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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of 3H-dihydrotestosterone in the pituitary gland of the rhesus monkey (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Androgen receptors ; Pituitary gland ; Rhesus monkey ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake and retention of radiolabelled dihydrotestosterone by the pituitary gland was examined in the rhesus monkey. Two animals were given an intravenous injection of 1.0μg/kg 3H-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) alone while one monkey received both the labelled androgen and 100μg/kg of unlabelled steroid. One and a half hours later, they were sacrificed. The pituitary glands were removed and processed for autoradiography and immunocytochemistry. Autoradiographic localization of DHT was discernible in the partes nervosa, intermedia and distalis, albeit the highest concentration of radiolabelled cells was noted in the pars distalis. Immunocytochemical staining with antibodies to rat PRL, human TSHβ and ovine LHβ revealed a population of steroid-concentrating cells that contained TSH and a second group that contained LH. None of the cells that reacted with the anti-PRL serum were radiolabelled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic localization of sex steroid hormones in the lymphatic organs of baboons (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 593-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymphatic organs ; Sex steroids ; Baboon ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of radiolabeled estradiol and dihydrotestosterone was examined in the lymphatic organs of both male and female baboons. A total of 12 baboons were divided into two groups, each containing three males and three females. Each animal in one group, both males and females, was injected intravenously with 1 μg/kg body weight of 3H-estradiol while those in the second group were each injected with 1 μg/kg body weight of 3H-dihydrotestosterone. As controls, one male and one female from each group also received a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight of the corresponding unlabeled steroid. One and a half hours after the injections, the animals were sacrificed and the spleen, thymus, and inguinal lymph nodes removed and processed for autoradiography. The localization of 3H-estradiol was similar in both males and females. In the thymus fibroblasts and epithelio-reticular cells, but not thymocytes, localized 3H-estradiol. In lymph node and spleen, nonlymphoid tissue concentrated the labeled estrogen. Additionally, in the paracortical region of the lymph node, an unknown cell type was labeled with estrogen. Only one male baboon demonstrated nuclear localization of 3H-dihydrotestosterone. This was observed in the reticular cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. The same cell type in the organs of the remaining animals was unlabeled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular and subcellular localization of 3H-diethylstilboestrol in the central nervous system (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Rat ; Diethylstilboestrol ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular and subcellular localization of radioactivity in the brain of immature female rats was determined by dry-mount autoradiography 2 h after iv injection of 1.0 μg of (monethyl-3H) diethylstilboestrol per 100 g body weight. A specific topographic pattern of nuclear concentration of the synthetic oestrogen was obtained similar to that for 3H-oestradiol-17β in specific neurons of the basal hypothalamus, preoptic region and amygdala. In competition experiments, the nuclear concentration of radioactivity in all areas studied was inhibited by unlabeled oestradiol, while unlabeled testosterone had no effect. These data suggest that although oestradiol can bind to androgen receptors, the oestrogen receptor itself can account for the localization seen after the injection of 3H-oestradiol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220644
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen receptors in the islets of Langerhans of baboons (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Steroid receptors ; Estradiol ; Diabetes mellitus ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous clinical studies have indicated that during pregnancy and following administration of contraceptives women show altered carbohydrate metabolism. We performed autoradiographic studies using 3H-estradiol-17β and 3H-dihydrotestosterone on male and female baboons. Discrete sites of localization of exposed photographic emulsion were observed over nuclei of cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreases of baboons injected with estrogen but not over those of baboons injected with androgen. These observations that islet cells contain specific receptors for estrogen when combined with the clinical observations, suggest that estrogens have a direct effect on the islet cells that may modulate the release of insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and retention of3H-estradiol by gonadotrophs and lactotrophs in the