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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 544-548 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Monocytes ; phagocytosis ; tuberculosis ; antituberculous therapy ; Monocyten ; Phagocytose ; Tuberkulose ; Tuberkulostatika
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird von vergleichenden Monocyten-Funktionstest bei 15 Tuberkulosekranken und 15 gesunden Normalpersonen berichtet. Die Ausbreitungs- und Haftfähigkeit der Tbc-Monocyten ist gegenüber der Norm significant gesteigert, die Phagocytose von IgG-beladenen Erythrocyten signifikant vermindert. Diese Funktionseinschränkung beruht mit Wahrscheinlichkeit auf einer Blockade des IgG-Rezeptors oder einer Verminderung seiner Dichte auf der Zellmembran. 14 der untersuchten Fälle erhielten im Rahmen einer kombinierten tuberkulostatischen Therapie Rifampicin. Eine immunsuppressive Wirkung von Rifampicin ist auch in therapeutisch üblichen Dosen belegt. Es wird diskutiert, ob die verminderte Phagocytose-Aktivität durch Rifampicin bedingt ist. Die Beeinflussung des IgG-Rezeptors des Makrophagen bietet gleichzeitig eine Erklärungsmöglichkeit für die Unterdrückung der Delayed-Hypersensitivity-Reaktionen durch Rifampicin.
    Notes: Summary Tests of several monocyte functions were performed in fifteen patients with tuberculosis under treatment and fifteen healthy normal persons in parallel. The spreading activity and the attachment rate of the tbc-monocytes on the bottom of a plastic petri dish was significantly enhanced, the phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells significantly impaired. The reduction of this monocyte function probably depends upon a blockade or modification of the monocyte IgG-receptor. Fourteen patients received antituberculous therapy including rifampicin. The immunosuppressive effect of rifampicin is well established; thus the impairment of phagocytosis could be induced by rifampicin. The modification of the IgG-receptor in addition could be an explanation for the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions by rifampicin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 947-954 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acute myelogenous leukemia ; Immunological parameters ; Results of immunotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with AML in complete remission (CR) are immunosuppressed; remission lymphocytes of at least a part of the patients are able to recognize autologous leukemic blasts; the CR represents a minimal residual disease. Thus, important conditions for a potentially successful active immunotherapy are given. Results of most earlier randomized trials on immunotherapy revealed some, but limited benefit with respect to survival. Encouraging effects, however, have been achieved by immunizing CR patients with high-dose neuraminidase-treated allogeneic blasts. Because these data have not been confirmed until now we recently initiated a randomized study utilizing identical treatment protocols. The preliminary results of the ongoing study still do not allow to draw any firm conclusions. Specific monoclonal antibodies or autologous cytotoxic T-cells may be useful tools for future immunotherapy of AML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 1029-1035 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human granulocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Staphylocidal activity ; Lysostaphin ; Corticosteroids ; Blood storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lysostaphin, a staphylococcus-derived staphylocidal substance, has widely been used in assays of granulocyte phagocytic and bactericidal capability. It rapidly kills extracellular bacteria. Thus, a separate determination of intracellular surviving bacteria can be performed. One prerequisite for this approach is the safe inactivation of lysostaphin (usually brought about by trypsin) before the intracellular bacteria are externalized for plating. This inactivation has been found by others to be incomplete. Data are presented demonstrating a safe inactivation of lysostaphin by trypsin, if the pH value is maintained within the alkaline range. A low variation of results is obtained by plotting the total number of bacteria killed per incubate vs the logarithm of initial bacterial inoculum or of the intracellular surviving bacteria, leading to linear regression lines. The variation of the results increases greatly for initial bacteria/granulocyte proportions of 〉 5/1. The results obtained for two differentSt. aureus strains are significantly different. Dexamethasone pretreatment (12 mg p.o. within 8 h) had no detectable influence, when fresh blood was assayed, while blood storage at room temperature for 12 h (without dexamethasone pretreatment) led to a significant functional impairment, mainly of bactericidal capability when analyzed in a pairwise fashion. A major limitation of this kind of assays is that killed bacteria cannot be determined directly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Monocyten ; Phagocytose ; NBT-Test ; M. Hodgkin ; Lymphorsarkom ; Monocytes ; phagocytosis ; NBT test ; M. Hodgkin ; lymphosarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The monocytes of 7 patients with advanced Hodgkin disease (stages III and IV) and of two patients with generalized lymphosarcoma exhibited a highly significant impairment of the phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells, regardless of receiving therapy or not. In contrast three patients with M. Hodgkin, stage II B, and one with lymphorsarcoma in complete remission showed a rather elevated monocyte phagocytic activity. