left ventricle, and mean values were derived. Compared to the reflex under normal resting heart rates (64 beats per minute) the results show, that with a constant heart rate (144–146 beats per minute) blood pressure rises by about the same amount induced by a larger increase of the peripheral resistance. Because the fast increase of cardiac output regularly observed under normal conditions was eliminated, the time course of pressure elevation was slower when heart rate was kept constant. The elevated stroke work of the left ventricle during carotid occlusion cannot be explained by an increase of contractility due to enhanced sympathetic activity, because no such increase in contractility was found. It is suggested, that a low control heart rate allows fast reflex adjustment of blood pressure mediated by increases of cardiac output due to vagal inhibition. In contrast, when heart rate is high due to vagal blockade or electrical pacing, the reflex response is determined by slow changes of the total peripheral resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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