pituitary glands of the guinea pig, hamster and gerbil (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LH-cells ; Prolactin cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Estrogen ; Autoradiography ; Guinea pig ; Hamster ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nuclear uptake and retention of3H-estradiol by luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) cells was examined in three species of rodents (guinea pigs, hamsters and gerbils) using the combined techniques of immunocyto-chemistry and autoradiography. Castrated animals were injected with3H-estradiol and decapitated 1.5 h later. The pituitary glands were processed for thaw-mount autoradiography followed by conventional immunocytochemical staining for LH and PRL.3H-estradiol accumulated in more than 80% of the anterior pituitary cells in the gerbils, while only 33 and 22% of the cells accumulated3H-estradiol in the hamsters and guinea pigs, respectively. A varying percentage of immunoreactive LH and PRL cells in all three species were found also to contain binding sites for estradiol. Some LH and PRL cells in hamsters and guinea pigs and only some in PRL cells of gerbils were found to be devoid of grains. Quantitative analysis revealed that the number of grains per nucleus differed considerably from cell to cell. LH cells of guinea pigs accumulated much larger amounts of3H-estradiol than did the PRL cells, while the LH cells in the hamsters and gerbils accumulated only slightly more3H-estradiol than the PRL cells. These results confirm the previous observations in rats and baboons that demonstrated tremendous species differences in percentage of cells in the anterior pituitary gland that accumulated3H-estradiol. Also, these data suggest that there are functionally heterogeneous cell types among the LH and PRL cells in hamsters, guinea pigs and gerbils as has been previously demonstrated in rats and baboons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239965
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of 3H-estradiol in the uterus of pregnant and non-pregnant armadillos (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 773-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Estrogen receptors ; Uterus ; Armadillo ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake and retention of radiolabeled estradiol by the uterus was examined in the armadillo. One pregnant and two non-pregnant armadillos were treated with 1.4 μg/kg body weight of 3H-estradiol (E2) by injection into the left ventricle, and one non-pregnant animal was injected with both the labeled hormone and 140 μg/kg body weight of unlabeled E2. One and a half hour after injection, the animals were sacrificed and the uteri were removed and processed for autoradiography. In the non-pregnant animals, nuclear localization was observed in the interstitial cells and glandular epithelium of the endometrium and the connective tissue cells and smooth muscle of the myometrium. Additionally, there was a gradation of uptake in the epithelial cells of the endometrium in that the glandular cells of the basal region were heavily labeled, while those cells in the sinusoidal, and luminal regions contained successively less label. The luminal cells were poorly labeled. In the pregnant female, the smooth muscle and glandular cells hypertrophied and their nuclei contained less label than was observed in the non-pregnant animals. The arteries of the myometrium were more easily distinguished in the pregnant animals and the nuclei of the endothelial cells and smooth muscle were more consistently labeled than those of the non-pregnant armadillos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210460
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen-bonding. Part 4. An analysis of solute hydrogen-bond basicity, in terms of complexation constants (log K), using F1 and F2 factors, the principal components of different kinds of basicityPart 3. M. H. Abraham, P. P. Duce, D. V. Prior, R. A. Schulz, J. J. Morris and P. J. Taylor, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 84, 865 (1988). (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 2 (1989), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The principal components factors F1 and F2 in the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log K = {\rm BDP}_0 + S_1 F_1 + S_2 F_2 $$\end{document} have been used to obtain S1 and S2 values for sets of hydrogen-bond bases against 32 reference acid/solvent systems. The constants S1 and S2 define an angle θ = tan-1 S2/S1 that is a measure of the electrostatic:covalent bonding ratio in the hydrogen-bond complex. It is shown that θ can vary from 53 (4-fluorophenol in CH2Cl2)to 86 degrees (Ph2NH in CCl4) depending on the reference acid and solvent. This variation in θ can lead to family dependent behaviour in plots of log K for bases against a given reference acid system vs log K for bases against another reference acid system, and precludes the construction of any general scale of hydrogen-bond basicity using log K values. Amongst a quite wide range of reference acid/solvent systems θ varies only from 64 to 73 degrees, and for bases against