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by monocytes in the mean was significantly enhanced in all patients investigated, compared with normal persons, although only in one patient a bacterial infection was apparent at the time of the test. The possible implication of the findings in the well known immunodeficiency present in M. Hodgkin and lymphosarcoma is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Monocyten von 7 Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem M. Hodgkin (Stadium III und IV) und von 2 Patienten mit generalisiertem Lymphosarcom zeigten eine hoch signifikant verminderte Phagocytose von IgG-beladenen Erythrocyten, unabhängig davon, ob eine Therapie bereits durchgeführt war oder nicht. Demgegenüber war die Phagocytose-Aktivität bei 3 Patienten mit M. Hodgkin, Stadium II und einem mit Lymphosarkom in Vollremission eher gegenüber der Norm gesteigert. Die Reduktion von Nitroblau-Tetrazolium durch Monocyten war bei allen untersuchten Patienten im Vergleich zu Normalpersonen im Mittel signifikant gesteigert, obwohl nur ein Patient zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung einen gesicherten bakteriellen Infekt aufwies. Die mögliche Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die bei diesen Erkrankungen bestehenden Immundefekte wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 99-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Macrophages ; monocytes ; Macrophagen ; Monocyten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Differential-Zentrifugierung über einem Biligram®-Dextran-Gemisch wurden über 99% der Erythrocyten und Granulocyten und über 85% der Lymphocyten aus einer 30 ml-Blutprobe entfernt. Die weitere Abtrennung der Monocyten von den Lymphocyten und Thrombocyten erfolgte durch Differential-Sedimentierung und Adhärenz an einer Plastik-Oberfläche. Bei den isolierten Zellen handelte es sich nach morphologischen und funktionellen Kriterien um Monocyten bzw. mononucleäre Phagocyten. Verwendet wurde bisher Normalblut und Blut Tuberkulose-Kranker.
    Notes: Summary By means of differential centrifugation on top of a Biligram®-Dextran mixture, more than 99% of the erythrocytes and granulocytes and more than 85% of the lymphocytes were removed from a 30 ml blood sample. The further separation of the monocytes from the lymphocytes and thrombocytes was accomplished by differential sedimentation and adherence on to a plastic surface. According to the morphological and functional characteristics the isolated cells showed to be monocytes or mononuclear phagocytes, respectively. As yet the method was employed for normal blood and blood of patients with tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 59-65 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Monocyte function ; uremia ; immunosuppression ; Monocyten-Funktion ; Urämie ; Immunsuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 21 Patienten mit terminaler, Dialysebehandelter Urämie wurden einige Monocyten-Funktionsprüfungen in vitro durchgeführt. Dabei fand sich eine gegenüber der Norm signifikante Steigerung der Fähigkeit zur Haftung, Ausbreitung und Reduktion von Nitroblau-Tetrazolium als Zeichen einer metabolischen Aktivierung. Demgegenüber lag die Phagozytose von IgG-beladenen Erythrozyten signifikant unter der Norm. Eine Alteration des IgG-Rezeptors des Monocyten im urämischen Milieu mit ihrer Möglicher. Bedeutung für die Immun-Insuffizienz des Urämikers wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Monocyte function studies in vitro have been performed in 21 patients with terminal, dialysis-treated uremia and, in parallel, in 21 healthy normal subjects. In uremia the attachment, spreading activity, and reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium were shown to be significantly enhanced, indicating a metabolic activation of the monocytes. The phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells, however, was significantly impaired. A modification of the monocyte IgG-receptor in uremic conditions is supposed; its relevance for the immunosuppression in uremic states is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 644-646 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Head and Neck Cancer ; Cisplatinum ; Bleomycin ; Methotrexate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results of chemotherapy in head and neck cancers are reported with a regimen of cisplatinum, bleomycin and methotrexate. In 63 previously untreated patients, the overall response rate was 73%, including 13/63 CR and 33/63 PR. The response rate in 20 previously treated tumors was 20%. The chemotherapy protocol was well tolerated without severe complications. Initial chemotherapy as a third modality in addition to radiotherapy and/or surgery is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute myelocytic leukaemia ; Multidrug therapy ; Clinical results ; Cell kinetic data ; Regimen modification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 31 adult patients (study A) with acute myelocytic leukaemia were treated for remission induction with cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C, 100 mg/ m2/day) by a 7 (5) day continuous infusion. 3 (2) doses of daunorubicin (DNR, 45 mg/m2 i.v.) were added at daily intervals. For maintenance 5 day ARA-C was given monthly in sequential combination with DNR, thioguanine (TG), or ifosfamide (IFOS). 