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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticity in the barrel cortex of the adult mouse: Effects of peripheral deprivation on GAD-immunoreactivity (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 441-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Barrel cortex ; GAD-immunoreactivity ; Adult cortical plasticity ; Somatosensory system ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The whisker-to-barrel pathway of the adult mouse was used in a study on the effects of peripheral sensory deprivation on GAD-immunoreactivity in the somatosensory cortex. At varying periods of time after removal of a set of vibrissal follicles, mice were processed for immunohistochemistry using an antibody against GAD. In sections tangential to the cortical surface we observed, in the barrels whose follicles were removed, decreased immunoreactivity as early as three days after surgery. The decrease was due to a lesser numerical density of stained puncta and to less intense staining of those remaining. GAD-positive somata were also less intensely stained, whereas their number did not seem to be changed. The changes, apparent at 3 days after the surgery, were restricted to the barrels corresponding to the removed follicles and were maximal at 2–4 weeks. At longer survival times (until 7 months) the immunoreactivity returned to normal, coincident with the regeneration of peripheral nerve fibres in the absence of their follicles. We conclude that GAD-immunoreactivity in the barrel cortex swiftly reacts to modifications of neuronal activity evoked in the periphery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247346
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of the projections from barrel cortex to thalamus in mice studied with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin and HRP (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 73-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Barrel ; Barreloid ; Thalamus ; Somatosensory system ; Mouse ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to elucidate the geometric organization of projections from the barrel cortex to the thalamus, iontophoretic injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin were made. The injections were confined to one barrel column (i.e. barrel in layer IV + cortical tissue above and below it). Axonal terminations could be demonstrated in three thalamic nuclei: reticularis (RT), ventrobasalis (VB) and posterior (PO). Anterograde terminal labelling was obtained in RT + VB; in PO only; or in RT + VB + PO. The terminals labelled in PO were much larger than those in RT and VB. The termination areas in RT, VB and PO were shaped like rods which have a rostro-caudal orientation. These cortico-thalamic projections are discretely and topographically organized. The clearest such arrangement was found in VB. Here, projections from the A row of barrels in BF terminate dorsally, whereas those from the C row end ventrally. Barrel A1 projects to the lateral part of VB, whereas A4, to more medial parts; other rows are arranged similarly. These results were compared with the distribution of thalamo-cortical projection neurons that were labelled after iontophoretic HRP injections in individual barrels. We concluded that the corticothalamic projections originating from one barrel column contact an arc of barreloids in VB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255235
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticity in the barrel cortex of the adult mouse: transient increase of GAD-immunoreactivity following sensory stimulation (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 659-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuronal plasticity ; Whisker ; Somatosensory system ; Cerebral cortex ; GAD-regulation ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sensory experience during perinatal life and adulthood modifies physiological and anatomical characteristics of the central nervous system. So far, this phenomenon has been studied in situations of complete or partial sensory deprivation. We here report that increased sensory stimulation, during four days, of a number of whisker follicles on the face of the adult mouse results in an increased immunoreactivity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (the biosynthetic enzyme of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA) in the somatosensory cortex of the adult mouse. Effects were limited to a column of tissue corresponding to the representation of the stimulated follicles and lasted two days beyond stimulation. These findings suggest that sensory stimulation transiently modifies local cortical processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230256
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of giant and small thalamic terminals of cortical origin: a study of the projections from the barrel cortex in mice using Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin (PHA-L) (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 87 (1991), S. 159-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corticothalamic projection ; Somatosensory system ; Barrel ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; leucoagglutinin ; Electron microscopy ; Mouse ; Synaptic glomerulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of tracing with the lectin Phaseolusvulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), we examined in the thalamus of the mouse, the axon terminals of fibers originating in the barrel cortex. Vibratome sections of the brain were subjected to PHA-L immunocytochemistry and processed for light and electron microscopy. We observed small (0.5–0.8 μm in diameter) varicosities of labeled fibers in the nucleus ventrobasalis (VB) and the nucleus posterior (PO) as well as labeled giant terminals (3–5 μm in diameter) in PO. The analysis involved examination of serial sections and computer-aided reconstruction of several terminals. The small varicosities in VB appear to be small axon terminals forming distinct asymmetric synapses with small dendritic profiles. Some labeled terminals are apposed to, but not synaptically related