these reference systems a ‘reasonably general’ scale could be set up. Such a scale could be extended to bases against reference acid/solvent systems outside the 64-73 degree range provided that certain classes of base (e.g. pyridines, alkylamines) were excluded from the additional reference acid/solvent systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610020307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model solvent systems for QSAR. Part IV. The hydrogen bond acceptor behaviour of heterocycles (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 743-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An LSER analysis based on the partitioning of 15 proton acceptor heterocycles has succeeded in extracting Σβ values, but only at the cost of demonstrating solvent dependence for some of them. As noted by Abraham, the division lies between protic and aprotic organic phases. His observation that pyridine and quinoline are less effective acceptors when surrounded by solvent than in 1 : 1 association was confirmed, and possible reasons for this are discussed. Two other such cases are N-methylimidazole and pyridazine, both of which give lower Σβ values in octanol than in PGDP. For both, Σβ in PGDP is what would be expected on the basis of log Kβ. The value for pyridazine in octanol suggests that, here, the ‘α-effect’ is no longer operative; it is possible that this result can be generalized to other such heterocycles. Elsewhere, the most remarkable finding is that, where there are two proton acceptor sites in one heterocyclic ring, Σβ is the simple unattenuated sum of the separate βf values. If this result is general, it leads to a very simple way of estimating Σβ for heterocycles by calculation where data are unavailable. Evidence was also found, in certain cases, for hydrogen bonding to the π-donor heteroatom or the aromatic ring. The QSAR implications of these results are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610071213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical and photoelectronic spectral study of compounds with high ionization potentials: Anodic oxidation of vinyl triflates in aprotic solvents (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 3 (1990), S. 670-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Microelectrodes can be used to measure redox half-wave potentials in aprotic solvents containing no purposely added supporting electrolyte. By employing an electrode of sufficiently small size, the accessible potential range in solution is considerably extended. The electrochemical oxidation of vinyl (enol) triflates, which are oxidized at high electrode potentials, can therefore be studied using an ultramicroelectrode. Oxidation and ionization potentials, determined by ultramicroelectrode voltammetry and He I photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively, of 2-methylprop-1-enyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, 1,1-diphenylethenyl and prop-2-enyl triflate are reported. The results from electrochemical measurements and photoelectron spectra were compared.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610031008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen-bonding 8.Part 7; M. H. Abraham, P. L. Grellier, D. V. Prior, P. P. Duce, J. J. Morris and P. J. Taylor. J. Chem Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, (in press). Possible equivalence of solute and solvent scales of hydrogen-bond basicity of non-associated compounds (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 2 (1989), S. 540-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Using the solvatochromic indicator method, a scale of solvent hydrogen-bond basicity, β1 (General), has been set up using a series of double regression equations, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \nu = \nu _0 + s\pi _1^* + b\beta _1 $$\end{document} for 11 aniline-type indicators. A similar solvent scale, β1 (Special), has been constructed by the homomorphic comparison method using only results by Laurence et al. on the indicators 4-nitroaniline and 4-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline. Results are available from our previous work on a general solute scale, β2H, and we have also obtained a special solute scale, β2 (pKHB) from available log K values for hydrogen-bond complexation of bases with 4-fluorophenol in CCl4. However, the two solute β2 scales are virtually identical.It is shown that there is a general connection between β1(General) and β2H, with r = 0·9775 and s.d. = 0·05 for 32 compounds, and between β1(Special) and β2H, with r = 0·9776 and s.d. = 0·06 for the same 32 compounds. The latter correlation over 60 compounds yields r = 0·9684 and s.d. = 0·07. However, there are so many compounds in these regressions for which the differences in the solvent and solute β values are larger than the total expected error of 0·07 units that the use of β1 to predict β2 or vice versa is a very hazardous procedure. About 70 new β1 values obtained by the double regression method are also reported.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610020706
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