16 (52%) patients achieved complete remission (C.R.) after 1.8 (1–23) courses and 6.7 (3–10) weeks from treatment start. The median survival for responders and non-responders was 11.5 months, early death rate within 6 weeks was 3 (10%). Median remission duration was 13.5 months. Among 11 patients surviving for 7–22 months 7 patients are in first remission for 5.5–20.5 months. DNR, IFOS and TG were not given before the 3rd day of ARA-C infusion. In a previous group of 34 leukaemic patients and in 44 therapy courses DNA histograms of bone marrow cells using pulse cytophotometry showed marked accumulation in S-phase for 75% of courses. Also (G2 + M)-cells in the DNA distribution and thymidine pulse labelling indices were markedly increased in most cases, whereas thymidine uptake by scintillation counter was diminished and mitotic indices had not changed significantly. In now 15 patients (study B) the induction regimen was intensified by adding vincristine (VCR, 2 mg i.v.) and 3 doses of IFOS (600 mg/m2 i.V.). Preliminary results are 50% C.R. after 1,7 (1–2) courses and 6.8 (5–10) weeks from initiation of therapy. 2 patients died in the first 6 weeks. Modification and intensification of established drug combinations for AML on the basis described appear reasonable and possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Akute nichtlymphoblastische Leukämie ; intensivierte Induktionstherapie ; Toxizität ; prognostische Faktoren ; Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia ; Intensified induction therapy ; Toxicity ; Prognostic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) and daunorubicin (DNR) (7+3 regimen) produced complete remission (C.R.) in 16 of 31 adult patients with ANLL (regimen A). Addition of vincristine (VCR) and ifosfamide (IF) revealed C.R. in 5 of 11 patients (regimen B). Dosage escalation for ARA-C and DNR and additional thioguanine (T.A.D. regimen) produced C.R. in 5 of 9 patients when ARA-C was given by continuous infusion (regimen D) and in 8 of 10 patients when given by bolus injections (regimen F). Clearance of blasts from the bone marrow by the first course was achieved in 11 of 14 patients by the T.A.D. regimens D and F vs. 15 of 38 patients by regimens A and B (p〈0.05). Time to recovery of neutrophils and platelets after one course of D or F was not prolonged as compared to A and B provided that clearance of bone marrow blasts was adequate. Increased dose of ARA-C by continuous infusion (D) instead of bolus injections (F) induced unacceptable gastrointestinal toxicity. In (only evaluable) regimen A median remission duration was 11.5 (1-31+) months. In patients with adequate blast clearance by the first course median remission duration was 19 (5-31+) months vs. 2.5 (1–6) months in the delayed blast clearance group (p〈0.001). In patients under 60 years of age in regimens D and F 11 of 11 achieved C.R. vs. 18 of 34 in A and B (p〈0.025). In patients receiving chemotherapy at original dosage 12 of 14 in regimens D and F achieved C.R. vs. 13 of 26 in A and B (p〈0.1).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Cytosin-Arabinosid (ARA-C) und Daunorubicin (DNR) (7+3-Schema) führten bei 16 von 31 erwachsenen Patienten mit ANLL zu einer kompletten Remission (C.R.) (Regime A). Das identische Schema erweitert durch Vincristin (VCR) und Ifosfamid (IF) ergab eine C.R. bei 5 von 11 Patienten (Regime B). Dosissteigerung für ARA-C und DNR sowie Ergänzungen durch Thioguanin (TG) (T.A.D.-Schema) ergab C.R. bei 5 von 9 Patienten, wenn ARA-C kontinuierlich infundiert wurde (Regime D) und bei 8 von 10 Patienten wenn ARA-C als Bolus-Injektionen gegeben wurde (Regime F). Eine adäquate Blastenreduktion im Knochenmark bereits nach dem ersten Kurs zeigten bei den T.A.D.-Schemata D und F 11 von 14 Patienten gegenüber 15/38 bei A und B (p〈0,05). Die Erholungszeit der Neutrophilen und Thrombozyten war nach einem D- oder F-Kurs nicht länger als nach einem A- oder B-Kurs, sofern eine adäquate Blastenreduktion erzielt wurde. Erhöhte Dosis von ARA-C als Dauerinfusion (D) statt Bolusinjektion (F) verursachte inakzeptable gastro-intestinale Nebenwirkungen. Nach dem am längsten verfolgten Regime A betrug die mediane Remissionsdauer 11,5 (1-31+) Monate, und zwar bei Patienten mit adäquater Blastenreduktion durch den ersten Kurs 19 (5-31+) Monate vs. 2,5 (1–6) Monate bei Patienten mit verzögerter Blastenreduktion (p〈0,001). Bei Patienten unter 60 Jahren erreichten 11/11 bei den Regimen D und F eine C.R. gegenüber 18/34 in A und B (p〈0,025). Bei den Patienten ohne Dosisreduktion erreichten 12/14 bei den Regimen D und F und 13/36 bei A und B eine C.R. (p〈0,1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia ; Intensified induction therapy ; Toxicity ; Response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty patients with ANLL were given intensified remission induction therapy consisting of thioguanine, cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin (TAD). The mean age of patients was 47.6 years (range 18 to 74 years). Basing on leukemic cell kinetic data time sequencing of drugs was different from the original TAD protocol. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 43/60 patients (72%) with 10 CR in 15 patients over 60 years of age. Seventy-nine percent of the CR were induced by one cycle vs. thirty percent reported from the original TAD regimen. The major cause of induction failure — in ten of the 60 patients — was thrombocytopenia refractory to platelet transfusions. Persisting leukemia after two induction cycles was documented in only two patients. Median remission duration by life table analysis is 10 months with 17 patients in continuous CR for 1+ to 22+ months.
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