with, the cell bodies of neurons in VB that are retrogradely labeled with PHA-L. The small varicosities seen with the light microscope in PO are terminals forming asymmetric synapses with dendritic shafts. The giant terminals in PO appear as large, vesicle-filled profiles forming part of synaptic glomeruli, i.e. complexes of one corticothalamic terminal engulfing several excrescences of a single dendrite. A giant terminal forms several asymmetric synapses (about 8) with these excrescences, as well as numerous (up to 15) puncta adhaerentia. The glomeruli are enveloped in glial lamellae, and they are often found at the bifurcations of primary dendritic segments. We suggest that the small terminals in VB are in the service of feedback signalling from the barrel cortex to its principal thalamic relay nucleus; the functional importance of this projection may reside in increased spatio-temporal discrimination. We interpret the giant terminals in PO as elements serving feed-forward processing, allowing the barrel cortex to influence, via PO, parts of the motor pathway modulating the animal's ongoing behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228517
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [Na · Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4]: Ein Salz des neuen Anions Tetrakis(boran)sulfat(2 - ) Kristallstruktur und theoretische Untersuchung der MolekülstrukturProfessor Heinrich Nöth zum 65. Geburtstage gewidmet (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1353-1359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bis[triglymesodium(1+)][Tetrakis(borane)sulfate(2-)], [Na · Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4] ; preparation ; crystal structure ; SCF calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [Na · Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4]: a Salt of the New Anion Tetrakis(borane)sulfate(2- ). Crystal Structure and Theoretical Investigation of the StructureNa[H3B-m̈2-S(B2H5)] 1 is produced by the reaction between NaSH and THF · BH3, under dehydrogenation. 1 is also formed as the first 11B-NMR-spectroscopically detectable reaction product by the reaction between anhydrous Na2S and THF · BH3. Adducts of BH3 with the S2- ion are not detectable in THF. The anion [S(BH3)4]2- can however be obtained, by the addition of NaBH4 to 1 in diglyme or triglyme respectively: [Na  -  Triglyme]2[S(BH3)4] 2. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (Nr. 14). Structural data of 1 and 2 have been calculated by SCF methods. The anion of 2 may be viewed either as an adduct of B2H6 with S2-, or as a bridge substituted thia derivative of B2H7-; furthermore the anion of 2 is isoelectronic and isostructural with the SO42- ion.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion zwischen NaSH und THF · BH3 entsteht unter H2-Abspaltung Na[H3B-m̈2-S(B2H5)] 1. 1 entsteht auch als erstes 11B-NMR-spektroskopisch nachweisbares Reaktionsprodukt bei der Reaktion zwischen wasserfreiem Na2S und THF · BH3. Addukte von BH3 an das S2--Ion lassen sich in THF als Lösungsmittel nicht nachweisen. Das neue Anion [S(BH3)4]2- kann jedoch durch Addition von NaBH4 an 1 in Diglyme bzw. Triglyme erhalten werden: [Na · L]2[S(BH3)4] 2. 2 kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/n (Nr. 14). Aus SCF-Rechnungen erhielten wir die Strukturparameter für 1 und 2. Das Anion von 2 kann sowohl als Addukt von B2H6 an S2- als auch als brückensubstituiertes Thia-Derivat des B2H7--Ions aufgefaßt werden; ferner ist es isoelektronisch und isostrukturell mit dem SO42-- Ion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936190806
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und schwingungsspektroskopische Untersuchung von [H3B—Se—Se—BH3]2- und [H3B-μ2-Se(B2H5)]- Kristallstruktur und theoretische Untersuchung der Molekülstruktur von [H3B-μ2-Se(B2H5)]-Professor Peter Paetzold zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 400-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: [Disodium(2 +)][1,2-Diselena-diboranate(2 -)] ; [Tetraphenylphosphonium(1 +)][μ2-Selena-(diboranyl)boranate(1 -)] ; preparation ; SCF calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation of [H3B—Se—Se—BH3]2- and [H3B-μ2-Se(B2H5)]- Crystal Structure and Theoretical Investigation of the Molecular Structure of [H3B-μ2-Se(B2H5)]-M2[H3B—Se—Se—BH3] 1 is produced by the reaction between elemental selenium and MBH4 (1 : 1) in triglyme (diglyme), under dehydrogenation. 1 reacts with an excess of B2H6 to give M[H3B-μ2-Se(B2H5)] 2 which is also formed in the reaction of THF · BH3 with 1. These reactions proceed under cleavage of the Se—Se bond and hydrogen evolution. [(C6H5)4]Br reacts with Na · 2 to form [(C6H5)4P] · 2 which crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4 (Nr. 82). An X-ray structure determination failed because of disordering of the cation and anion. 11B, 77Se NMR shifts and 1J(11B1H) coupling constants as well as IR- and Raman spectroscopic investigations convey further structural information. Structural data of 2 have been calculated by SCF methods. The anion of 2 may be viewed either as an adduct of Se with B3H8-, or as a bridge substituted selena derivative of B2H6.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion zwischen elementarem Selen und MBH4 (1 : 1) (M = Na, Li) in Triglyme (Diglyme) entsteht unter Wasserstoffabspaltung M2[H3B—Se—Se—BH3] 1. Bei der Behandlung von 1 mit überschüssigem B2H6 oder THF · BH3 wird die Se—Se-Bindung gespalten und es entsteht unter erneuter Wasserstoffabspaltung M[H3B-μ2-Se(B2H5)] 2. Aus Na · 2 und [(C6H5)4P]Br entsteht [(C6H5)4P] · 2, welches tetragonal in der Raumgruppe I4 (Nr. 82) kristallisiert. Kation und Anion sind im Kristall fehlgeordnet. Strukturinformationen konnten aus den 11B-, 77Se- und 1J(11B1H)-Daten einerseits und den IR- und Raman-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen andererseits erhalten werden. Aus SCF-Rechnungen erhielten wir die Strukturparameter für das Anion 2. 2 kann sowohl als Addukt von Se an B3H8- als auch als brückensubstituiertes Selena-Derivat des B2H6 aufgefaßt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210310
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